scholarly journals Drought stress introduces growth, physiological traits and ecological stoichiometry changes in two contrasting Cunninghamia lanceolata cultivars planted in continuous-plantation soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Bian ◽  
Yukui Wang ◽  
Baoli Duan ◽  
Zhizhuang Wu ◽  
Yuanbing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background The decrease in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) production on continuously planted soil is an essential problem. In this study, two-year-old seedlings of two cultivars (a normal cultivar, NC, and a super cultivar, SC) were grown in two types of soil (not planted (NP) soil; continuously planted (CP) soil) with three watering regimes, and the interactive effects on plant growth and physiological traits were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. The water contents of the soil in the control (CK) (normal water content), medium water content (MWC) and low water content (LWC) treatments reached 75−80 %, 45−50 % and 20−25 % of the field water capacity, respectively. Results The results indicated that the CP soil had a negative effect on growth and physiological traits and that the LWC treatment caused even more severe and comprehensive negative effects. In both cultivars, the CP soil significantly decreased the height increment (HI), basal diameter increment (DI), dry matter accumulation (DMA), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), total chlorophyll content (TChl), carotenoid content (Caro) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). Compared to the NP soil, the CP soil also decreased the proline and soluble protein contents, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and increased the nitrogen:phosphorus ratio in roots, stems and leaves. The LWC treatment decreased growth and photosynthesis, changed ecological stoichiometry, induced oxidative stress, promoted water use efficiency and damaged chloroplast ultrastructure. Significant increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), soluble protein and proline contents were found in the LWC treatment. Compared with the NC, the SC was more tolerant to the CP soil and water stress, as indicated by the higher levels of DMA, Pn, and WUE. After exposure to the CP soil and watering regimes, the decreases in biomass accumulation and gas exchange were more pronounced. Conclusions The combination of drought and CP soil may have detrimental effects on C. lanceolata growth, and low water content enhances the impacts of CP soil stress on C. lanceolata seedlings. The superiority of the SC over the NC is significant in Chinese fir plantation soil. Therefore, continuously planted soil can be utilized to cultivate improved varieties of C. lanceolata and maintain water capacity. This can improve their growth and physiological performance to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Drought stress introduces growth, physiological traits and ecological stoichiometry changes in two contrasting Cunninghamia lanceolata cultivars planted in continuous-plantation soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Bian ◽  
Yukui Wang ◽  
Baoli Duan ◽  
Zhizhuang Wu ◽  
Yuanbing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Water Capacity

Abstract Background: The decrease of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) production on continually planted soil is an essential problem. In this study, two cultivars (a normal cultivar, NC, and a super cultivar, SC) with two-year-old seedlings were grown in two types of soil (non-planting of Chinese fir, NP soil; continuous planting of Chinese fir, CP soil) with three watering regimes, and the interaction effects on plant growth and physiological traits were investigated. Results: The water contents of normal water control (CK), medium water content (MWC) and low water content (LWC) soil reached 75%-80%, 45%-50% and 20%-25%, respectively, of the field water capacity. The results indicated that both CP soil and LWC soil had negative effects on growth and physiological traits. In both cultivars, CP soil significantly decreased plant growth and the performance of physiological traits. The LWC soil changed the ecological stoichiometry in the three organs, induced oxidative stress, promoted water use efficiency and damaged chloroplast ultrastructure. Compared with NC, the SC cultivar was more tolerant to CP soil and drought stress. Conclusions: The CP soil shows negative effect on C. lanceolata’s physiological traits, and these effects can be exacerbated by drought stress. Therefore, the utilization of continuous planted soil can cultivate improved varieties of C. lanceolata and maintain water capacity. This can improve their growth and physiological performance to a certain extent.

Natural variation and genomic prediction of growth, physiological traits, and nitrogen-use efficiency in perennial ryegrass under low-nitrogen stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6670-6683
Author(s):  
Xiongwei Zhao ◽  
Gang Nie ◽  
Yanyu Yao ◽  
Zhongjie Ji ◽  
Jianhua Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Ridge Regression ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Genomic prediction of nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) has not previously been studied in perennial grass species exposed to low-N stress. Here, we conducted a genomic prediction of physiological traits and NUE in 184 global accessions of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in response to a normal (7.5 mM) and low (0.75 mM) supply of N. After 21 d of treatment under greenhouse conditions, significant variations in plant height increment (ΔHT), leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), chlorophyll index (Chl), chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf N and carbon (C) contents, C/N ratio, and NUE were observed in accessions , but to a greater extent under low-N stress. Six genomic prediction models were applied to the data, namely the Bayesian method Bayes C, Bayesian LASSO, Bayesian Ridge Regression, Ridge Regression-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces, and randomForest. These models produced similar prediction accuracy of traits within the normal or low-N treatments, but the accuracy differed between the two treatments. ΔHT, LFW, LDW, and C were predicted slightly better under normal N with a mean Pearson r-value of 0.26, compared with r=0.22 under low N, while the prediction accuracies for Chl, N, C/N, and NUE were significantly improved under low-N stress with a mean r=0.45, compared with r=0.26 under normal N. The population panel contained three population structures, which generally had no effect on prediction accuracy. The moderate prediction accuracies obtained for N, C, and NUE under low-N stress are promising, and suggest a feasible means by which germplasm might be initially assessed for further detailed studies in breeding programs.

ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN IMPROVING PRODUCTION WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Othman & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma4 and Cham6) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb3) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season, under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, in the variety Douma3 (7466 kg. ha-1, and 4162kg. ha-1, 19.006 kg ha-1 mm-1,  39.62 kg N m-2respectively). The two varieties Douma3 and Cham6 are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561, 2385 kg ha-1 respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham5 and Douma4) (1951 and 1724 kg ha-1 respectively). They also exhibited the highest values of both rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency.

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