scholarly journals Role of preoperative biliary stents, bile contamination and antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical site infections after pancreaticoduodenectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gavazzi ◽  
Cristina Ridolfi ◽  
Giovanni Capretti ◽  
Maria Rachele Angiolini ◽  
Paola Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Biliary Stents

scholarly journals The Role of Bacterial Colonization of the Suture Thread in Early Identification and Targeted Antibiotic Treatment of Surgical Site Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4416
Author(s):  
Francesco Iovino ◽  
Federica Calò ◽  
Consiglia Orabona ◽  
Alessandra Pizza ◽  
Francesca Fisone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Suture Thread

Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of the colonization of suture thread to identify patients at risk of developing a surgical site infection (SSI) after clean surgical procedures. Methods: Patients who underwent elective clean surgery procedures at the Surgery Unit of the AOU-University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli in a 21-month period were prospectively enrolled. For each patient, a synthetic absorbable thread in Lactomer 9-1 was inserted into the surgical site at the end of surgery and microbiologically evaluated after 48 h. Antibiotic prophylaxis was chosen according to international guidelines. Results: A total of 238 patients were enrolled; 208 (87.4%) of them were subjected to clean procedures without the placement of prosthesis, and 30 (12.6%) with prosthesis. Of the 238 patients, 117 (49.2%) underwent an antimicrobial prophylaxis. Overall, 79 (33.2%) patients showed a bacterial colonization of the thread: among the 208 without the implantation of prosthesis, 19 (21.8%) of the 87 with antibiotic prophylaxis and in 58 (47.9%) of the 121 without it; among the 30 patients with the implantation of prosthesis, only two patients showed a colonized thread. The patients with antibiotic prophylaxis developed a colonization of the thread less frequently than those without it (17.9% vs. 47.9%, p < 0.001). SSI was observed in six (2.5%) patients, all of them showing a colonized thread (7.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). The bacteria identified in colonized threads were the same as those found in SSIs. Conclusions: Our study presents a new method that is able to precociously assess patients who have undergone clean procedures who may develop SSI, and identify the microorganism involved.

scholarly journals Prevention of surgical site infections after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Role of preoperative biliary stent and antibiotic prophylaxis

HPB ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. e744-e745 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gavazzi ◽  
G. Capretti ◽  
C. Ridolfi ◽  
B. Fiore ◽  
C. Tinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Biliary Stent

The Role of the Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in Infective Endocarditis; A Narrative Review from 2000 to 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Noshak ◽  
Mohammad A. Rezaee ◽  
Alka Hasani ◽  
Mehdi Mirzaii
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Native Valve Endocarditis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are part of the microbiota of human skin and rarely linked with soft tissue infections. In recent years, CoNS species considered as one of the major nosocomial pathogens and can cause several infections such as catheter-acquired sepsis, skin infection, urinary tract infection, endophthalmitis, central nervous system shunt infection, surgical site infections, and foreign body infection. These microorganisms have a significant impact on human life and health and, as typical opportunists, cause peritonitis in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Moreover, it is revealed that these potential pathogens are mainly related to the use of indwelling or implanted in a foreign body and cause infective endocarditis (both native valve endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis) in patients. In general, approximately eight percent of all cases of native valve endocarditis is associated with CoNS species, and these organisms cause death in 25% of all native valve endocarditis cases. Moreover, it is revealed that methicillin-resistant CoNS species cause 60 % of all prosthetic valve endocarditis cases. In this review, we describe the role of the CoNS species in infective endocarditis, and we explicated the reported cases of CoNS infective endocarditis in the literature from 2000 to 2020 to determine the role of CoNS in the process of infective endocarditis.

scholarly journals A Short-Course Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Associated with Limited Antibiotic Resistance Emergence in Post-Operative Infection of Pelvic Primary Bone Tumor Resection

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Yoann Varenne ◽  
Stéphane Corvec ◽  
Anne-Gaëlle Leroy ◽  
David Boutoille ◽  
Mỹ-Vân Nguyễn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Implant Retention ◽  
The Impact

Resections of primary pelvic bone tumors are frequently complicated by surgical site infections (SSIs), thereby impairing the functional prognosis of patients, especially in case of implant removal. Although prophylactic antibiotics play an essential role in preventing SSIs, there are presently no recommendations that support their appropriate use. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 24 h prophylactic protocol on the bacterial ecology, the resistance pattern, and the SSI healing rate. We hypothesized that this protocol not only limits the emergence of resistance but also results in a good cure rate with implant retention in case of SSI. A retrospective study was performed that included all patients with an SSI following a pelvic bone tumoral resection between 2005 and 2017 who received a 24 h antibiotic prophylaxis protocol. Twenty-nine patients with an SSI were included. We observed a 75.9% rate of polymicrobial infection, with a high prevalence of digestive flora microorganisms and a majority of wild-type phenotypes. We confirmed that there was no significant emergence of resistant flora. After first-line debridement, antibiotics (DA) if any implant was used, or debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) whenever possible, we obtained a 79.3% cure rate, with implant removal in 20% of cases. The absence of an implant was significantly associated with SSI healing. Early infection management and low resistance profiles may also have a positive effect, but this needs to be confirmed in a larger cohort. In light of this, the use of a 24 h prophylactic protocol in primary pelvic bone tumor resections is associated with a favorable infection cure rate and implant retention in case of SSI, and minimal selection of resistant microorganisms.

scholarly journals Periprocedural Peritonitis Prophylaxis: A Summary of the Microbiology and the Role of Systemic Antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Leon Hsueh ◽  
Susie L. Hu ◽  
Ankur D. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Catheter Insertion ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Potential Strategy

Background: Peritonitis is a leading complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). One strategy that the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) has used to help mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with peritonitis is through prevention, including antibiotic prophylaxis utilization in high-risk situations. The aim of this study is to summarize our current understanding of postprocedural peritonitis and discuss the existing data behind periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis, focusing primarily on PD catheter insertion, dental procedures, colonoscopies, upper endoscopies with gastrostomy, and gynecologic procedures. Summary: The ISPD currently recommends intravenous antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion, colonoscopies, and invasive gynecologic procedures, though prophylaxis has only demonstrated benefit in a prospective, randomized control setting for PD catheter insertion. However, multiple retrospective studies exist that support the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for the other 2 procedures. No specific antibiotic regimen has been established as most optimal to prevent peritonitis for any of the 3 procedures. Antibiotic coverage should include the Enterobacteriaceae family, as well as Gram-positive organisms commonly found on the skin flora for PD catheter insertion, anaerobes for colonoscopies, and common organisms from the urogenital flora in gynecologic procedures. Additionally, the ISPD currently recommends oral amoxicillin prior to dental procedures. There is currently no ISPD recommendation to provide antibiotic prophylaxis prior to an upper endoscopy with or without gastrostomy, though this is a potential area for research. Key Messages: PD patients are at high risk for developing peritonitis after typical procedures. Antibiotic prophylaxis is a potential strategy that the ISPD utilizes to prevent these infections. However, further research needs to be done to determine the optimal antibiotic regimen.

The Aetiological Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Hysterectomy in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S22-S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Alun-Jones ◽  
A. J. Wilson ◽  
J. O. Hunter ◽  
R. E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Irritable Bowel
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