The role of timely initiation of antenatal care on protective dose tetanus toxoid immunization: the case of northern Ethiopia post natal mothers

Background: Neonatal tetanus remains a significant avertable cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Adequate vaccination strategies, including at least two doses of tetanus toxoid for reproductive age women, can decrease neonatal mortality. In Ethiopia, a few numbers of neonates were protected at birth through this proactive intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors associated with the low coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization. Objective: This study aimed to determine the status of Tetanus Toxoid immunization coverage and factors associated with it. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was implemented among 515 mothers in Hawzen, Eastern zone of Tigray. The data were entered into Epi data manager version 3.5.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors significantly associated with tetanus toxoid immunization coverage. Results: Two hundred and seven (40.2%) mothers were protected against tetanus at last birth. Mothers whose age was less than 20 years [AOR 0.19(0.10, 0.32), had no future plan for fertility [AOR 0.30(0.17, 0.53)], mothers attended once for antenatal care visits [AOR 0.38(0.18, 0.82)] and who got information from media [AOR 4.49(1.82, 11.07] were independent predictors of tetanus toxoid immunization status of mothers. Conclusion: More than half of the mothers were not protected against tetanus at the time of last birth. This study found the age of mothers, future fertility plans, numbers of antenatal care visits and mothers who got information from media; these were significant factors associated with the likelihood of tetanus toxoid immunization of mothers.

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Individual and community-level determinants of poor tetanus toxoid immunization among pregnant women in Ethiopia using data from 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey; multilevel analysis

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00622-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽

Hiwotie Getaneh Ayalew

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Community Level ◽

Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽

Care Visit ◽

Multilevel Logistic Regression Model ◽

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

Abstract Background Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease that can occur in all populations, with neonates and pregnant women being at the most risk. Ethiopia has the highest maternal and neonatal tetanus morbidity and mortality rates. Besides, only 49% of mothers get vaccinated with adequate tetanus toxoid in Ethiopia which is below the world health organization recommendation. To date, there is limited evidence on the individual and community level determinants of poor tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with poor TT immunization coverage in Ethiopia. Method Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. A total of 7043 pregnant women were included in the current study. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify individual and community level determinants of poor tetanus toxoid immunization. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported. Results In the multilevel logistic regression model adjustment, having no Antenatal care visit (AOR = 5.64; 95% CI:2.48,7.30) and having one to three antenatal care visit (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19–1.82); poor wealth index (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.54); not being exposed to media (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.51); maternal unemployment (AOR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.31); rural residence (AOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.72); and high community illiteracy (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.58) were associated with higher odds of poor tetanus toxoid immunization. Whereas, iron uptake during pregnancy (AOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.68), was associated with lower odds of poor tetanus toxoid immunization. Conclusion In this study tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine utilization was affected by both community and individual-level factors. Therefore, focusing on antenatal care services especially encouraging pregnant women to have at least four visits, consulting women to be exposed to media, improving community literacy and maternal employment will help to minimize TT underutilization.

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Dropout Rate of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Group of Women in Debrebirhan Town, Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia

Journal of Women s Health Care ◽

10.4172/2167-0420.1000390 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Kelem Desta Belihu ◽

Fekadu Yadassa Tesso ◽

Tigist Demeke Woldetsadik

Keyword(s):

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dropout Rate ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Age Group ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Reproductive Age Group ◽

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

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Use of mobile phone for improvement in maternal health: a randomized control trial

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175260 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 5458 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vidyadhar B. Bangal ◽

Sai K. Borawake ◽

Satyajit P. Gavhane ◽

Kunal H. Aher

Keyword(s):

Maternal Health ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Postnatal Care ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Antenatal Visits ◽

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

Background: The rapid escalation of cellular network coverage and expansion of mobile phone usage has opened up a new way of deploying health services. The mobile app with message facilities help in imparting health education regarding nutrition, iron and folic acid prophylaxis, tetanus toxoid immunization, danger symptoms and signs during pregnancy etc. Present study aimed to improve maternal health and pregnancy outcome by optimum utilization of antenatal, natal and postnatal care services, with the use of mobile phone as a medium of communication between health care provider and community in rural area.Methods: The prospective randomized control study, with two hundred pregnant women each, coming for antenatal visit and having personal mobile phone facility, were randomly allocated to control and intervention group. Control group women received routine antenatal care and advice as per hospital protocol. In addition to routine care and advice, intervention group received mobile phone calls, as reminders about next visit and text messages (SMS) on important aspects of antenatal care at regular intervals. The primary outcome indicators of the study were percentage of pregnant women coming for at least four antenatal visits, percentage of institutional delivery and postnatal check-ups.Results: Women in the intervention group had significantly higher number of antenatal visits, consumption of iron tablets, tetanus toxoid immunization, institutional deliveries and postnatal check-ups as compared to the control group.Conclusions: In the present study, the mobile phone intervention, significantly increased the percentage of women receiving the recommended four antenatal visits and showed a trend towards more women receiving preventive health services. Study gathered good evidence that m-Health tools present an opportunity to influence behaviour change and ensure that women access prevention services, including antenatal, natal and postnatal care. Mobile technology, specifically SMS can be successfully used to extend health information services to pregnant women.

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Perinatal mortality and its association with antenatal care visit, maternal tetanus toxoid immunization and partograph utilization in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98996-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melaku Desta ◽

Tadesse Yirga Akalu ◽

Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh ◽

Asmare Talie ◽

Addisu Alehegn Alemu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Perinatal Mortality ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Previous History ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Antenatal Care Visit ◽

Care Visit ◽

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

AbstractDespite remarkable progress in the reduction of under-five mortality; perinatal mortality is the major public health problem in Africa. In Ethiopia, the study findings on perinatal mortality and its predictors were inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled perinatal mortality, and its association with antenatal care visit, maternal tetanus toxoid immunization, and partograph monitoring. International databases like PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Science Direct were systematically searched. I squared statistics was used to determine the levels of heterogeneity across studies and the pooled estimate was computed using a random-effect model. The meta-analysis showed that a pooled prevalence of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia was 6.00% (95% CI 5.00%, 7.00%). The highest proportion of perinatal mortality was a stillbirth, 5.00% (95% CI 4.00%, 7.00%). Women who had antenatal care visit [OR = 0.20 (95% CI 0.12, 0.34)], maternal tetanus toxoid immunization [OR = 0.43 (95% CI 0.24, 0.77)] and partograph monitoring [POR = 0.22 (95% CI 0.06, 0.76)] reduced the risk of perinatal mortality. Whereas, previous history of perinatal mortality [POR = 7.95 (95% CI 5.59, 11.30)] and abortion history (POR = 2.02 (95% CI 1.18, 3.46)) significantly increased the risk of perinatal mortality. Therefore, antenatal care visit, maternal tetanus toxoid vaccination uptake, and partograph utilization should be an area of improvements to reduce perinatal mortality.

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1035325 Hubungan Sikap, Dukungan Keluarga dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan dengan Pemberian Imunisasi Tetanus Toxoid Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang Tahun 2018

Jurnal Kebidanan : Jurnal Medical Science Ilmu Kesehatan Akademi Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang ◽

10.35325/kebidanan.v9i1.166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 52-58

Author(s):

Rini Gustina Sari

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Family Support ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Health Workers ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

ABSTRAK Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) menunjukkan bahwa kematian akibat Tetanus Neonatorum di Negara-negara berkembang adalah 135 kali lebih tinggi daripada Negara maju. Tahun 2011 dilaporkan kasus Tetanus di seluruh dunia sebanyak 14.132 kasus dengan kematian terjadi pada 61.000 ibu hamil. Di Indonesia, masih ditemukan banyak kasus tetanus neonatorum terutama daerah dengan cakupan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan sikap, dukungan keluarga dan peran petugas kesehatan dengan pemberian imunisasi tetanus toxoid pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang Tahun 2018. Penelitian jenis penelitian adalah bersifat kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitiannya adalah semua ibu hamil K1 yang datang ke Puskesmas Sekip menggunakan kuisioner dengan jumlah 67 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ibu hamil dengan sikap positif sudah mengerti akan tujuan/manfaat dan efek samping mengenai pemberian imunisasi Tetanus Toxoid pada ibu hamil sehingga ibu hamil cenderung bersikap positif. ibu hamil dan orang orang yang berhubungan dekat dengan ibu hamil yang memberikan dukungan positif cenderung dilakukan imunisasi. Peran petugas kesehatan yang memiliki tugas untuk meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk juga petugas kesehatan imunisasi Tetanus Toksoid yang memiliki tugas untuk mengajak ibu hamil cenderung melakukan imunisasi agar terhindar dari penyakit infeksi tetanus yang dapat menyebabkan kematian bagi ibu dan bayi yang tidak melakukan imunisasi Tetanus selama kehamilan. Kata Kunci : Imunisasi Tetanus Toxoid, Sikap, Dukungan keluarga, Peran tenaga kesehatan ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that deaths from Tetanus Neonatorum in developing countries are 135 times higher than developed countries. In 2011 there were 14,132 cases of Tetanus worldwide reported with deaths occurring in 61,000 pregnant women. In Indonesia, there are still many cases of tetanus neonatorum, especially in areas with low coverage of deliveries by health workers. The research objective was to find out the relationship between attitudes, family support and the role of health workers by giving tetanus toxoid immunization to pregnant women at Palembang Sekip Health Center in 2018. The research was quantitative in nature using analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The research subjects were all K1 pregnant women who came to the Sekip Health Center using a questionnaire with a total of 67 respondents. The results showed that pregnant women with a positive attitude already understood the purpose / benefits and side effects of giving Tetanus Toxoid immunization to pregnant women so that pregnant women tended to be positive. pregnant women and people who are in close contact with pregnant women who provide positive support tend to be immunized. The role of health workers who have the duty to improve public health, including health workers Tetanus Toksoid immunization who has the task of inviting pregnant women to do immunizations to avoid tetanus infection which can cause death for mothers and infants who do not do Tetanus immunization during pregnancy. Keywords: Tetanus Toxoid immunization, attitude, family support, role of health workers

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