scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of stunting and wasting among public primary school children in Gondar town, northwest, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Mulugeta Melku ◽  
Mekuanint Geta ◽  
Tadele Melak ◽  
Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Public Primary School

scholarly journals Carriage Rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Primary School Children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Tefera ◽  
Feleke Mekonnen ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Teshome Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Invasive meningococcal disease has 70–80% mortality. Globally, 1.2 million estimated cases were reported with ~135,000 deaths annually. In African meningitis belt bacterial meningitis remains a serious threat to health accounting an estimated 500,000 cases of invasive meningococcal disease annually.In Ethiopia, specifically in our study area, limited information is found on the oropharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial resistance pattern and associated risk factors for N. meningitidis especially in school children. So, the aim of this study was to assess oropharyngeal carriage rate of N. meningitidis, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional prospective study was conducted from January-April, 2019 among primary school children. Multi stage simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using sterile plastic cotton swabs. Modified Thayer Martin media was used for primary inoculation. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was done on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. P ≤0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 53(10.1%) (CI: 7.6-12.8) N. meningitidis isolates were identified. Serogroup A 13 (24.5%) was the most prevalent followed by Y/W135 11(20.7%) whereas serogroup B 4(7.6%) was the least identified. Meningococcal isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (45.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.6%). Overall, most of meningococcal isolates showed high level of multidrug resistance with the rate of 32(60.4%). Meningococcal carriage rate was associated with family size, tonsillectomy, passive smoking, number of students per class, sharing utensils, history of visiting healthcare institutions and indoor kitchen. Conclusion Neisseria meningitidis prevalence in the present study was high. Serogroup A and W135/Y was the most prevalent isolate. High multidrug resistance pattern was observed.

scholarly journals Visual Impairment among Primary School Children in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ayanaw Tsega Ferede ◽  
Destaye Shiferaw Alemu ◽  
Alemayehu Desalegn Gudeta ◽  
Haile Woretaw Alemu ◽  
Mulusew Asferaw Melese
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Gondar Town

Background. An impairment of the visual system at or shortly after birth adversely affects educational performance of children which typically occurs through vision. Limited evidence on the magnitude and causes of visual impairment is one of the reasons for the low priority given to eye care in low-income countries. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence and determine the causes of visual impairment in primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1289 children aged 5–15 years who were randomly selected in 9 primary schools (government and private) from May to June 2016. Visual acuity was measured at 6 m using Snellen’s chart, and children with an acuity of less than 6/18 in the better eye underwent refraction and a detailed eye examination. A cause of their impairment was determined. Data were recorded using pretested tools. . Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 was used to enter and analyze the data using 95% confidence intervals. Results. The prevalence of visual impairment was 1.8%. Refractive errors (nearly 70%) followed by strabismus and cataract, each contributing 4.3%, were the most frequent causes of visual impairment in the study population. Majority (87%) of the children had moderate degree of vision impairment, and 10–15-year age groups are the more affected ones. Children of age fifteen and above showed statistically significant association with visual impairment (p=0.005). Conclusion. The magnitude of visual impairment in primary school children in the study area is significant. School screening programme is recommended to minimize the burden of visual impairment in the study area.

scholarly journals Carriage Rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Primary School Children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Tefera ◽  
Feleke Mekonnen ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Teshome Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
School Children ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Globally, in 2012, 1.2 million estimated cases were reported with ~135,000 deaths annually. In Ethiopia, specifically in our study area, limited information is found on the oropharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated risk factors for N. meningitidis among school children. So, the aim of this study was to assess oropharyngeal carriage rate of N. meningitidis, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and determinants among primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from January to April, 2019 in Gondar town. Multi stage simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using sterile plastic cotton swabs. Modified Thayer Martin media was used for primary isolation. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was done based on Kirby-Bauer method on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance of an isolate to two or more antimicrobial classes tested. Logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent variables (Carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis and Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns) and independent variables (Socio-demographic data and risk factors). Variables with a P- value ≤ 0.2 during bivariable analysis was taken to multivariable analysis to check significant association of meningococcal carriage with risk factors. Finally, a P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Data was summarized using numbers, percentages and tables. Results: A total of 53(10.1%) (CI: 7.6-12.8) N. meningitidis isolates were identified. Serogroup A 13 (24.5%) was the most prevalent followed by Y/W135 11(20.7%) whereas serogroup B 4(7.6%) was the least identified serotype. Meningococcal isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (45.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.6%). Overall, most of meningococcal isolates showed about 32(60.4%) multidrug resistance. Meningococcal carriage rate was significantly associated with family size, tonsillectomy, passive smoking, number of students per class, sharing utensils, history of visiting healthcare institutions, and indoor kitchen. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for reinforcement of case-based, laboratory confirmed surveillance of N. meningitidis carriage in Ethiopian elementary school students to enable mapping of distribution of serotypes of the causative organisms across the country and determine the current potential necessity of vaccination.

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