scholarly journals Visual Impairment among Primary School Children in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ayanaw Tsega Ferede ◽  
Destaye Shiferaw Alemu ◽  
Alemayehu Desalegn Gudeta ◽  
Haile Woretaw Alemu ◽  
Mulusew Asferaw Melese
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Gondar Town

Background. An impairment of the visual system at or shortly after birth adversely affects educational performance of children which typically occurs through vision. Limited evidence on the magnitude and causes of visual impairment is one of the reasons for the low priority given to eye care in low-income countries. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence and determine the causes of visual impairment in primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1289 children aged 5–15 years who were randomly selected in 9 primary schools (government and private) from May to June 2016. Visual acuity was measured at 6 m using Snellen’s chart, and children with an acuity of less than 6/18 in the better eye underwent refraction and a detailed eye examination. A cause of their impairment was determined. Data were recorded using pretested tools. . Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 was used to enter and analyze the data using 95% confidence intervals. Results. The prevalence of visual impairment was 1.8%. Refractive errors (nearly 70%) followed by strabismus and cataract, each contributing 4.3%, were the most frequent causes of visual impairment in the study population. Majority (87%) of the children had moderate degree of vision impairment, and 10–15-year age groups are the more affected ones. Children of age fifteen and above showed statistically significant association with visual impairment (p=0.005). Conclusion. The magnitude of visual impairment in primary school children in the study area is significant. School screening programme is recommended to minimize the burden of visual impairment in the study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases among Primary School-going Children in Rarieda, Siaya County-Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Arwa Stephen Onyango ◽  
Mogere Dominic ◽  
Musoke David
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries

Soil Transmitted Helminthiases (STH) are a group of chronic infections, typically very common or endemic in low income countries and are classified as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) laid down control strategies and goal to eradicate these infections by the year 2020, these infections continue to dominate in Sub-Saharan countries; this problem necessitated the need for this study. The primary objective of this study was to assess prevalence of, and risk factors of STH among primary school children in Rarieda, a sub-county in Siaya County of Kenya. The study contributed to the overall theme of “Research for Better Health in East African Region”. The study population comprised of primary school children, aged between seven and fifteen years. A total sample size of 300 pupils was randomly sampled from five primary schools across Rarieda. Data were collected between September and October 2018 and cross sectional study design was used. Ethical approvals were obtained from all the relevant authorities and pre-testing was done at Ruma primary school. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, Key Performance Indicators (KII) and Focused Group Discussions (FGD). The study established that there was high prevalence of STH among the primary school children in Rarieda, with prevalence rate of 27.3 percent. The prevalence rate varied with socio-demographic characteristics of the pupils. Knowledge level of the pupils on STH was 38.9, and the pupils were 45.9 percent at risk of STH with a great variance noted between health practices at schools verses at homes. Integrated STH control approach, which would incorporate regular deworming, health education and promotion, hygiene and sanitation, and appropriate health policies formulation and implementations, was therefore seen to be very necessary in controlling and prevention of STH in Rarieda.

scholarly journals Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Second Cycle Primary School Children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 216495612110178
Author(s):  
Kidus Fitsum ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Melake Demena ◽  
Berhe Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Private School ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Issue

Background Although overweight/obesity is becoming a public health issue in low income countries, there is a paucity of evidence concerning overweight/obesity in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude of overweight/obesity and associated factors among second cycle primary school children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 482 children from May to June, 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire and checklist. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 22.0. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with overweight/obesity. Level of statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. Results The overall magnitude of overweight/obesity was 21.2%. The magnitude of overweight was 13.7% while obesity was 7.5%. Vehicle availability, being from private school, not having friend(s), preferring sweet foods, eating breakfast irregularly, watching movies/Television while eating and physical inactivity were the factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity among second cycle primary school children. Conclusions The magnitude of overweight/obesity was high in the study area. Therefore, health and education sectors should promote healthy lifestyle to curb child overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Relationship between Untreated Dental Caries and Weight and Height of 6- to 12-Year-Old Primary School Children in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma Pervin Mishu ◽  
Martin Hobdell ◽  
Mahfujul Haq Khan ◽  
Richard M. Hubbard ◽  
Wael Sabbah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Tooth Cleaning ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries ◽  
Deprived Areas

Background. Children in low-income developing countries are likely to suffer from undergrowth. Dental caries is another common problem in these countries.Aim. To examine the association between untreated dental caries in primary and permanent teeth with age-adjusted height and weight among 6–12-year-old children in Bangladesh.Design. Social, behavioural, and clinical data were collected from 1699 children in nine different randomly selected primary schools in socially deprived areas of Bangladesh. The associations of age-adjusted weight and height and being underweight with dental caries were examined adjusting for sex, area of residence, socioeconomic position, skipping meals, tooth cleaning, and doctor visits.Results. 26% of the children were underweight and 55% had untreated dental caries. Children with at least one decayed tooth were significantly underweight with odds ratios 1.6 (95% CI 1.1, 2.3) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1, 2.0) for 6–8-years and 9–12-year-old children, respectively, in the adjusted model. The number of decayed teeth was inversely and significantly associated with the standardized age-adjusted weight.Conclusions. The findings highlight the association between untreated dental caries and being underweight in primary school children in socially deprived areas in low-income developing countries and emphasize the need to integrate oral and general health policies with social policies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of stunting and wasting among public primary school children in Gondar town, northwest, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Mulugeta Melku ◽  
Mekuanint Geta ◽  
Tadele Melak ◽  
Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Public Primary School

scholarly journals Visual impairment and associated factors among primary school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽  
Mohammed Derese Biru ◽  
Teshome Gensa Geta ◽  
Birhan Abera Areru
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Visual impairment is one of the major public health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in eight primary schools of Gurage Zone. A total of 1064 pupils, of whom589 boys and 475 girls were selected using multistage sampling technique. Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires and visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of visual impairment. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%. Factors significantly associated with visual impairment were age group of 13-18 years (AOR = 9.44, 95% CI = 3.83 – 23.25), school grade level of 5- 8 (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.23 – 7.17), rural residents (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.22 – 5.54), family’s monthly income of less than 2000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.08 – 7.61) and visually impaired parents (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.06 – 4.39). Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%. Keywords: Visual impairment; primary school children; Gurage Zone; Southern Ethiopia. 

scholarly journals Carriage Rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Primary School Children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Tefera ◽  
Feleke Mekonnen ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Teshome Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Invasive meningococcal disease has 70–80% mortality. Globally, 1.2 million estimated cases were reported with ~135,000 deaths annually. In African meningitis belt bacterial meningitis remains a serious threat to health accounting an estimated 500,000 cases of invasive meningococcal disease annually.In Ethiopia, specifically in our study area, limited information is found on the oropharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial resistance pattern and associated risk factors for N. meningitidis especially in school children. So, the aim of this study was to assess oropharyngeal carriage rate of N. meningitidis, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional prospective study was conducted from January-April, 2019 among primary school children. Multi stage simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using sterile plastic cotton swabs. Modified Thayer Martin media was used for primary inoculation. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was done on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. P ≤0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 53(10.1%) (CI: 7.6-12.8) N. meningitidis isolates were identified. Serogroup A 13 (24.5%) was the most prevalent followed by Y/W135 11(20.7%) whereas serogroup B 4(7.6%) was the least identified. Meningococcal isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (45.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.6%). Overall, most of meningococcal isolates showed high level of multidrug resistance with the rate of 32(60.4%). Meningococcal carriage rate was associated with family size, tonsillectomy, passive smoking, number of students per class, sharing utensils, history of visiting healthcare institutions and indoor kitchen. Conclusion Neisseria meningitidis prevalence in the present study was high. Serogroup A and W135/Y was the most prevalent isolate. High multidrug resistance pattern was observed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of impaired vision and associated factors among primary school children in primary schools of Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemisrach Hailu ◽  
Desta Hiko ◽  
Tamrat Shaweno
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Impaired Vision ◽  
Screening Programs

Abstract Background Visual impairment refers to reduction of vision resulting in a lower than normal visual acuity. Globally, approximately 1.3 billion adults and children live with some form of vision impairment. Visual impairment is usually asymptomatic, overlooked and affects school performance and other functions. School programs are recommended for early detection and timely interventions. In resource limited countries like Ethiopia, undetected visual impairment, lack of adequate and up-to-date information on the problem remain as huge gaps. Thus, we assessed the prevalence of visual impairment (VI), and the associated factors among children attending government primary schools of Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods This study was a s chool based cross-sectional study conducted from April to May 2019, using a two staged-cluster sampling method in Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From the total of 18 government primary schools in Lideta sub-city, 6 were selected using probability proportionate to size (PPS) method. The study population was primary school children aged 7 to 17 in the selected 6 primary schools. A total of 816 primary school children were included in the study. The selected children have undergone screening for the presence of visual impairment and other eye problems. Children’s parents/guardians were interviewed using structured pre-tested questionnaires. Epi-data3.1 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression was performed to check association between dependent and independent variables. Significance was set at p-value <0.05.Results A total of 773 children were examined for visual impairment. Out of the 773 children, 370 (47.9%) were males and 403(52.1) were females with age range 7 to 17 years and the mean age being 11.69 (SD 2.64). The prevalence of impaired vision among school based children was 4.4%. The causes of visual impairment included: Myopia (43%), Astigmatism with or without Amblyopia (31%), Hyperopia with or without Amblyopia (20%) and others. The students not being aware of eye problem (AOR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.08-4.35) was only significantly associated factor with visual impairment.Conclusion Visual impairment is a public health concern, the causes are treatable. Regular school screening programs and affordable treatment should be available.

scholarly journals Association of Dental Caries and Anthropometric Measures among Primary School Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Wajiha Anzar ◽  
Ambrina Qureshi ◽  
Ashar Afaq ◽  
Hiba F. Kattan ◽  
Basil Almutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Aim: This study aimed to investigate an association between dental caries status and anthropometric measures in primary school children. Methods and Materials: An analytical cross-sectional study (n = 376) was conducted among primary school children (age range = 6–9 years) registered in private schools. Non-clinical data was gathered from parents of participating children through a self-administered structured questionnaire as well as from the children through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Clinical data included the examination of dental caries using dmft/DMFT index and anthropometric measures including calculated z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ), and physical examination. Inferential statistics included Kruskal Wallis and linear regression for univariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Results: The proportion of dental caries in primary and secondary dentition was 67.6% and 8.2% respectively. A significant association was observed between dental caries status and HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ (p < 0.001). An inverse relation was found between low, medium, and high dental caries categories and anthropometric measures. Conclusions: In the primary dentition, dental caries were significantly and inversely related to weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age. Hence, it can be concluded that among the low-income population dental caries is associated with lower anthropometric outcomes in children and therefore caries management should be considered an approach impacting overall health and quality of life.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Pre-Primary School Children in a Central Indian District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 2300-2304
Author(s):  
Deepa Ajitkumar ◽  
Anand V. Deshpande ◽  
Jayshree Pradhan ◽  
Chitra Sunov
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children
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