Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa. Methods Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies. Result A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypothermia in East Africa was 34% (95%CI; 23.80–44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR= 1.53; 95%CI:1.30-1.77; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.465), cook food in living room (AOR= 1.47;95%CI:1.16-1.79; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR= 3.26; 95%CI:1.80-4.72; I 2 = 22.5% ;P=0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR= 2.41; 95%CI:2.00-2.81; I 2 = 51.4% ;P=0.055), Child history of ARTI(AOR= 2.62; 95%CI:1.68-3.56; I 2 = 11.7% ;P=0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia. Conclusions The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.

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Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five children in East Africa. Meta-analysis and systemic review

10.21203/rs.2.23594/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Biruk Beletew ◽

Melaku Getahun Bimrew ◽

Ayelign Mengesha Kasie ◽

Mesfin Kassaw Wudu ◽

Molla Azmeraw

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

The Impact ◽

National Prevalence

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa.Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa.Methods: Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies.Result: A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypothermia in East Africa was 34% (95%CI; 23.80–44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR= 1.53; 95%CI:1.30-1.77; I2= 0.0% ;P=0.465), cook food in living room (AOR= 1.47;95%CI:1.16-1.79; I2= 0.0% ;P=0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR= 3.26; 95%CI:1.80-4.72; I2= 22.5% ;P=0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR= 2.41; 95%CI:2.00-2.81; I2= 51.4% ;P=0.055), Child history of ARTI(AOR= 2.62; 95%CI:1.68-3.56; I2= 11.7% ;P=0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia.Conclusions: The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.

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Under-five anemia and its associated factors with dietary diversity, food security, stunted, and deworming in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-020-01289-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amare Belachew ◽

Tilahun Tewabe

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Food Security ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Under Five

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Lowest wealth quintiles predispose under-five children to stunting in Ethiopia: Updates of systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-58090/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Aschalew Afework ◽

Alemayehu Digssie ◽

Netsanet Fentahun ◽

Murat Açık ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background: Malnutrition remains as a major public health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries such as Ethiopia. The prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia has been decreased considerably from 58% in 2000 to 44% in 2011 and 38% in 2016. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the prevalence of stunting and its associations with wealth index among under-five children in Ethiopia. Methodology: The databases screened were PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, HINARI and grey literatures. The studies’ qualities were assessed by two reviewers independently, and any controversy was handled by other reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. In the statistical analysis, the funnel plot, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test were used to assess publication bias. The I2 statistic, forest plot, and Cochran’s Q test were used to deal with heterogeneity. Results: The pooled prevalence of stunting was 41.5% among under-five children, despite its considerable heterogeneity (I2=97.6%, p<0.001). However, the included studies had no publication bias in calculating the pooled prevalence (Egger’s test p=0.26; Begg’s test p=0.87). Children from households with a medium or low/poor wealth index had higher odds of stunting (AOR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.65 or AOR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.54, respectively) compared to children from households with a high/rich wealth index. Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of stunting is great. In the subgroup analysis, the Amhara region, followed by the Oromia region and then the Tigray region had the highest prevalence of stunting

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Prevalence and factors associated with malaria among under-five children in Ethiopia: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis Protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28903/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abay Woday ◽

Mulluken Dessalegn ◽

Setognal Birara ◽

Kusse Urmale

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background: The Sub-Saharan African countries have been carried 80% of the global burden of malaria. Consequently, malaria is still the leading cause of under-five mortality in developing nations. In Ethiopia, studies conducted regarding prevalence and associated factors of malaria among under five children are inconsistently reported and highly variable.Objective: to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of malaria among under five children in Ethiopia. Methods: The protocol for this review is registered at PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42020157886. A comprehensive search of the following electronic databases were made using: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, web science, HINARI, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and maternity & infant care databases as well as grey literature uploaded at Ethiopian Health Development Journal were searched until May 2020. The quality of studies will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among under five children in Ethiopia will be considered. Three reviewers will screen all retrieved articles, conduct data extraction, and then critically appraise all identified studies. The analysis of data will be done using STATA 14.0 statistical software. We will determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of malaria among under five children using random effect model with effect size and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity among the included studies will be assessed through the Cochrane Q-test statistics and I2 test. Furthermore, publication bias will be checked using funnel plot and egger’s test. Finally, statistical significance level will be declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Discussion: The result from this systematic review will inform and guide health policy planners and researchers on the burden, and determinants of under five children malaria in Ethiopia. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review in Ethiopia. We will synthesize the findings to generate up-to-date knowledge on malaria among under five children in Ethiopia.

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