scholarly journals Comparison between velocity‐specific exercise and isometric exercise on neck muscle functions and performance: a randomised clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon MH Tsang ◽  
Kenneth TK Chan ◽  
Parco LT Ho ◽  
Jacky CY Kwok ◽  
Daniel HT Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Muscle Functions

Abstract Background Evidence has shown that velocity-specific exercise results in additional benefits for peripheral joint muscles by promoting their functions, however, its effects on spinal muscles are yet to be investigated. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and effects of velocity-specific exercise compared to isometric exercise on cervical muscle functions and performance in healthy individuals. Methods Thirty healthy adults were randomised to practise either the velocity-specific exercise (VSE, n = 15) or isometric exercise (IE, n = 15) for 6 weeks. Functions and performance of the cervical extensors and flexors were assessed pre- and post-program, by analyzing the peak torque and electromyography during the isokinetic testing, and cross-sectional area of the deep cervical muscles at rest. The self-reported level of difficulty and post-exercise soreness during the exercise were recorded to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the two exercise programs. Results Both VSE and IE exercises resulted in significant improvement of the muscle functions and performance while there were no between-group differences at reassessment of the (a) cross-sectional area of longus colli and semispinalis capitis; (b) EMG amplitude in sternocleidomastoid and cervical erector spinae, and (c) peak torque values. Further analysis revealed that degree of correlation between extension torque and EMG amplitude of cervical erector spinae increased in both groups. However, significant correlation was found only in VSE group post-program. There were no significant differences for the level of difficulty and post-exercise soreness found between two groups. Conclusions Both velocity-specific and isometric exercises significantly promoted cervical muscle functions and performance. The present study confirms that velocity-specific exercise can be practised safely and it also contributes to a greater enhancement in neuromuscular efficiency of the cervical extensors. These findings indicate that the velocity-specific exercise can be considered as a safe alternative for training of the cervical muscles. Further study is recommended to examine its benefit and application for promoting the muscle functions and recovery in symptomatic individuals.

scholarly journals Comparison Between the Velocity-specific Exercise and Isometric Exercise on Neck Muscle Functions and Performance: A Randomised Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Man Ha Tsang ◽  
Kenneth TK Chan ◽  
Parco LT Ho ◽  
Jacky CY Kwok ◽  
Daniel HT Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Muscle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Muscle Functions

Abstract Background: Evidences showed that the additional benefits of velocity-specific exercise for improving functions of peripheral joint muscles. Its effects for spinal muscles is yet to be investigated. This study aimed to compare the effects of velocity-specific exercise to isometric exercise on cervical muscle functions and performance in healthy adults.Methods: Thirty healthy adults received either a 6-week velocity-specific (VSE, n=15) or isometric exercise program (IE, n=15) of their neck muscles. Cervical muscle functions and performance were assessed pre- and post-program, using isokinetic assessment, electromyography and cross-sectional area assessment of deep neck muscles. A self-reported level of difficulty and post-exercise soreness was also recorded during the program.Results: Both exercises programs showed significant increase in cross-sectional area of longus colli and semispinalis capitis; EMG amplitude in sternocleidomastoid and cervical erector spinae, and flexion and extension torque values, at reassessment, without between-groups difference. However, correlation between extension torque and EMG amplitude of cervical erector spinae increased in both groups and a significant correlation found in VSE group post-program. No significant differences found between groups on the self-reported scales.Conclusions: Both exercises promoted cervical muscle functions and performance significantly with velocity-specific exercise contributes to a greater enhancement of torque production efficiency of superficial neck muscles. This novel exercise may consider as a safe alternative for neck muscle rehabilitation. Further study to examine the effects of velocity-specific exercise in symptomatic individuals to unravel its potential application and benefit for promoting the functional recovery is recommended.

Prediction Models for the Erector Spinae Muscle Cross-Sectional Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celal Gungor ◽  
Ruoliang Tang ◽  
Richard F. Sesek ◽  
Kenneth Bo Foreman ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Erector Spinae Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mri Scans

Accurate and reliable “individualized” low back erector spinae muscle (ESM) data are of importance to estimate its force producing capacity. Knowing the force producing capacity, along with spinal loading, enhances the understanding of low back injury mechanisms. The objective of this study was to build regression models to estimate the ESM cross-sectional area (CSA). Measurements were taken from axial-oblique magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a large historical population [54 females and 53 males at L3/L4, 50 females and 44 males at L4/L5, and 41 females and 35 males at L5/S1 levels]. Results suggest that an individual's ESM CSA can be accurately estimated based on his/her gender, height, and weight. Results further show that there is no significant difference between the measured and estimated ESM CSAs, and expected absolute error is less than 15%.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Pruning and Rootstock on Growth and Performance of `Golden Delicious' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
M. Knee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
And Performance

`Smoothee Golden Delicious' apple trees on nine rootstocks or interstems were mechanically root pruned annually for 9 years beginning the year after planting. Root pruning reduced trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) by 14% over the first 5 years and 22% in the last 4 years of the trial. Yield and fruit size were reduced by root pruning in most years with the fruit size effect obvious in June at the end of cell division. Interstem trees of MAC.9/MM.106 were larger than trees on M.9 and the following interstems: M.9/MM.106, M.9/MM.111, M.27/MM.111. Trees on seedling (SDL) rootstock were the largest and had the lowest yield per unit TCA and lower cumulative yield/tree than trees on M.7, MM.106, and MM.1ll. There was no interaction for any measure of growth or yield between root pruning and rootstock or interstem.

Age-Related Differences in Hip Flexion Maximal and Rapid Strength and Rectus Femoris Muscle Size and Composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahalee C. Farrow ◽  
Ty B. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hip Flexion

This study aimed to examine the effects of age on hip flexion maximal and rapid strength and rectus femoris (RF) muscle size and composition in men. Fifteen young (25 [3] y) and 15 older (73 [4] y) men performed isometric hip flexion contractions to examine peak torque and absolute and normalized rate of torque development (RTD) at time intervals of 0 to 100 and 100 to 200 milliseconds. Ultrasonography was used to examine RF muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity. Peak torque, absolute RTD at 0 to 100 milliseconds, and absolute and normalized RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds were significantly lower (P = .004–.045) in the old compared with the young men. The older men exhibited lower cross-sectional area (P = .015) and higher echo intensity (P = .007) than the young men. Moreover, there were positive relationships between cross-sectional area and absolute RTD at 0 to 100 milliseconds (r = .400) and absolute RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = .450) and negative relationships between echo intensity and absolute RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = −.457) and normalized RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = −.373). These findings indicate that hip flexion maximal and rapid strength and RF muscle size and composition decrease in old age. The relationships observed between ultrasound-derived RF parameters and measurements of RTD suggest that these age-related declines in muscle size and composition may be relevant to hip flexion rapid torque production.

scholarly journals Peak torque per unit cross-sectional area differs between strength-trained and untrained young adults

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 397???403 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. CASTRO ◽  
DANIEL J. McCANN ◽  
JAMES D. SHAFFRATH ◽  
WILLIAM C. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The Effects of Spirulina Supplementation on Redox Status and Performance Following a Muscle Damaging Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Aggelos Pappas ◽  
Athanasios Tsiokanos ◽  
Ioannis Fatouros ◽  
Athanasios Poulios ◽  
Dimitris Kouretas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Performance

Spirulina plantensis is a popular supplement which has been shown to have antioxidant and performance enhancing properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirulina supplementation on (a) redox status (b) muscle performance and (c) muscle damage following an eccentric bout of exercise that would induce muscle damage. Twenty-four healthy, recreationally trained males participated in the study and were randomly separated into two groups: a spirulina supplementation (6 g per day) and a placebo group. Both groups performed an eccentric bout of exercise consisting of 5 sets and 15 maximum reps per set. Blood was collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the bout and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyls (PC) were assessed in plasma. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was also assessed at the same aforementioned time points. Eccentric peak torque (EPT) was evaluated immediately after exercise, as well as at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post exercise. Redox status indices (TAC and PC) did not change significantly at any time point post exercise. DOMS increased significantly 24 h post exercise and remained elevated until 72 h and 96 h post exercise for the placebo and spirulina group, respectively. EPT decreased significantly and immediately post exercise and remained significantly lower compared to baseline until 72 h post exercise. No significant differences between groups were found for DOMS and EPT. These results indicate that spirulina supplementation following a muscle damaging protocol does not confer beneficial effects on redox status, muscle performance or damage.

Relationship Between Calf Muscle Size and Strength after Achilles Rupture Repair

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leppilahti ◽  
S. Lähde ◽  
K. Forsman ◽  
J. Kangas ◽  
K. Kauranen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

The object was to study the relationships between calf muscle size and strength in 85 patients an average of 3.1 years after repair of achilles tendon rupture. The isokinetic calf muscle strength results were excellent or good for 73 % of the patients, whereas calf muscle size was normal in only 30 %. The average plantar flexion peak torque per unit muscle cross-sectional area was higher on the injured side than on the uninjured side. The average calf muscle cross-sectional area deficit was 15±9% (p<0.001) of that on the unaffected side, while the average plantar flexion peak torque deficit was speed-dependent, being 9±18%, 10±18 and 2±13% of that on the unaffected side at 30, 90, and 2407sec (p<0.001). The correlation between cross-sectional area and peak torque varied in the range 0.52–0.61 at 30, 90 and 2407sec (p<0.001).

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