Socio-demographic determinants of low sexual desire and hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a population-based study in Iran

Abstract Background Various socio-demographic factors have been introduced as the determinants of Low Sexual Desire (LSD), but whether these variables can also contribute to the Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), remains uncertain. In this study, we sought to identify the socio-demographic determinants of LSD and HSDD in Iranian women of reproductive age. Methods This was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 1000 married Iranian women of reproductive age (16–49 years) who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were chosen using the systematic random sampling method from all the healthcare centres in the city of Sari, Iran. LSD was defined as a score no higher than 33 on the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F). The sexually-related personal distress was considered as a score of at least 11.0 on the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), and HSDD was determined based on the sum of those scores. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and a chi-square test was run for data analysis using grouping variables. Multivariate logistic regression test was also employed to adjust the effect of confounding variables. Results The mean score of sexual interest/desire among women was 30.6 ± 10.5. After adjusting the effect of confounding variables, logistic regression showed that socio-demographic variables including age at first intercourse, length of marriage and the level of satisfaction with income were significantly associated with both LSD and HSDD (P < 0.01). While advancing age (P < 0.001) and body mass index (P < 0.01) were just predictors of LSD. Conclusion Some socio-demographic factors could predict LSD in women, while they were not associated with HSDD. In other words, some factors associated with LSD do not instigate sexually-related personal distress, which is one of the criteria necessary for the diagnosis of HSDD.

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Socio-demographic Determinants of Low Sexual Desire and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Population-based Study in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18574/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽

mina malary ◽

mahmood moosazadeh ◽

Soghra Khani ◽

mehdi Pourasghar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Interest ◽

Population Based ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ◽

Personal Distress ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Low Sexual Desire ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: Various socio-demographic factors have been introduced as the determinants of Low Sexual Desire (LSD), but whether these variables can also contribute to the Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), remains uncertain. In this study, we sought to identify the socio-demographic determinants of LSD and HSDD in Iranian women of reproductive age. Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 1000 married Iranian women of reproductive age (16-49 years) who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were chosen using the systematic random sampling method from all the healthcare centres in the city of Sari, Iran. LSD was defined as a score no higher than 33 on the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F). The sexually-related personal distress was considered as a score of at least 11.0 on the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), and HSDD was determined based on the sum of those scores. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and a chi-square test was run for data analysis using grouping variables. Multivariate logistic regression test was also employed to adjust the effect of confounding variables. Results: The mean score of sexual interest/desire among women was 30.6±10.5. After adjusting the effect of confounding variables, logistic regression showed that socio-demographic variables including age at first intercourse, length of marriage and the level of satisfaction with income were significantly associated with both LSD and HSDD (P<0.01). While advancing age (P<0.001) and body mass index (P<0.01) were just predictors of LSD. Conclusion: Some socio-demographic factors could predict LSD in women, while they were not associated with HSDD. In other words, some factors associated with LSD do not instigate sexually-related personal distress, which is one of the criteria necessary for the diagnosis of HSDD.

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Socio-demographic Determinants of Low Sexual Desire and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Population-based Study in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18574/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽

mina malary ◽

mahmood moosazadeh ◽

Soghra Khani ◽

mehdi Pourasghar

Keyword(s):

Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Interest ◽

Population Based ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ◽

Personal Distress ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Low Sexual Desire ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: Various socio-demographic factors have been introduced as determinants of low sexual desire (LSD), but whether these variables can also contribute to hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) remains uncertain. In this study, we sought to identify the socio-demographic determinants of LSD and HSDD in Iranian women of reproductive age. Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 1000 Iranian women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were chosen using the systematic random sampling method from all the healthcare centers in Sari, Iran. LSD was defined as a score no higher than 33 on the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F), sexually-related personal distress was considered as a score of at least 11.0 on the Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised (FSDS-R), and HSDD was determined based on the sum of these scores. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, while for analyzing grouped variables, Chi-squared test was run. Multivariate logistic regression test was also employed to adjust the effect of confounding variables. Results: The mean score of sexual interest/desire among women was 30.6±10.5. After adjusting for the effect of confounding variables (socio-demographic variables such as age, age at first intercourse, level of education, etc.), logistic regression showed that age at first intercourse, length of marriage, and the level of satisfaction with income were significantly associated with both LSD and HSDD (P<0.01). In addition, advancing age (P<0.001) and body mass index (P<0.01) were predictors of LSD alone. Conclusion: Some socio-demographic factors could predict LSD in women, while they were not associated with HSDD. In other words, some factors associated with LSD do not instigate personal distress, which is one of the criteria necessary for the diagnosis of HSDD.

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Socio-demographic Determinants of Low Sexual Desire and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Population-based Study in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18574/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽

Mina Malary ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽

Soghra Khani ◽

Mehdi Pourasghar

Keyword(s):

Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Interest ◽

Population Based ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ◽

Personal Distress ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Low Sexual Desire ◽

Desire Disorder

Abstract Background: Various socio-demographic factors are determinants of Low Sexual Desire (LSD), but whether these are the determinants of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) are unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Socio-demographic determinants of LSD and HSDD in Iranian women of reproductive age.Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 1000 Iranian women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who met the inclusion criteria and were chosen through systematic random sampling from all the healthcare centers in Sari, Iran. LSD was defined as a score no higher than 33 on the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F); sexually related personal distress was defined as a score of at least 11.0 on the Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised (FSDS-R); and HSDD was defined as a combination of these scores. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic characteristics while for analyzing grouped variables, chi-square test was applied. Multivariate regression test was also used to adjust the effect of confounding variables. Results: The mean score of sexual interest/desire among women who referred to healthcare centers in the city of Sari is estimated as 30.6±10.5. After adjusting the effect of the confounder variables by logistic regression multivariate analysis, the age at first intercourse, the length of time spent in marriage, and the level of satisfaction with income were variables significantly associated with LSD and HSDD (P < .01). Although increasing individual′s age (P < .001) and body mass index (P < .01) were predictors of LSD in women, HSDD was not statistically significant.Conclusion: There are some factors that are associated with LSD in women but are not related to HSDD. In other words, some factors associated with LSD do not cause personal distress which are one of the criteria necessary for HSDD.

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Factors influencing low sexual desire and sexual distress in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine ◽

10.18502/ijrm.v19i10.9823 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 909-920

Author(s):

Mina Malary ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽

Afsaneh Keramat ◽

Shadi Sabetghadam

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Interest ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Distress ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Distress Scale

Background: Sexual desire and sexual distress are determined by emotional, psychosocial, hormonal, and anatomical factors during pregnancy. Objective: To identify the factors contributing to female low sexual desire and sexual distress during pregnancy separately and concurrently. Materials and Methods: Overall, 295 pregnant women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Sexual desire and distress were assessed by the sexual interest and desire inventory-female (score ≤ 33.0 indicates low sexual desire) and the female sexual distress scale-revised (score ≥ 11 indicates sexual distress). Results: 56.3% and 17.3% of pregnant women met the clinical cut-off for low sexual desire and sexual distress, respectively. After adjusting for the effect of the confounding variables by logistic regression multivariate analysis, satisfaction with body image before and during pregnancy, frequency of sexual intercourse, and satisfaction with foreplay were found to be significantly associated with low sexual desire. Factors related to sexual distress were similar to those noted for common sexual desire, except for satisfaction with foreplay. Other factors related to sexual distress included increased age, fear of abortion, and pregnancy trimester. Factors linked to concurrent low sexual desire and sexual distress were similar to those found for sexual distress, except for pregnancy trimester. Conclusion: Low sexual desire and sexual distress are relatively common sexual experiences during pregnancy. Several factors could predict low sexual desire but were not associated with sexual distress, and conversely. Comprehensive attention to all of these factors is essential while screening for sexual health during pregnancy. Key words: Pregnancy, Sexual desire, Sexual distress, Sexual dysfunctions, Influencing factors.

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Reliability and Validity of the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory–Female (SIDI-F), a Scale Designed to Measure Severity of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy ◽

10.1080/00926230500442300 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 115-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Anita H. Clayton ◽

R. Taylor Segraves ◽

Sandra Leiblum ◽

Rosemary Basson ◽

Robert Pyke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Interest ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder ◽

Desire Disorder

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Intraindividual double burden of overweight or obesity and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia among women of reproductive age in 17 population-based surveys

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 468S-477S ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne M Williams ◽

Junjie Guo ◽

O Yaw Addo ◽

Sanober Ismaily ◽

Sorrel M L Namaste ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Micronutrient Deficiency ◽

High Income ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Burden ◽

Middle Income ◽

The Individual

ABSTRACT Background Rising prevalence of overweight/obesity (OWOB) alongside persistent micronutrient deficiencies suggests many women face concomitant OWOB and undernutrition. Objectives We aimed to 1) describe the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among nonpregnant women of reproductive age, defined as intraindividual OWOB and either ≥1 micronutrient deficiency [micronutrient deficiency index (MDI) > 0; DBM-MDI] or anemia (DBM-anemia); 2) test whether the components of the DBM were independent; and 3) identify factors associated with DBM-MDI and DBM-anemia. Methods With data from 17 national surveys spanning low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project (n = 419 to n = 9029), we tested independence of over- and undernutrition using the Rao–Scott chi-square test and examined predictors of the DBM and its components using logistic regression for each survey. Results Median DBM-MDI was 21.9% (range: 1.6%–39.2%); median DBM-anemia was 8.6% (range: 1.0%–18.6%). OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia were independent in most surveys. Where associations existed, OWOB was negatively associated with micronutrient deficiencies and anemia in LMICs. In 1 high-income country, OWOB women were more likely to experience micronutrient deficiencies and anemia. Age was consistently positively associated with OWOB and the DBM, whereas the associations with other sociodemographic characteristics varied. Higher socioeconomic status tended to be positively associated with OWOB and the DBM in LMICs, whereas in higher-income countries the association was reversed. Conclusions The independence of OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia within individuals suggests that these forms of over- and undernutrition may have unique etiologies. Decision-makers should still consider the prevalence, consequences, and etiology of the individual components of the DBM as programs move towards double-duty interventions aimed at addressing OWOB and undernutrition simultaneously.

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Factors Associated with Urinary Iodine Concentration among Women of Reproductive Age, 20–49 Years Old, in Tanzania: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Djibril M Ba ◽

Paddy Ssentongo ◽

Muzi Na ◽

Kristen H Kjerulff ◽

Guodong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

ABSTRACT Background Universal salt iodization (USI) is the most feasible and cost-effective, and equitable, approach to prevent iodine deficiency. Severe maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with serious adverse gestational and birth outcomes. Objectives The aim was to assess iodine status and identify independent factors associated with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Methods This was a weighted, population-based, cross-sectional study in 2985 women of reproductive age (20–49 y) in Tanzania who participated in the Demographic and Health Surveys in 2015–2016 (DHS 2015–2016) and had measured UIC. Multivariable generalized linear regression was used to identify potential factors that were associated with UIC. Results The median UICs among women consuming inadequately iodized salt (93.6 μg/L; 25th and 75th percentiles: 43.1, 197.9 μg/L) and women in the lowest socioeconomic status (92.3 μg/L; 45.6, 194.4 μg/L) were below the WHO-recommended ranges (≥150 μg/L for pregnant women and ≥100 μg/L for nonpregnant women). The results of multivariable models indicated that pregnant women had 1.21 μg/L lower UIC than nonpregnant women (β = −1.21; 95% CI: −3.42, −0.12), breastfeeding women had 1.02 μg/L lower UIC than nonbreastfeeding women (β = −1.02; 95% CI: −2.25, −0.27), and women with no education had a 1.88 μg/L lower UIC compared with those with secondary/highest education (β = −1.88; 95% CI: −4.58, −0.36). Women consuming inadequately iodized salt had 6.55 μg/L lower UIC than those consuming adequately iodized salt (β = −6.55; 95% CI: −9.24, −4.33). The median UIC varied substantially across geographic zones, ranging from 83.2 μg/L (45.9, 165.3) in the Western region to 347.8 μg/L (185.0, 479.8) in the Eastern region. Conclusions Our findings indicated a great heterogeneity in median UIC across regions of Tanzania among women of reproductive age. Poverty, consuming inadequately iodized salt, and lack of education appeared to be the driving factors for lower UIC in Tanzania.

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