The anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the phenanthrene fraction from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata

Abstract Background Bletilla striata was the main medicine of many skin whitening classic formulas in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and was widely used in cosmetic industry recently. However, its active ingredient was still unclear and its fibrous roots were not used effectively. The aim of the present study was to discover and identify its potential anti-melanogenic active constituents by zebrafish model and molecular docking. Methods The antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The anti-melanogenic activity was assessed by tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and melanin inhibitory in zebrafish. The chemical profiles were performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Meanwhile, the potential anti-melanogenic active constituents were temporary identified by molecular docking. Results The 95% ethanol extract of B. striata fibrous roots (EFB) possesses the strongest DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and tyrosinase inhibition activity, with IC50 5.94 mg/L, 11.69 mg/L, 6.92 mmol FeSO4/g, and 58.92 mg/L, respectively. In addition, EFB and 95% ethanol extract of B. striata tuber (ETB) can significantly reduce the melanin synthesis of zebrafish embryos in dose-dependent manner. 39 chemical compositions, including 24 stilbenoids were tentatively identified from EFB and ETB. Molecular docking indicated that there were 83 (including 60 stilbenoids) and 85 (including 70 stilbenoids) compounds exhibit stronger binding affinities toward tyrosinase and adenylate cyclase. Conclusion The present findings supported the rationale for the use of EFB and ETB as natural skin-whitening agents in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

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Discovery and identification of potential anti-melanogenic active constituents of Bletilla striata by zebrafish model and molecular docking

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03492-y ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yiyuan Luo ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Shuo Li ◽

Yue Wu ◽

Zhirui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Bletilla Striata ◽

Skin Whitening ◽

Active Constituents ◽

Fibrous Roots

Abstract Background Bletilla striata is the main medicine of many skin whitening classic formulas in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is widely used in cosmetic industry recently. However, its active ingredients are still unclear and its fibrous roots are not used effectively. The aim of the present study is to discover and identify its potential anti-melanogenic active constituents by zebrafish model and molecular docking. Methods The antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The anti-melanogenic activity was assessed by tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and melanin inhibitory in zebrafish. The chemical profiles were performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Meanwhile, the potential anti-melanogenic active constituents were temporary identified by molecular docking. Results The 95% ethanol extract of B. striata fibrous roots (EFB) possessed the strongest DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, with IC50 5.94 mg/L, 11.69 mg/L, 6.92 mmol FeSO4/g, and 58.92 mg/L, respectively. In addition, EFB and 95% ethanol extract of B. striata tuber (ETB) significantly reduced the melanin synthesis of zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner. 39 chemical compositions, including 24 stilbenoids were tentatively identified from EFB and ETB. Molecular docking indicated that there were 83 (including 60 stilbenoids) and 85 (including 70 stilbenoids) compounds exhibited stronger binding affinities toward tyrosinase and adenylate cyclase. Conclusion The present findings supported the rationale for the use of EFB and ETB as natural skin-whitening agents in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

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The Antibacterial Properties of 4, 8, 4′, 8′-Tetramethoxy (1,1′-biphenanthrene) -2,7,2′,7′-Tetrol from Fibrous Roots of Bletilla striata

Indian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s12088-021-00932-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 195-202

Author(s):

Xue-Jiao Huang ◽

Nan Xiong ◽

Bo-Chen Chen ◽

Fan Luo ◽

Min Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Bletilla Striata ◽

Fibrous Roots

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Antibacterial Biphenanthrenes from the Fibrous Roots of Bletilla striata

Journal of Natural Products ◽

10.1021/np501012n ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 939-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Chao-Dong Qian ◽

Fu-Sheng Jiang ◽

Hang-Su Yu ◽

Yong Shen ◽

Yu-Hang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bletilla Striata ◽

Fibrous Roots

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Cytochemical Studies of Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus Aureus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094905 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

Masaatsu Koike ◽

Koichi Nakashima ◽

Kyoko Iida

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Periodate Oxidation ◽

Early Time ◽

The Other ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽

Septal Wall ◽

Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Cross Linkage

Penicillin exerts the activity to inhibit the peptide cross linkage between each polysaccharide backbone at the final stage of wall-peptidoglycan biosynthesis of bacteria. Morphologically, alterations of the septal wall and mesosome in gram-positive bacteria, which were occurred in early time after treatment with penicillin, have been observed. In this experiment, these alterations were cytochemically investigated by means of silver-methenamine staining after periodate oxidation, which is applied for detection of localization of wall mucopolysaccharide.Staphylococcus aureus strain 209P treated with 100 u/ml of penicillin G was divided into two aliquotes. One was fixed by Kellenberger-Ryter's OSO4 fixative at 30, 60 and 120 min after addition of the antibiotic, dehydrated through alcohol series, and embedded in Epon 812 (Specimen A). The other was fixed by 21 glutaraldehyde, dehydrated through glycolmethacrylate series and embedded in glycolmethacrylate mixture, according to Bernhard's method (Specimen B).

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Gold labeling of teichoic acid on adjacent surfaces of staphylococcus aureus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160443 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 578-579

Author(s):

Margaret Hukee

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Teichoic Acid ◽

Protein Labeling ◽

Minimal Amount ◽

Section Thickness ◽

Double Labeling ◽

Parallel Surfaces ◽

Supporting Membrane

Gold labeling of two antigens (double labeling) is often done on two section surfaces separated by section thickness. Whether labeling is done on both sides of the same section or on two parallel surfaces separated by section thickness (PSSST), comparable results are dependent on an equal number of epitopes being exposed at each surface. We propose a method to study protein labeling within the same field of proteins, by examining two directly adjacent surfaces that were split during sectioning. The number of labeling sites on adjacent surfaces (AS) were compared to sites on PSSST surfaces in individual bacteria.Since each bacteria needed to be recognizable in all three section surfaces, one-hole grids were used for labeling. One-hole grids require a supporting membrane and excessive handling during labeling often ruptures the membrane. To minimize handling, a labeling chamber was designed that is inexpensive, disposable, minimizes contamination, and uses a minimal amount of solution.

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