scholarly journals Critical comparative analysis of data sources toward understanding referral during pregnancy and childbirth: three perspectives from Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Radovich ◽  
Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas ◽  
Oona M. R. Campbell ◽  
Michael Ezeanochie ◽  
Uchenna Gwacham-Anisiobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Referral Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Obstetric Referral

Abstract Background The highest risk of maternal and perinatal deaths occurs during and shortly after childbirth and is preventable if functional referral systems enable women to reach appropriate health services when obstetric complications occur. Rising numbers of deliveries in health facilities, including in high mortality settings like Nigeria, require formalised coordination across the health system to ensure that women and newborns get to the right level of care, at the right time. This study describes and critically assesses the extent to which referral and its components can be captured using three different data sources from Nigeria, examining issues of data quality, validity, and usefulness for improving and monitoring obstetric care systems. Methods The study included three data sources on referral for childbirth care in Nigeria: a nationally representative household survey, patient records from multiple facilities in a state, and patient records from the apex referral facility in a city. We conducted descriptive analyses of the extent to which referral status and components were captured across the three sources. We also iteratively developed a visual conceptual framework to guide our critical comparative analysis. Results We found large differences in the proportion of women referred, and this reflected the different denominators and timings of the referral in each data source. Between 16 and 34% of referrals in the three sources originated in government hospitals, and lateral referrals (origin and destination facility of the same level) were observed in all three data sources. We found large gaps in the coverage of key components of referral as well as data gaps where this information was not routinely captured in facility-based sources. Conclusions Our analyses illustrated different perspectives from the national- to facility-level in the capture of the extent and components of obstetric referral. By triangulating across multiple data sources, we revealed the strengths and gaps within each approach in building a more complete picture of obstetric referral. We see our visual framework as assisting further research efforts to ensure all referral pathways are captured in order to better monitor and improve referral systems for women and newborns.

The right to life: A comparative analysis of the relevant norms of the Constitutions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the right to life belongs to the basic constitutional human rights, therefore, its observance and protection is the duty of the state. Despite its undeniable importance, today the right to life anywhere in the world is not really ensured in sufficient quantities. The constitutional consolidation of the right to life raises a number of issues related to the concept, nature, legislative and practical implementation of this right. It should be noted that various aspects of the human right to life were considered in the scientific works of G.B. Romanovsky, O.G. Selikhova, T.M. Fomichenko, A.B. Borisova, V.A. Ershov and other Russian authors. The aim of the study is to study and comparative analysis of the legal content of the constitutional norm that defines the right to life, to comprehend and identify possible problems of the implementation of this right. To achieve this goal, this article discusses relevant issues of ensuring the right to life, proclaimed by Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 27 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. The results of a comparative analysis of these constitutional norms and the relevant norms of industry law allow us to determine, that there is no contradiction between Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which imply the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, because a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty in the Russian Federation since April 16, 1997. However, after the abolition of the death penalty in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1998, there was a discrepancy between parts II and III of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan Republic that requires the introduction of the necessary changes in the content of the analyzed constitutional norm. The value of the work is determined by the fact that the introduction of appropriate changes will contribute to the further improvement of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the effective implementation of the right to life of everyone.

Valid Signature Detection and Verification for Security of Individual Person

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Narpat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
Signature Detection ◽  
Online Signature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Handwritten Signature

In the recent research work, the handwritten signature is a suitable field to detection of valid signature from different environment such online signature and offline signature. In early research work, a lot of unauthorized person put the signature and theft the data in illegal manner from organization or industries. So we have to need identify, the right person on the basis of various parameters that can be detected. In this paper, we have proposed two methods namely LDA and Neural Network for the offline signature from the scan signature image. For efficient research, we have focused the comparative analysis in terms of FRR, SSIM, MSE, and PSNR. These parameters are compared with the early work and the recent work. Our proposed work is more effective and provides the suitable result through our method which leads to existing work. Our method will help to find legal signature of authorized use for security and avoid illegal work.

COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN HOUSING RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тамерлан Шайх-Магомедович Едреев
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Housing Rights ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The Right

Каждый имеет право на жилище. Никто не может быть произвольно лишен жилища. В статье проанализированы особенности реализации универсального права человека на жилище в отдельных странах (на примере Нидерландов и ЮАР), принадлежащих к разным правовым семьям. Everyone has the right to housing. No one can be arbitrarily deprived of their home. The article analyzes the features of the implementation of the universal human right to housing in individual countries (on the example of the Netherlands and South Africa) belonging to different legal families.

EdgeDIPN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-328
Author(s):  
Long Guo ◽  
Lifeng Hua ◽  
Rongfei Jia ◽  
Fei Fang ◽  
Binqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
User Intent ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Intent Prediction ◽  
The Right

With the rapid growth of e-commerce in recent years, e-commerce platforms are becoming a primary place for people to find, compare and ultimately purchase products. To improve online shopping experience for consumers and increase sales for sellers, it is important to understand user intent accurately and be notified of its change timely. In this way, the right information could be offered to the right person at the right time. To achieve this goal, we propose a unified deep intent prediction network, named EdgeDIPN, which is deployed at the edge, i.e., mobile device, and able to monitor multiple user intent with different granularity simultaneously in real-time. We propose to train EdgeDIPN with multi-task learning, by which EdgeDIPN can share representations between different tasks for better performance and saving edge resources in the meantime. In particular, we propose a novel task-specific attention mechanism which enables different tasks to pick out the most relevant features from different data sources. To extract the shared representations more effectively, we utilize two kinds of attention mechanisms, where the multi-level attention mechanism tries to identify the important actions within each data source and the inter-view attention mechanism learns the interactions between different data sources. In the experiments conducted on a large-scale industrial dataset, EdgeDIPN significantly outperforms the baseline solutions. Moreover, EdgeDIPN has been deployed in the operational system of Alibaba. Online A/B testing results in several business scenarios reveal the potential of monitoring user intent in real-time. To the best of our knowledge, EdgeDIPN is the first full-fledged real-time user intent understanding center deployed at the edge and serving hundreds of millions of users in a large-scale e-commerce platform.

Features of the vacation of a remote employee: a note to the accountant of a medical institution

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
V.A. Lebedev ◽  
E.I. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Remote Workers ◽  
The Right

A comparative analysis of the latest changes in labor legislation concerning the implementation of the right to leave by remote workers is carried out. The article considers the legal differentiation of the norms on vacation of remote workers who perform remote work in accordance with the employment contract on a permanent basis, and remote workers who perform remote work temporarily. The complex issues of the application of labor legislation to remote relations and the applied models of vacation regulation are considered; restrictions that cannot worsen the situation of a remote worker, deprive him of constitutional guarantees, or restrict his right to rest.

scholarly journals Childhood malnutrition is associated with maternal care during pregnancy and childbirth: a cross-sectional study in Bauchi and Cross River States, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candyce Hamel ◽  
Joseph Enne ◽  
Khalid Omer ◽  
Ndem Ayara ◽  
Yahaya Yarima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Potential Link

<em>Background</em>. Malnutrition remains an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality; the levels of childhood malnutrition in Nigeria are among the highest in the world. The literature supports many direct and indirect causes of malnutrition, but few studies have examined the link between maternal care during pregnancy and childbirth and childhood malnutrition. This study examines this potential link in Bauchi and Cross River states in Nigeria. <br /><em>Design and methods.</em> In 2011, a household survey collected information about children under four years old and their mothers’ last pregnancy. Trained fieldworkers measured mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of children aged 6-47 months. We examined associations with childhood malnutrition in bivariate and multivariate analysis. <br /><em>Results</em>. Some 4.4% of 3643 children in Cross River, and 14.7% of 2706 in Bauchi were malnourished (MUAC z-score). In both states, a child whose mother had fewer than four government antenatal care visits was more likely to be malnourished (Cross River: OR 1.85, 95%CIca 1.33-2.55; Bauchi: OR 1.29, 95%CIca 1.02-1.63). In Bauchi, a child whose mother who rarely or never discussed pregnancy and childbirth with her husband (OR 1.34, 95%CIca 1.07-1.68), and who did not have her last delivery attended by a skilled health worker was more likely to be malnourished (OR 1.50, 95%CIca 1.09-2.07). <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. These findings, if confirmed in other studies, suggest that poor care of women in pregnancy and childbirth could pose a longer term risk to the health of the child, as well as increasing immediate risks for both mother and child.

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