Histopathological lesions in reproductive organs, distal spinal cord and peripheral nerves of horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum

The reversible conduction block produced by maintained mechanical pressure around small segments of spinal cord, nerve root or peripheral nerve (dog) is due to mechanical deformation of the neuronal tissue and not to lack of O2. The compressed segment, although ischemic, is not anoxic; O2 from adjacent nonischemic tissue reaches it, presumably by diffusion. The entire pattern of modification of neuronal responses by compression and the postdecompression recovery pattern are distinctly different from the patterns observed during anoxia and recovery from the latter, indicating the difference in mechanisms by which mechanical deformation and O2 lack block conduction. The largest fibers in dorsal columns, roots and peripheral nerves are most susceptible to pressure and the smallest ones are relatively most resistant. Secondary neurons are less vulnerable than the primary afferent ones to light and moderate, but suprasystolic, circumferential spinal cord pressure. All components of the composite spinal cord potential are blocked at about the same time by larger compressive forces. Anoxia, on the other hand, always inactivates secondary neurons before dorsal column fibers and blocks smaller A fibers in peripheral nerves before the larger ones. The latency for complete blocking in each neuronal structure is specific and irreducible in the case of anoxia, whereas in compression it varies over a wide range, depending upon the magnitude of the compressive force.

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Upper Limb Rehabilitation System for Self-Supervised Therapy: Computer-Aided Daily Performance Evaluation for the Trauma and Disorder in the Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Rehabilitation Robotics ◽

10.5772/5172 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Kengo Ohnishi ◽

Keiji Imado ◽

Yukio Saito ◽

Hiroomi Miyagaw

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Performance Evaluation ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation System ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Limb Rehabilitation

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EXPERIENCES WITH THE MANAGEMENT OF PLEXIFORM NEUROFIBROMA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.24.3.482 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 482-488

Author(s):

Charles L. Minor ◽

C. Everett Koop

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Plexiform Neurofibroma ◽

Long Time ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord ◽

The Brain

Plexiform neurofibroma is a relatively uncommon manifestation of diffuse neurofibromatosis and is characterized by its unique gross appearance. Because of its tendency to involve peripheral nerves centripetally it must be vigorously treated surgically to prevent damage to vital areas, notably the brain and spinal cord, although the tumor is basically benign. We have presented our experience with 11 children who had this disease, demonstrating that despite the propensity for the growth to crop up in several areas it can be eradicated locally, and the patient may have no further trouble for a long time. We believe that resectable lesions should be removed even though this may require repeated operations over a period of several years.

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P.059 Brachial plexus enhancement in acute flaccid myelitis: A novel radiographic finding

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2019.159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (s1) ◽

pp. S30

Author(s):

SC Hammond ◽

M Almomen ◽

A Mineyko ◽

A Pauranik

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Radiographic Finding ◽

Mri Imaging ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽

History Of ◽

The Brain

Background: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a condition which causes acute paralysis in pediatric patients. Although awareness of AFM is increasing, the pathophysiology and full spectrum of clinical, biochemical, and radiographic features remain to be fully elucidated. Methods: We report a 5 year-old, previously healthy, male patient who presented with acute right upper extremity weakness following a two day history of fever, cough, and fatigue. The patient underwent extensive inflammatory and infectious workup in addition to MRI imaging of the brain, spinal cord, and bilateral brachial plexuses. Results: Infectious and inflammatory workup did not identify a causative agent. The patient was seen to have bilateral asymmetric (R>L) thickening and enhancement of the anterior horn cells of his cervical (C3-C7) spine, consistent with the spinal grey matter lesions previously described in patients with AFM. Enhancement of the corresponding anterior nerve rootlets and bilateral brachial plexuses was also seen. Conclusions: Patients with acute flaccid myelitis may demonstrate grey matter enhancement extending beyond the spinal cord to the peripheral nerves and plexuses, a radiographic finding which has not previously been published.

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Spinal Cord (Including Multiple Sclerosis) and Peripheral Nerves

Hughes Syndrome: The Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽

10.1007/978-0-85729-739-6_8 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Graham Hughes ◽

Shirish Sangle

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Peripheral Nerves

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Changes in antidromic discharges in peripheral nerves during polarization of the cat spinal cord by a steady current

Neurophysiology ◽

10.1007/bf01058738 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 290-294

Author(s):

M. P. Motsnyi ◽

O. A. Shugurov ◽

O. O. Shugurov

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Steady Current

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Normal anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves

10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0220 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Steve Casha ◽

Philippe Mercier

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

The Body ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

Sensory Afferents ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Sacral Spine

The spinal cord and peripheral nerves carry motor and autonomic efferents, as well as sensory afferents connecting the cerebrum with the body. Efferent and afferent fibres form predictable tracts within the spinal cord, forming spinal nerves as they exit the spinal canal. Peripheral nerves are often formed from complicated plexuses of spinal nerves in the cervical, lumbar, and sacral spine. Dermatomes are formed from spinal nerves that innervate specific areas of skin, while myotomes innervate a specific set of muscles. The detailed anatomy of these structures are discussed. Knowledge of the anatomy of these structures is relevant to many clinical situations encountered in the intensive care unit especially with caring for neurological, neurosurgical, orthopaedic, and trauma patients.

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ML-05 A CASE OF NEUROLYMPHOMATOSIS ARISED SECONDARILY FROM PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdz039.148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii33-ii33

Author(s):

Keishi Horiguchi ◽

Hirofumi Asano ◽

Tadashi Osawa ◽

Masahiko Tosaka ◽

Yuhei Yoshimoto

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Intrathecal Injection ◽

Cranial Nerves ◽

Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽

High Dose ◽

Whole Brain Irradiation

Abstract A woman in her 40s. A biopsy of multiple intracranial lesions was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with DLBCL. As an initial treatment, 6 courses of high dose MTX therapy were performed and CR was achieved. Radiation therapy was not desired by the patient. On the 19th month after initial treatment, tumor recurrence was confirmed by MRI and added 2 courses of HD-MTX. On the 23rd month, second recurrence around the left basal ganglia were observed. One additional course of HD-MTX was performed, but due to the appearance of renal damage that was thought to be acute tubular necrosis, additional HD-MTX was not performed and whole brain irradiation was performed. She began complaining of pain in the trunk and extremities during radiation. When MRI and FDG-PET were performed in the 25th month, multiple lesions were found in the ganglia, plexus, and peripheral nerves from the cervical spinal cord to the sacral spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology revealed atypical lymphocytes and lymphoma dissemination in the spinal cord. When intrathecal administration of the anticancer agent was performed nine times weekly, the CSF cytology was negative. Imaging findings showed that the lesions relapsed, although the lesions were temporarily reduced. After confirming that the renal function had recovered, two additional courses of HD-MTX were performed. Accumulation of FDG-PET in the lesion disappeared in the 29th month. However, peripheral neuropathic pain and paraplegia remained. Discussion: Neurolymphomatosis is considered to be a clinically rare disease that presents invasion of lymphoma into peripheral nerves including the cranial nerves, nerve roots or plexus. Diagnosis of NL has been required to be proved by nerve biopsy or autopsy, but noninvasive FDG-PET has been reported to be effective. In this case, CR was not obtained with anticancer drug intrathecal injection, and HD-MTX therapy was successful.

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