Imaging and pathological findings of intramedullary inflammatory pseudotumour in a miniature dachshund: a case report

Abstract Background Inflammatory pseudotumours (IPTs) are distinctive lesions consisting of myofibroblastic spindle cells and a variety of inflammatory cells. The aetiology of IPTs is unknown. Reports of IPTs in veterinary medicine have been scarse. Moreover, only one case of intradural extramedullary IPT has been previously reported. In this report, we introduce the first known case of canine IPT, which occurred in the parenchyma of the spinal cord. Case presentation A 10-year-old female Miniature Dachshund presented with a 2-month-long history of progressively worsening ataxia and tetraparesis. Neurological examination was consistent with a lesion involving the cervical spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural space-occupying lesion in the region of the fourth cervical vertebra. Dorsal laminectomy and resection of the mass were performed. Histopathological examination revealed the proliferation of immature spindle cells (fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and glial cells) and a highly cellular mixture of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytic cells. The mass was located in the parenchyma of the spinal cord and was diagnosed as an IPT occurring in the parenchyma of the spinal cord. No causative pathogen was detected. The dog’s symptoms improved, during the first month after surgery. However, neurological symptoms, such as laboured breathing and dysuria, subsequently worsened and the dog died 42 days after surgery. Conclusions The present study describes a canine case of IPT occurring in the parenchyma of the spinal cord. The diagnosis and determination of the site of the mass was difficult solely based on preoperative imaging in the present case. The outcome of this case was poorer than that observed in cases of canine extramedullary IPT and human intramedullary IPT, in which the patients exhibited recovery. The prognosis after surgical resection cannot be decided from the present case alone. However, patients should be monitored for potential serious complications and recurrence.

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Schistosomal Cervical Myelopathy

Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia Brazilian Neurosurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661356 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (02) ◽

pp. 151-153

Author(s):

Ronald Farias ◽

Kléver Oliveira ◽

George Mendes ◽

Ussânio Meira

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Cord ◽

Illustrative Case ◽

Mild Reduction ◽

History Of ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractSchistosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by trematode platyhelminths of the genus Schistosoma. The involvement of the cervical spinal cord is rare, with few cases reported in the literature. The management of such patients is particularly challenging, since clinical and radiological findings may be confounded with other inflammatory diseases and/ or spinal cord tumors. We describe a 20-year old male with a history of swimming outdoors. He first presented pain in the back of the neck extending to shoulders and upper limbs paresis associated with four limbs hyperreflexia. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hypointense T1-weighted lesion in the cervical spinal cord, which was hyperintense on T2 images. The serologic testing was negative for schistosomiasis. A cervical cord biopsy at the C5-C6 level showed Schistosoma eggs in the histopathological examination. The treatment was performed using a single dose of praziquantel 50 mg/kg, with prednisone 40 mg/day for 3 weeks. On the follow-up, 1 year later, the patient presented mild reduction of the vibratory sensitivity in the distal third of both legs. Our illustrative case strengthens that, in endemic regions, Schistosoma mansoni infestation should be included in the differential diagnosis of intramedullary expansive lesions.

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A midline posterior approach for treatment of os odontoideum via atlantoaxial reduction, bone graft fusion, and internal fixation

Neurosurgical Focus: Video ◽

10.3171/2020.1.focusvid.19723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. V2

Author(s):

Lei Zhao ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Weixin Li

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Posterior Approach ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Vertebra ◽

High Signal Intensity ◽

Os Odontoideum ◽

High Signal ◽

X Ray ◽

History Of ◽

High Signal Intensity Area

Os odontoideum is a rare anomaly of the second cervical vertebra, which can result in the compression and injury of cervical spinal cord. This deformity is surgically challenging. The authors presented a case of a 50-year-old man with a 2-year history of numbness and weakness in four limbs. The x-ray suggested the os odontoideum. MRI demonstrated a dramatic compression of the cervical spinal cord and an abnormally high signal intensity area in this region. The patient underwent a midline posterior approach for the treatment of this lesion. Postoperatively, the reduction results were satisfactory and the compression was relieved.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/3qDzR2kOz8k.

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Lacrosse Equipment and Cervical Spinal Cord Space During Immobilization: Preliminary Analysis

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-45.1.39 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michael Higgins ◽

Ryan T. Tierney ◽

Jeffrey B. Driban ◽

Steven Edell ◽

Randall Watkins

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spine ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Spine Injury ◽

Imaging Center ◽

Mri Scans ◽

History Of ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Cervical Spine Alignment

Abstract Context: Removal of the lacrosse helmet to achieve airway access has been discouraged based only on research in which cervical alignment was examined. No researchers have examined the effect of lacrosse equipment on the cervical space available for the spinal cord (SAC). Objective: To determine the effect of lacrosse equipment on the cervical SAC and cervical-thoracic angle (CTA) in the immobilized athlete. Design: Observational study. Setting: Outpatient imaging center. Patients or Other Participants: Ten volunteer lacrosse athletes (age = 20.7 ± 1.87 years, height = 180.3 ± 8.3 cm, mass = 91 ± 12.8 kg) with no history of cervical spine injury or disease and no contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intervention(s): The lacrosse players were positioned supine on a spine board for all test conditions. An MRI scan was completed for each condition. Main Outcome Measure(s): The independent variables were condition (no equipment, shoulder pads only [SP], and full gear that included helmet and shoulder pads [FG]), and cervical spine level (C3–C7). The dependent variables were the SAC and CTA. The MRI scans were evaluated midsagittally. The average of 3 measures was used as the criterion variable. The SAC data were analyzed using a 3 × 5 analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. The CTA data were analyzed with a 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: We found no equipment × level interaction effect (F3.7,72 = 1.34, P = .279) or equipment main effect (F2,18 = 1.20, P = .325) for the SAC (no equipment = 5.04 ± 1.44 mm, SP = 4.69 ± 1.36 mm, FG = 4.62 ± 1.38 mm). The CTA was greater (ie, more extension; critical P = .0167) during the SP (32.64° ± 3.9°) condition than during the no-equipment (25.34° ± 2.3°; t9 = 7.67, P = .001) or FG (26.81° ± 5.1°; t9 = 4.80, P = .001) condition. Conclusions: Immobilizing healthy lacrosse athletes with shoulder pads and no helmets affected cervical spine alignment but did not affect SAC. Further research is needed to determine and identify appropriate care of the lacrosse athlete with a spine injury.

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A feather cyst causing vertebral bone lysis and spinal cord compression in a Lohmann Brown layer

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v91i0.1758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

Author(s):

Alaster Samkange ◽

Borden Mushonga ◽

Erick Kandiwa ◽

Alec S. Bishi ◽

Basiamisi V.E. Segwagwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Vertebra ◽

Cord Compression ◽

Cervical Region ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

Spinal Cord Segment ◽

Normal Diameter ◽

Bone Lysis ◽

Exerted Pressure

A feather cyst in the cervical region which, through complications of inward growth, resulted in compression of the cervical spinal cord of a Lohmann Brown layer is described. It is postulated that expansion of the cyst exerted pressure on the adjacent cervical vertebra and through bone lysis created an opening through which the cyst protruded, thereby exerting pressure on the spinal cord. The affected spinal cord segment was reduced to a fifth of its normal diameter. The bird most likely died of starvation because of limb and neck paralysis and disorientation. Although the cause of the feather cyst was not conclusively identified, moulting and trauma could have triggered its formation and subsequent growth.

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Behavioral and histopathological studies of cervical spinal cord contusion injury in rats caused by an adapted weight-drop device

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.1515/abm-2019-0019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 189-198

Author(s):

Kanyaratana Bamrungsuk ◽

Anchalee Vattarakorn ◽

Namphung Thongta ◽

Kanokwan Tilokskulchai ◽

Sompol Tapechum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Vertebra ◽

Thoracic Injury ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Behavioral Deficits ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Sh Group ◽

Weight Drop ◽

Histopathological Studies

AbstractBackgroundModels of spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by weight-drop devices to cause contusion have been used extensively, and transient behavioral deficits after thoracic injury have been demonstrated. The severity of the injury caused by the device should be mild enough to allow recovery.ObjectiveTo determine whether our adapted weight-drop device with a small tip can effectively induce mild hemicontusion at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra.MethodsWe divided 15 adult male Sprague Dawley rats into groups of 5 for the following treatments: sham (SH, laminectomy only), mild (MSCI) or severe SCI (SSCI). Behavioral tests and histopathology were used before (day 1) and after the treatment on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 to assess the injury.ResultsRats with SSCI showed a significant somatosensory deficit on days 3 and 7 compared with rats in the SH group, recovering by day 14. In a horizontal-ladder test of skilled locomotion, rats with SSCI showed a significant increase in error scores and percentage of total rungs used, and a decrease in the percentage of correct paw placement compared with rats in the SH group. There was greater recovery to normal paw placement by rats with MSCI than by rats with SSCI. These behavioral deficits were consistent with histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin counterstained Luxol fast blue, indicating the degree of injury and lesion area.ConclusionsMild hemicontusion caused by the adapted device can be used to evaluate SCI and provides a model with which to test the efficacy of translational therapies for SCI.

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A study the burden of carcinoma gall bladder in Hamidia hospital of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 570

Author(s):

Vijay Kumar Tekam

Keyword(s):

Gall Bladder ◽

Gallbladder Carcinoma ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

Preoperative Imaging ◽

Good Survival ◽

Recent Onset ◽

Constant Pain ◽

History Of ◽

The Right

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma is not an uncommon clinical entity in the Indian scenario, unlike western countries. It is predominantly a disease of females. Therefore, a female especially in forties and fifties with a history of recent onset of constant pain in the right hypochondrium or change in the character of pain should be thoroughly evaluated. Though the association between gallstones and Gallbladder carcinoma is strong. Therefore, every gallbladder should be subjected to routine histopathological examination because with identification of an early gallbladder carcinoma a curative resection may be possible, and these patients have a good survival rate.Methods: This study is comprising of all patient consecutively admitted for Gall bladder pathology, at Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, MP during June 2012 to May 2014 on the basis of clinical assessment, USG, FNAC, CT-scan, tumor marker, blood investigation etc.Results: Present study showed that gallbladder cancer is predominantly a disease of elderly females. Commonly, symptoms are related to associated gallstones. In present study, abdominal pain (91.66%) followed by abdominal mass (79.19%) and anorexia (60.16%). In present study, preoperative imaging of the abdomen (both US and CT) showed the presence of gallstones in 38 (79.16%) cases and a mass in the gallbladder was evident in 44 patients (91.66%).Conclusions: Though the association between gallstones and Gallbladder carcinoma is strong, the causal relationship between them is not clear. In spite of the advances made in the field of gallbladder imaging, the detection of carcinoma of the gallbladder in early stages remains low.

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The “presyrinx” state: is there a reversible myelopathic condition that may precede syringomyelia?

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/foc.2000.8.3.4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Nancy J. Fischbein ◽

William P. Dillon ◽

Charles Cobbs ◽

Philip R. Weinstein

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Central Canal ◽

Intramedullary Tumor ◽

Csf Flow ◽

Before And After ◽

Late Evolution ◽

History Of

Object Alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow has been proposed as an important mechanism leading to the development of syringomyelia. We hypothesize that a “presyrinx” condition due to potentially reversible alteration in normal CSF flow exists and that its appearance may be due to variations in the competence of the central canal of the spinal cord. Methods Five patients with clinical evidence of myelopathy, no history of spinal cord trauma, enlargement of the cervical spinal cord with T1 and T2 prolongation but no cavitation, evidence for altered or obstructed CSF flow, and no evidence of intramedullary tumor or a spinal vascular event underwent MR imaging before and after intervention that alleviated obstruction to CSF flow. Results Preoperatively, all patients demonstrated enlarged spinal cords and parenchymal T1 and T2 prolongation without cavitation. Results of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations following intervention in all patients showed resolution of cord enlargement and normalization or improvement of cord signal abnormalities. In one patient with severe arachnoid adhesions who initially improved following decompression, late evolution into syringomyelia occurred in association with continued CSF obstruction. Conclusion Nontraumatic obstruction of the CSF pathways in the spine may result in spinal cord parenchymal T2 prolongation that is reversible following restoration of patency of CSF pathways. We refer to this MR appearance as the “presyrinx” state and stress the importance of timely intervention to limit progression to syringomyelia.

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Tuberculoma of the Conus Medullaris: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1097/00006123-200203000-00043 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 651-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kudret Türeyen

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Mass Effect ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Conus Medullaris ◽

Antituberculosis Therapy ◽

Patient Reported ◽

History Of ◽

Leg Weakness ◽

Muscle Groups

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma is a rare form of central nervous system tuberculosis. This article describes an affected patient who presented with left leg paresis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old man presented with a 7-day history of left leg weakness. The patient's medical history included infection with pulmonary tuberculosis 15 years previously, at which time he had been treated with antituberculosis therapy. The neurological examination performed at admission revealed left leg paresis with Grade 2/5 power in all muscle groups. The patient reported no urinary or bowel problems. INTERVENTION: Surgery was performed with the patient in the prone position. The procedure involved laminectomies at T11, T12, and L1, followed by a midline myelotomy. The mass was excised completely. Histopathological examination revealed a granulomatous lesion that contained Langhans' giant cells, inflammatory cells, and evidence of caseating necrosis. The patient was prescribed a 6-month course of antituberculosis therapy with pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and rifampin. CONCLUSION: The outcome was favorable. Recently, a number of authors have reported success with medical management of intraspinal tuberculoma. Intraspinal tuberculoma produces a mass effect that can jeopardize spinal cord function. The optimal treatment is a combination of microsurgical resection and antituberculosis chemotherapy.

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Minimally invasive spinal surgery in a young cat with vertebral hypertrophy

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports ◽

10.1177/20551169211048460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 205511692110484

Author(s):

Karin Sakamoto ◽

Yuta Nozue ◽

Mami Murakami ◽

Kohei Nakata ◽

Yukiko Nakano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Endoscopic Surgery ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Cord Compression ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery ◽

Canal Stenosis ◽

Resected Tissue ◽

History Of

Case summary A 2-year-old neutered female Scottish Fold cat was presented with an 8-week history of progressive back pain, paraparesis and decrease of postural reactions in both pelvic limbs. MRI showed spinal cord compression from both ventral sides, which originated from the T4 vertebral body and pedicle. The lesion compressing the spinal cord had a bone-like density on CT, and endoscopic surgery was performed to excise it. Histopathological examination of the resected tissue showed no evidence of malignancy and the lesion was diagnosed as vertebral hypertrophy. After surgery, the neurological status of the cat gradually improved. The cat was ambulant at the follow-up evaluation 2 weeks after surgery. Six months later, hindlimb paresis had improved considerably, and no recurrence was observed on CT. Relevance and novel information This is the first description of thoracic vertebral canal stenosis due to hypertrophy of a single vertebra in a young cat. Excision of the hypertrophic vertebra by endoscopic surgery is less invasive than open surgery and may give a good prognosis.

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Sudden Infant Death Due to Postvaccinal Myocarditis: A Case Report

International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine ◽

10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i3.32227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 32227-32227

Author(s):

Babak Salahshour ◽

◽

Sajjad Sadeghi ◽

Ahmad Sajadianfar ◽

Kambiz Soltaninejad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Death ◽

Causality Assessment ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Cardiac Monitoring ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Case Presentation ◽

History Of

Background: Vaccination is a fundamental strategy in public health for controlling and eradicating infectious diseases. However, the undesirable Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) should be effectively monitored, prevented, and managed in societies. Previously, Sudden Infant Death (SID) has been reported as a serious AEFI. We present a rare case of SID in an 18-month-old girl due to severe myocarditis following vaccination. Case Presentation: An 18-month-old girl presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a history of the injection of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Whole Cell Pertussis (DTwP); Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR), and oral poliovirus vaccines. She expired one-hour post ED admission after the episodes of vomiting and cardiopulmonary arrest. Postmortem histopathological examination signified marked congestion and the destruction of muscle fibers in the myocardium with inflammatory cells infiltration predominantly eosinophils. Given the postmortem histopathological findings, the cause of death was concluded as severe myocarditis following vaccination. Finally, the causality assessment was performed according to the Naranjo scale; the relevant data revealed a probable association in this regard (Naranjo score 6). Conclusion: Myocarditis is a rare and probable AEFI; thus, cardiac monitoring should be recommended as a diagnostic measure in managing postvaccinal adverse effects.

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