Comparison of rapid diagnostic test Plasmotec Malaria-3, microscopy, and quantitative real-time PCR for diagnoses of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in Mimika Regency, Papua, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Poor specificity may negatively impact rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-based diagnostic strategies for malaria. We performed real-time PCR on a subset of subjects who had undergone diagnostic testing with a multiple-antigen (histidine-rich protein 2 and pan -lactate dehydrogenase pLDH [HRP2/pLDH]) RDT and microscopy. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the RDT in comparison to results of PCR for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We developed and evaluated a two-step algorithm utilizing the multiple-antigen RDT to screen patients, followed by confirmatory microscopy for those individuals with HRP2-positive (HRP2 + )/pLDH-negative (pLDH − ) results. In total, dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from 276 individuals. There were 124 (44.9%) individuals with an HRP2 + /pLDH + result, 94 (34.1%) with an HRP2 + /pLDH − result, and 58 (21%) with a negative RDT result. The sensitivity and specificity of the RDT compared to results with real-time PCR were 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.9 to 100.0%) and 46.7% (95% CI, 37.7 to 55.9%), respectively. Of the 94 HRP2 + /pLDH − results, only 32 (34.0%) and 35 (37.2%) were positive by microscopy and PCR, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the two-step algorithm compared to results with real-time PCR were 95.5% (95% CI, 90.5 to 98.0%) and 91.0% (95% CI, 84.1 to 95.2), respectively. HRP2 antigen bands demonstrated poor specificity for the diagnosis of malaria compared to that of real-time PCR in a high-transmission setting. The most likely explanation for this finding is the persistence of HRP2 antigenemia following treatment of an acute infection. The two-step diagnostic algorithm utilizing microscopy as a confirmatory test for indeterminate HRP2 + /pLDH − results showed significantly improved specificity with little loss of sensitivity in a high-transmission setting.

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Submicroscopic carriage of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in a low endemic area in Ethiopia where no parasitaemia was detected by microscopy or rapid diagnostic test

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-015-0821-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Fitsum G Tadesse ◽

Helmi Pett ◽

Amrish Baidjoe ◽

Kjerstin Lanke ◽

Lynn Grignard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Endemic Area

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Evaluation of the Sensitivity of a pLDH-Based and an Aldolase-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Diagnosis of Uncomplicated and Severe Malaria Caused by PCR-Confirmed Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium vivax

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.03285-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 1118-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

B. E. Barber ◽

T. William ◽

M. J. Grigg ◽

K. Piera ◽

T. W. Yeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Severe Malaria ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Plasmodium Knowlesi

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Is rapid diagnostic test (malaria Pv/Pf Ag card test) reliable in diagnosing malaria

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20175565 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Vishruti Gandhi Vishruti Gandhi ◽

Prasad Muley ◽

Niyati Parikh ◽

Hardik Gandhi ◽

Akash Mehta

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Peripheral Blood Smear ◽

Peripheral Smear ◽

Infected Female ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

Smear Examination

Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheles mosquitoes is one of the most important parasitic diseases of human with transmission in 109 countries, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. This study was planned to compare the gold standard i.e. peripheral blood smear examination and the newer rapid diagnostic test (malaria plasmodium falciparum/ plasmodium vivax antigen card) to know the diagnostic accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. Methods: All the suspected cases of WHO defined malaria between 1month to 18 years of age were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of 96 clinically suspected cases of malaria 63 were confirmed by peripheral smear. The age range of participants ranged from 4 months to 17 years. On peripheral smear examination, out of 96 clinically suspected cases, 37 (38.5%) cases were positive for P. vivax, 23 (23.9%) were positive for P. falciparum and 3 (3.1%) were positive for both parasites by microscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Vivax is 92.5% and 96.4% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Falciparum is 96.2% and 90%.Conclusions: The rational use of RDTs as a complement to microscopy might give substantial health benefits through earlier treatment, reduction in morbidity and mortality and more rationalized approach for choosing anti-malarial drugs, which in terms may prevent drug resistance.

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Distribution of Duffy Phenotypes among Plasmodium vivax Infections in Sudan

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10060437 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Musab M.A. Albsheer ◽

Kareen Pestana ◽

Safaa Ahmed ◽

Mohammed Elfaki ◽

Eiman Gamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Vivax Infection ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

East African ◽

African Countries ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Duffy Negative

Negative Duffy expression on the surface of human red blood cells was believed to be a barrier for Plasmodium vivax infection in most Africans. However, P. vivax has been demonstrated to infect Duffy-negative individuals in several Central and East African countries. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Duffy blood group phenotypes with regard to P. vivax infection and parasitemia in Sudan. Out of 992 microscopic-positive malaria samples, 190 were identified as P. vivax positive infections. Among them, 186 were P. vivax mono-infections and 4 were mixed P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections. A subset of 77 samples was estimated with parasitemia by quantitative real-time PCR. Duffy codons were sequenced from the 190 P. vivax positive samples. We found that the Duffy Fy(a-b+) phenotype was the most prevalent, accounting for 67.9% of all P. vivax infections, while homozygous Duffy-negative Fy(a-b-) accounted for 17.9% of the P. vivax infections. The prevalence of infection in Fy(a-b+) and Fy(a+b-)were significantly higher than Fy(a-b-) phenotypes (p = 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). A significantly low proportion of P. vivax infection was observed in Duffy negative individuals Fy(a-b-). This study highlights the prevalence of P. vivax in Duffy-negatives in Sudan and indicates low parasitemia among the Duffy-negative individuals.

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A novel real-time PCR assay for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in low parasitized individuals

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.05.006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 120 (1-2) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Seung-Young Hwang ◽

So-Hee Kim ◽

Ga-Young Lee ◽

Vu Thi Thu Hang ◽

Chi-Sook Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Vivax Malaria ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

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Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale for Routine Clinical Diagnosis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.42.3.1214-1219.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 1214-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 179

Author(s):

F. Perandin ◽

N. Manca ◽

A. Calderaro ◽

G. Piccolo ◽

L. Galati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Real Time ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Plasmodium Ovale ◽

Pcr Assay

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The comparison of Real-time-PCR-HRM and Microscopy Methods for Detection of Mixed Plasmodium spp. Infections in Laghman Province, Afghanistan

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666200702134555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Abdolhossein Dalimi ◽

Sayed Hussain Mosawi

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

The Real ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Melting Analysis ◽

Polymerase Chain

Background: Laghman province, in the east of the Afghanistan, is one of the most malaria endemic regions with an eminence of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. So far, no study has been conducted to investigate the extent of mixed infections in this area. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mixed infections of malaria in Laghman province by using of a new and highly sensitive molecular method (real-time polymerase chain reaction high resolution melting analysis) and compare its results with microscopically confirmed cases of malaria. Methods: In general, 347 infected individuals have been referred to Khalwati laboratory that located in the center of Laghman province from May to November of 2018. Microscopic analysis was performed on prepared thick and thin blood films under ×100 lens with oil immersion. The real-time-PCR-HRM assay was performed using an ABI 7500 Fast Real-time PCR system. Results: In microscopic examination, out of 347 patients referred to the Center, 267 (76.94%) cases were detected to be Plasmodium vivax, 79 (22.76%) Plasmodium falciparum and 1 (0.28%) case of mixed of two species. However, by using Real-time PCR-HRM technique, 249 (71.75%) were detected Plasmodium vivax, 79 (22.76%) were Plasmodium falciparum and 19 (5.47%) were mixed of two species. Conclusions: Our result indicated that, the Real-time PCR-HRM method is more accurate and more reliable than microscopic method in the diagnosis of malaria mixed infections.

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