Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on performance in professional young soccer players during a competitive season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Objective Various nutritional strategies are adopted for athletes to maintain and to improve performance during the competition season. Betaine may enhance performance during a competitive season by increasing the testosterone to cortisol ratio and reducing systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of betaine supplementation on the bio-motor abilities in young professional soccer players. Methods Twenty-nine young professional soccer players (age, 15.5±0.3 years) were matched by position and randomly assigned to one of two groups for 14 weeks: betaine (BG, 2 g/day; n=14) or placebo (PG n=15). Diet was standardized by a nutritionist, and measures of muscular power (countermovement jump: CMJ), change of direction: modified 5-0-5), acceleration (10 m sprint), sprint performance (30 m sprint time: SpT), muscular strength (leg press and bench press one repetition maximum: 1-RM), repeated sprint ability (running-based anaerobic sprint test: RAST), and aerobic capacity (30-15 intermittent fitness test) were assessed in the pre (P1), mid (P2) and post (P3) season over the course of 5 days. All subjects participated in one soccer match and five training sessions per week. Results Significant (p < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic peak power, and muscular strength favoring BG at P2 and P3 compared to P1. There were meaningful (p < 0.05) group x time interactions for CMJ, SpT, and peak power during the RAST that favored the BG. Conclusions 14-week of betaine supplementation increased predicted 1-RM, VO2max, and repeated sprint ability performance in youth professional soccer players. Betaine supplementation seems to be a useful nutritional strategy to improve and to maintain performance during a competitive soccer season.

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Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on performance in professional young soccer players during a competitive season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-623273/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hadi Nobari ◽

Jason M Cholewa ◽

Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez ◽

Mehdi Kargarfard ◽

Jorge Pérez-Gómez

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Competitive Season ◽

Betaine Supplementation ◽

Sprint Ability

Abstract Objective Various nutritional strategies are adopted for athletes to maintain and improve performance during the competition season. Betaine may enhance performance during a competitive season by increasing the testosterone to cortisol ratio and reducing systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of betaine supplementation on the bio-motor abilities in young soccer players. Methods Twenty-nine professional young soccer players (age, 15.5 ± 0.3 years) were matched by position and randomly assigned to one of two groups for 14 weeks: betaine (BG, 2 g/day; n = 14) or placebo (PG n = 15). Diet was standardized by a nutritionist, and measures of muscular power (countermovement jump: CMJ), change of direction (modified 5-0-5), acceleration (10 m sprint), sprint performance (30 m sprint time: SpT), muscular strength (leg press and bench press 1-RM), repeated sprint ability (running-based anaerobic sprint test: RAST), and aerobic capacity (30 − 15 intermittent fitness test) were assessed in the pre (P1), mid (P2), and post (P3) season over the course of 5 days. All subjects participated in one soccer match and five training sessions per week. Results Significant (p < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic peak power, and muscular strength favoring BG at P2 and P3 compared to P1. There were meaningful (p < 0.05) group x time interactions for CMJ, SpT, and peak power during the RAST that favored the BG. Conclusion 14-week of betaine supplementation increased 1-RM, VO2max, and repeated sprint ability performance in youth professional soccer players. Betaine supplementation seems to be a useful nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance during a competitive soccer season.

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Relationship between Repeated Sprint Ability and Aerobic Capacity in Professional Soccer Players

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/952350 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rhys M. Jones ◽

Christian C. Cook ◽

Liam P. Kilduff ◽

Zoran Milanović ◽

Nic James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽

Sprint Time ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Sprint Ability

Aim. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between maximal aerobic capacity () and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in a group of professional soccer players.Methods. Forty-one professional soccer players (age yrs, height cm, weight kg) were required to perform tests to assess RSA and on two separate days with at least 48 hr rest between testing sessions. Each player performed a treadmill test to determine their and a test for RSA involving the players completing m sprints (turn after 20 m) with 20 s active recovery between each sprint.Results. There was a significant negative correlation between body mass normalised and mean sprint time () (; ) and total sprint time () (, ).Conclusion. Results of the current study indicate that is one important factor aiding soccer players in the recovery from repeated sprint type activities.

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Relationships Between Repeated Sprint Ability, Mechanical Parameters, and Blood Metabolites in Professional Soccer Players

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000000782 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 1673-1682 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jose A. Morcillo ◽

Pedro Jiménez-Reyes ◽

Victor Cuadrado-Peñafiel ◽

Emilio Lozano ◽

Manuel Ortega-Becerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soccer Players ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Mechanical Parameters ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Sprint Ability

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Evolution of Determinant Factors of Repeated Sprint Ability

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2016-0040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 115-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽

Luis Suarez-Arrones ◽

David Rodríguez-Rosell ◽

Manuel López-Segovia ◽

Pedro Jiménez-Reyes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soccer Players ◽

Endurance Capacity ◽

Loading Test ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Repeated Sprints ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Run Test ◽

Sprint Ability

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the relationships between repeated sprint ability (RSA) and anthropometric measures as well as fitness qualities in soccer players. Twenty-one professional soccer players performed several anthropometric and physical tests including countermovement vertical jumps (CMJs), a straight-line 30 m sprint (T30), an RSA test (6 x 20 + 20 m with 20 s recovery), a progressive isoinertial loading test in a full squat, a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 (YYIRT-1) and a 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT). The mean (RSAmean), the fastest (RSAbest), each single sprint time, and the percentage in a sprint decrease (%Dec) in the RSA test were calculated. RSAbest correlated significantly with RSAmean (r = .82) and with all single sprints (p < 0.05), showing a downward trend as the number of sprints performed increased. No significant relationship was observed between the %Dec and RSA performance. CMJs and the T30 also showed a correlation with RSA performance, whereas lower limb strength did not show any relationship with RSA performance. RSAmean showed significant (p < 0.05) relationships with body mass (r = .44), adiposity (r = .59) and the YYIRT-1 (r = -.62), increasing as the number of repeated sprints increased. The 20mSRT showed minimal relationships with RSA performance. In conclusion, maximal sprint capacity seems to be relevant for the RSA performance, mainly in the first sprints. However, high intermittent endurance capacity and low adiposity might help enhance the RSA performance when increasing the number of repeated sprints.

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Phase Angle Is Related to 10 m and 30 m Sprint Time and Repeated-Sprint Ability in Young Male Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4405

Author(s):

Priscila Custódio Martins ◽

Anderson Santiago Teixeira ◽

Luiz Guilherme ANTONACCI Guglielmo ◽

Juliana Sabino Francisco ◽

Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Angle ◽

Reference Population ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Cell Integrity ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Sprint Ability

Objective: To examine the association between phase angle (PhA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and components of physical performance in male youth soccer players. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Sixty-two players from two professional soccer academies were recruited. Electrical bioimpedance was used to obtain the PhA and BIVA. Body fat (BF) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. All players completed physical tests including the standing long jump (SLJ), Carminatti’s test (peak speed at the end of the test, PST-CAR), 10 m and 30 m straight-line sprints, and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test (RSAbest and RSAmean times). Results: Adjusting for chronological age, BF, and LSTM, multiple regression analysis outputs showed that PhA remained inversely related to RSAmean (β = −0.362; p < 0.001), RSAbest (β = −0.239; p = 0.020), 10 m (β = −0.379; p = 0.012), and 30 m (β = −0.438; p < 0.001) sprint times, while the association with PST-CAR and SLJ performance were statistically non-significant. In addition, BIVA showed that differences in confidence ellipses were found between athletes in the reference population and the study sample (p < 0.05). The tolerance ellipses indicated that the athletes in the present study had more total body water (TCW) and lower proportions of intracellular water (ICW) to extracellular water (ECW). The reference population had more TCW and ICW/ECW. Conclusions: Our results suggest that young soccer players with higher PhA values, indicating better cell integrity and functionality, have better performance in typical anaerobic running activities, such as sprinting speed and RSA performance, adjusted to age and body composition characteristics.

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Effects of Intermittent or Continuous Training on Speed, Jump and Repeated-Sprint Ability in Semi-Professional Soccer Players~!2008-03-27~!2008-05-19~!2008-06-12~!

The Open Sports Sciences Journal ◽

10.2174/1875399x00801010015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Aguiar ◽

C. Abrantes ◽

V. Macas ◽

N. Leite ◽

J. Sampaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soccer Players ◽

Continuous Training ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Sprint Ability

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A Meta-Analytical Comparison of the Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Soccer Players’ Repeated-Sprint Ability

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2781

Author(s):

Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽

José Afonso ◽

Hugo Sarmento ◽

Thomas Rosemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Soccer Players ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Training Interventions ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Sprint Ability

This systematic review with a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of small-sided games (SSGs)-based interventions with the effects of running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on soccer players’ repeated sprint ability (RSA). The data sources utilized were Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. The study eligibility criteria were: (i) parallel studies (SSG-based programs vs. running-based HIIT) conducted in soccer players with no restrictions on age, sex, or competitive level; (ii) isolated intervention programs (i.e., only SSG vs. only running-based HIIT as individual forms) with no restrictions on duration; (iii) a pre–post outcome for RSA; (iv) original, full-text, peer-reviewed articles written in English. An electronic search yielded 513 articles, four of which were included in the present study. There was no significant difference between the effects of SSG-based and HIIT-based training interventions on RSA (effect size (ES) = 0.30; p = 0.181). The within-group analysis revealed no significant effect of SSG-based training interventions (ES = −0.23; p = 0.697) or HIIT-based training interventions (ES = 0.08; p = 0.899) on RSA. The meta-comparison revealed that neither SSGs nor HIIT-based interventions were effective in improving RSA in soccer players, and no differences were found between the two types of training. This suggests that complementary training may be performed to improve the effects of SSGs and HIIT. It also suggests that different forms of HIIT can be used because of the range of opportunities that such training affords.

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