scholarly journals The effect of age on CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-suppressed adult participants: a sub-study from AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) A5321 and the Bone Loss and Immune Reconstitution (BLIR) study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxian Chen ◽  
Kehmia Titanji ◽  
Anandi N. Sheth ◽  
Rajesh Gandhi ◽  
Deborah McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

AbstractOlder age could be a risk factor for suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected patients despite successful viral suppression. However, evaluation of this effect could be confounded by age-related immune processes such as decreased thymus output, increased immune activation and exhaustion. Here, we established a semi-mechanistic population model simultaneously describing naïve and memory CD4+ T-cell trajectories in 122 participants. Covariate analysis accounting for immune activation showed that older age was significantly associated with faster apparent elimination rate of the naïve T-cells. In addition, female sex predicted slower apparent elimination rate of memory T-cells. Simulations showed that the median maximal CD4+ T-cell count on ART treatment was 593 cells/μL (IQR 442-794) in patients aged 50 years or above and 738 cells/μL (IQR 548-1002) in patients aged 18-35 years. The differences in the percentage of subjects achieving sufficient immune reconstitution (CD4+ T-cell count> 500 cells/μL) between the two age groups were 15, 21 and 26% at year 1, 4 years and steady state, respectively, suggesting that advanced age may have a greater impact on long-term CD4+ T-cell recovery.

scholarly journals HIV-Related Arterial Stiffness in Malawian Adults Is Associated With the Proportion of PD-1–Expressing CD8+ T Cells and Reverses With Antiretroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Kelly ◽  
Henry C Mwandumba ◽  
Robert S Heyderman ◽  
Kondwani Jambo ◽  
Raphael Kamng’ona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background The contribution of immune activation to arterial stiffness and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Methods HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4+ T-cell count of <100 cells/μL were enrolled and followed for 44 weeks; enrollment of infected adults occurred 2 weeks after ART initiation. We evaluated the relationship between carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and T-cell activation (defined as HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells), exhaustion (define as PD-1+ T cells), and senescence (defined as CD57+ T cells) and monocyte subsets, using normal regression. Results In 279 HIV-infected and 110 HIV-uninfected adults, 142 (37%) had hypertension. HIV was independently associated with a 12% higher cfPWV (P = .02) at baseline and a 14% higher cfPWV at week 10 (P = .02), but the increases resolved by week 22. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion were independently associated with a higher cfPWV at baseline (P = .02). At 44 weeks, arterial stiffness improved more in those with greater decreases in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). When considering HIV-infected participants alone, the adjusted arterial stiffness at week 44 tended to be lower in those with higher baseline percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .054). Conclusions PD-1+CD8+ T-cells are associated with HIV-related arterial stiffness, which remains elevated during the first 3 months of ART. Resources to prevent cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa should focus on blood pressure reduction and individuals with a low CD4+ T-cell count during early ART.

scholarly journals PIMATM point-of-care testing for CD4 counts in predicting antiretroviral initiation in HIV-infected individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandisa Skhosana ◽  
Shabashini Reddy ◽  
Tarylee Reddy ◽  
Siphelele Ntoyanto ◽  
Elizabeth Spooner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Limited information is available on the usefulness of the PIMATM analyser in predicting antiretroviral treatment eligibility and outcome in a primary healthcare clinic setting in disadvantaged communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Materials and methods: The study was conducted under the eThekwini Health Unit, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Comparison of the enumeration of CD4+ T-cells in 268 patients using the PIMATM analyser and the predicate National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) was undertaken during January to July 2013. Bland-Altman analysis to calculate bias and limits of agreement, precision and levels of clinical misclassification at various CD4+ T-cell count thresholds was performed.Results: There was high precision of the PIMATM control bead cartridges with low and normal CD4+ T-cell counts using three different PIMATM analysers (%CV < 5). Under World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (≤ 500 cells/mm3), the sensitivity of the PIMATM analyser was 94%, specificity 78% and positive predictive value (PPV) 95%. There were 24 (9%) misclassifications, of which 13 were false-negative in whom the mean bias was 149 CD4+ T-cells/mm3. Most (87%) patients returned for their CD4 test result but only 67% (110/164) of those eligible (≤ 350 cells/mm3) were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a time to treatment of 49 days (interquartile range [IQR], 42–64 days).Conclusion: There was adequate agreement between PIMATM analyser and predicate NHLS CD4+ T-cell count enumeration (≤ 500 cells/mm3) in adult HIV-positive individuals. The high PPV, sensitivity and acceptable specificity of the PIMATM analyser technology lend it as a reliable tool in predicting eligibility and rapid linkage to care in ART programmes.Keywords: HIV; Point of Care; PIMATM CD4+ T cell counts; antiretroviral therapy; prediction/eligibility; South Africa

scholarly journals Nadir CD4 T Cell Count as Predictor and High CD4 T Cell Intrinsic Apoptosis as Final Mechanism of Poor CD4 T Cell Recovery in Virologically Suppressed HIV‐Infected Patients: Clinical Implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1300-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugènia Negredo ◽  
Marta Massanella ◽  
Jordi Puig ◽  
Núria Pérez‐Álvarez ◽  
José Miguel Gallego‐Escuredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptosis ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals CD4+ T-cell Count Prior to Antiretroviral Therapy Predicts Post-Therapy Immune Reconstitution

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Hideki Uchiumi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ogawa ◽  
Kunio Yanagisawa ◽  
Fumito Gohda ◽  
Hidemi Ogura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Post Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals Neutrophils promote T-cell activation through the regulated release of CD44-bound Galectin-9 from the cell surface during HIV infection

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. e3001387
Author(s):  
Garett Dunsmore ◽  
Eliana Perez Rosero ◽  
Shima Shahbaz ◽  
Deanna M. Santer ◽  
Juan Jovel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

The interaction of neutrophils with T cells has been the subject of debate and controversies. Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils may suppress or activate T cells. Despite these studies, the interaction between neutrophils and T cells has remained a largely unexplored field. Here, based on our RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, we found that neutrophils have differential transcriptional and functional profiling depending on the CD4 T-cell count of the HIV-infected individual. In particular, we identified that neutrophils in healthy individuals express surface Galectin-9 (Gal-9), which is down-regulated upon activation, and is consistently down-regulated in HIV-infected individuals. However, down-regulation of Gal-9 was associated with CD4 T-cell count of patients. Unstimulated neutrophils express high levels of surface Gal-9 that is bound to CD44, and, upon stimulation, neutrophils depalmitoylate CD44 and induce its movement out of the lipid raft. This process causes the release of Gal-9 from the surface of neutrophils. In addition, we found that neutrophil-derived exogenous Gal-9 binds to cell surface CD44 on T cells, which promotes LCK activation and subsequently enhances T-cell activation. Furthermore, this process was regulated by glycolysis and can be inhibited by interleukin (IL)-10. Together, our data reveal a novel mechanism of Gal-9 shedding from the surface of neutrophils. This could explain elevated plasma Gal-9 levels in HIV-infected individuals as an underlying mechanism of the well-characterized chronic immune activation in HIV infection. This study provides a novel role for the Gal-9 shedding from neutrophils. We anticipate that our results will spark renewed investigation into the role of neutrophils in T-cell activation in other acute and chronic conditions, as well as improved strategies for modulating Gal-9 shedding.

Early Viral Load and CD4+T Cell Count, But Not Percentage of CCR5+or CXCR4+CD4+T Cells, Are Associated with R5-to-X4 HIV Type 1 Virus Evolution

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald P. van Rij ◽  
Mette D. Hazenberg ◽  
Birgit H.B. van Benthem ◽  
Sigrid A. Otto ◽  
Maria Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals Effect of Nadir CD4+ T Cell Count on Clinical Measures of Periodontal Disease in HIV+ Adults before and during Immune Reconstitution on HAART

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e76986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance T. Vernon ◽  
Catherine A. Demko ◽  
Denise C. Babineau ◽  
Xuelei Wang ◽  
Zahra Toossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Nadir CD4+ T-cell count and numbers of CD28+ CD4+ T-cells predict functional responses to immunizations in chronic HIV-1 infection

AIDS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2015-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph G Lange ◽  
Michael M Lederman ◽  
Kathy Medvik ◽  
Robert Asaad ◽  
Mary Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals AIDS-associated paracoccidioidomycosis in a patient with a CD4+ T-cell count of 4 cells/mm³

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisiane Machado Contente Nogueira ◽  
Mônica Santos ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Carolina Talhari ◽  
Rodrigo Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Moderate Number ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

We describe a case of a patient presenting with HIV and paracoccidioidomycosis co-infection. At the time of diagnosis total CD4+ T-cell count was 4 cells/mm3. Histopathology revealed tuberculoid granulomas, scarce CD4+ T cells, a moderate number of CD8+ cells and the absence of Foxp3+ cells. Most of the cutaneous lesions healed after two weeks of treatment with amphotericin B. After 14 months the patient is still under antiretroviral therapy and no clinical evidence of recurrence of the mycosis has been observed

scholarly journals Survival, CD4 T lymphocyte count recovery and immune reconstitution pattern during the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection in Mongolia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247929
Author(s):  
Solongo Bayarsaikhan ◽  
Davaalkham Jagdagsuren ◽  
Batbaatar Gunchin ◽  
Tsogtsaikhan Sandag
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count ◽  
Count Recovery ◽  
Hiv Aids

Mongolia has a low incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with 281 cases reported at the end of 2019 and an estimated incidence rate of <0.01 cases per 1000 population. However, no study has analyzed the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes and pretreatment characteristics of patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Mongolia. This retrospective study aimed to determine the survival, CD4 T cell recovery, and immune reconstitution pattern during ART in HIV patients and to determine baseline patient characteristics associated with ART outcomes. Based on three different World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, we analyzed the 3-year observation data of 166 patients with HIV/AIDS who received treatment between 2010 and 2017. An increase of >50 cells/μL indicated CD4 T cell count recovery, and a cell count of ≥500 cells/μL in patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL indicated immune reconstitution. In this study, the 3- and 1-year mortality rates were 5.4% (survival rate: 94.6%) and 3.6%, respectively. A total of 83% of deaths that occurred in the observation time occurred within the first 3 months. The CD4 T cell count recovery rates at 3, 12, and 36 months were 62.7%, 80.7%, and 89.2%, respectively. The CD4 T cell count increased to >500 cells/μL in 95 of 145 (65.5%) patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL after 36 months of ART. The baseline CD4 T cell count was found to be a sensitive indicator for immune reconstitution. An advanced pretreatment clinical stage of HIV infection (as classified by the WHO classification), a low CD4 T cell count in the peripheral blood, and a high viral load before the initiation of the first-line ART accurately predicted survival, CD4 T cell count recovery, and immune reconstitution in Mongolian patients with HIV/AIDS.

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