scholarly journals SWADAPT1: assessment of an electric wheelchair-driving robotic module in standardized circuits: a prospective, controlled repeated measure design pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Leblong ◽  
Bastien Fraudet ◽  
Louise Devigne ◽  
Marie Babel ◽  
François Pasteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Powered Wheelchair ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Driving Assistance

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to highlight the effect of a robotic driver assistance module of powered wheelchair (PWC), using infrared sensors and accessorizing a commercial wheelchair) on the reduction of the number of collisions in standardized circuit in a population with neurological disorders by comparing driving performance with and without assistance. Methods This is a prospective, single-center, controlled, repeated measure design, single-blind pilot study including patients with neurological disabilities who are usual drivers of electric wheelchairs. The main criterion for evaluating the device is the number of collisions with and without the assistance of a prototype anti-collision system on three circuits of increasing complexity. Travel times, cognitive load, driving performance, and user satisfaction are also analyzed. Results 23 Patients, 11 women and 12 men with a mean age of 48 years old completed the study. There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of collisions on the most complex circuit: 61% experienced collisions without assistance versus 39% with assistance (p = 0.038). Conclusion This study concludes that the PWC driving assistance module is efficient in terms of safety without reducing the speed of movement in a population of people with disabilities who are habitual wheelchair drivers. The prospects are therefore to conduct tests on a target population with driving failure or difficulty who could benefit from this device so as to allow them to travel independently and safely.

scholarly journals Swadapt1: Assessment of an Electric Wheelchair-driving Robotic Module in Standarized Circuits: A Prospective, Controlled, and Randomized Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Leblong ◽  
Bastien Fraudet ◽  
Louise Devigne ◽  
Marie Babel ◽  
François Pasteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Collision System ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Powered Wheelchair ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Single Blind

Abstract ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to highlight the effect of a robotic driver assistance module of Powered Wheelchair (PWC), using infrared sensors and accessorizing a commercial wheelchair) on the reduction of the number of collisions in standardized circuit in a population with neurological disorders by comparing driving performance with and without assistance.MethodsThis is a prospective, single-center, controlled, randomized, single-blind pilot study including patients with neurological disabilities who are usual drivers of electric wheelchairs. The main criterion for evaluating the device is the number of collisions with and without the assistance of a prototype anti-collision system on 3 circuits of increasing complexity. Travel times, cognitive load, driving performance, and user satisfaction are also analyzed.Results23 patients completed the study. There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of collisions on the most complex circuit.ConclusionThis study concludes that the PWC driving assistance module is efficient in terms of safety without reducing the speed of movement in a population of people with disabilities who are habitual wheelchair drivers. The prospects are therefore to conduct tests on a target population with driving failure or difficulty who could benefit from this device so as to allow them to travel independently and safely.

Do re-ensiling time and application of Lactobacillus buchneri alter the characteristics of sugarcane silage?

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
E. F. S. Faria ◽  
T. C. da Silva ◽  
D. dos S. Pina ◽  
E. M. Santos ◽  
M. L. G. M. L. de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of re-ensiling time and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages. The experiment was set up as a repeated measure design consisting of four air-exposure periods (EP)(0, 6, 12, and 24 h) microbial additive (A) (L. buchneri; or lack of there), with five replicates. Sugarcane was ground through a stationary forage chopper and ensiled in four plastic drums of 200-L capacity. After 210 days of storage, the drums were opened and half of the silage mass was treated with L. buchneri at the concentration of 105 cfu/g of forage. Subsequently, the silages were divided into stacks. The re-ensiling process was started immediately, at 0, 6, 12 and 24-hour intervals, by transferring the material to PVC mini-silos. Silos were opened after 120 days of re-ensiling. The use of L. buchneri reduced butyrate concentration but did not change ethanol or acetic acid concentrations and aerobic stability. An interaction effect between L. buchneri and re-ensiling time was observed for dry matter (DM) losses and composition. Lactobacillus buchneri is not effective in improving aerobic stability in re-ensiled sugarcane silages. However, less DM is lost in silages treated with L. buchneri and exposed to air for 24 h. Re-ensiling sugar cane in up to 24 h of exposure to air does not change final product quality.

Linguistic constraints on children's ability to isolate phonemes in Arabic

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELINOR SAIEGH-HADDAD
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Phoneme Awareness ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Linguistic Constraints

The study tested the effect of three factors on Arab children's (N=256) phoneme isolation: phoneme's linguistic affiliation (standard phonemes vs. spoken phonemes), phoneme position (initial vs. final), and linguistic context (singleton vs. cluster). Two groups of children speaking two different vernaculars were tested. The two vernaculars differed with respect to whether they included four critical Standard Arabic phonemes. Using a repeated-measure design, we tested children's phonemic sensitivity toward these four phonemes versus other phonemes. The results showed that the linguistic affiliation of the phoneme was reliable in explaining phoneme isolation reaffirming, hence the external validity of the linguistic affiliation constraint in explaining phoneme awareness in diglossic Arabic. The results also showed that initial phonemes and initial singleton phonemes were particularly difficult for children to isolate. These findings were discussed in light of a stipulated unique phonological and orthographic cohesion of the consonant–vowel unit in Arabic.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TUJUAN AUDITOR ATAS TINGKAT OVERCONFIDENCE PERTIMBANGAN AUDITOR (STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-255
Author(s):  
Nungki Kartikasari ◽  
Bambang Subroto ◽  
Aulia Fuad Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Measure Design

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai adanya perbedaan tingkat overconfidence pertimbangan auditor ketika auditor bertujuan akurasi, direksional, dan kombinasi. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu bentuk pengujian motivated reasoning theory pada bidang audit. Pengukuran tingkat overconfidence pertimbangan auditor dilakukan menggunakan metode kalibrasi. Metode kalibrasi dilakukan dengan mengukur tingkat keyakinan dan keakurasian pertimbangan auditor pada kasus persediaan usang perusahaan. Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen laboratorium. Eksperimen laboratorium dilakukan dengan partisipan auditor yang menjadi mahasiswa join program Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah repeated measure design, yaitu dilakukan dengan memberikan perlakuan tujuan akurasi (menghindari adanya risiko hukum dan sanksi), direksional (mempertahankan hubungan baik dengan klien) dan kombinasi (menghindari adanya risiko hukum dan mempertahankan hubungan baik dengan klien) pada masing-masing partisipan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengukur tingkat overconfidence pada masing-masing tujuan. Pengujian statistik non-parametrik yang digunakan dalam pengujian hipotesis penelitian ini adalah tes cochran. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa auditor melakukan pertimbangan dengan tingkat overconfidence yang tidak berbeda pada ketiga tujuan (akurasi, direksional dan kombinasi). Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya ketidakkonsistenan hasil penelitian dengan motivated reasoning theory.

Phoneme Recognition and Confusions With Multichannel Cochlear Implants

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina T. Välimaa ◽  
Taisto K. Määttä ◽  
Heikki J. Löppönen ◽  
Martti J. Sorri
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Phoneme Recognition ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Vowel Recognition

The aim of this study was to investigate how postlingually severely or profoundly hearing-impaired adults relearn to recognize vowels after receiving multichannel cochlear implants. Vowel recognition of 19 Finnish-speaking subjects was studied for a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 24 months using an open-set nonsense-syllable test in a prospective repeated-measure design. The responses were coded for phoneme errors, and 95% confidence intervals for recognition and confusions were calculated. The average vowel recognition was 68% (95% confidence interval = 66–70%) 6 months after switch-on and 80% (95% confidence interval = 78–82%) 24 months after switch-on. The vowels [æ], [u], [i], [o], and [a] were the easiest to recognize, and the vowels [y], [e], and [ø] were the most difficult. In conclusion, adaptation to electrical hearing using a multichannel cochlear implant was achieved well; but for at least 2 years, given two vowels with either F1 or F2 at roughly the same frequencies, confusions were drawn more towards the closest vowel with the next highest F1 or F2.

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