scholarly journals Distinct behavioral traits and associated brain regions in mouse models for obsessive–compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Jihui Yue ◽  
Yuchong Luo ◽  
Lianyan Huang ◽  
Boxing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Behavioral Phenotypes ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disease with heterogeneous behavioral phenotypes, including repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and impairments in cognitive functions. The brain regions related to the behavioral heterogeneity, however, are unknown. Methods We systematically examined the behavioral phenotypes of three OCD mouse models induced by pharmacological reagents [RU24969, 8-hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT), and 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine hydrochloride-99% (MCPP)], and compared the activated brain regions in each model, respectively. Results We found that the mouse models presented distinct OCD-like behavioral traits. RU24969-treated mice exhibited repetitive circling, anxiety, and impairments in recognition memory. 8-OH-DPAT-treated mice exhibited excessive spray-induced grooming as well as impairments in recognition memory. MCPP-treated mice showed only excessive self-grooming. To determine the brain regions related to these distinct behavioral traits, we examined c-fos expression to indicate the neuronal activation in the brain. Our results showed that RU24969-treated mice exhibited increased c-fos expression in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex (IL), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hypothalamus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, intermediate part (BSTLD), and interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, lateral part (IPACL), whereas in 8-OH-DPAT-treated mice showed increased c-fos expression in the ACC, PrL, IL, OFC, NAc shell, and hypothalamus. By contrast, MCPP did not induce higher c-fos expression in the cortex than control groups. Conclusion Our results indicate that different OCD mouse models exhibited distinct behavioral traits, which may be mediated by the activation of different brain regions.

New Methods of Brain Stimulation Are Improving Research and Therapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. George
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Brain

AbstractOver the past decade, new functional neuroimaging tools have enabled researchers to identify the specific brain regions involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). More recently, researchers have perfected several new techniques for stimulating the brain. With some exceptions, these new brain stimulation techniques are regionally specific and less invasive than older methods. As a class, these “somatic interventions” build on prior neuroanatomic information about OCD. This article reviews the past and current status of these brain stimulation methodologies, which promise to revolutionize neuropsychiatric research and therapy over the next 10 to 20 years. As the brain circuits in OCD and the pharmacology within those circuits become better understood, these brain stimulation techniques hold particular promise in helping to understand and perhaps treat OCD.

Serotonin 5-HT1DB Gene's Interaction with Key Brain Regions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Atmaca ◽  
Ebru Onalan ◽  
Hanefi Yildirim ◽  
Huseyin Yuce ◽  
Mustafa Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Volumetric MRI assessment of brain regions in patients with refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Atmaca ◽  
Hanefi Yildirimb ◽  
Huseyin Ozdemirb ◽  
Ayşe Aydinb ◽  
Ertan Tezcana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Volumetric Mri ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Role of Glutamatergic System in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Possible Therapeutic Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Přemysl Vlček ◽  
Jakub Polák ◽  
Martin Brunovský ◽  
Jiří Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric illness and 1 of the most common anxiety disorders with the prevalence of 3%. Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, the traditional model focused on alternations in the serotonin system. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors provide the most effective treatment; however, as much as 40–60% of patients do not respond to antidepressants therapy. Thus, attention has shifted towards other neurotransmitter systems and related neuroanatomical structures. Recently, there is extensive evidence showing a key role of glutamate pathways abnormalities within the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuitry and temporal lobes in OCD pathogenesis. In this review, we link together the existent neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological evidence to argue for potential benefits of adjuvant treatment with glutamatergic agents, especially memantine. By a targeted de-excitation effect on the glutamatergic system in the temporal lobes and connected brain regions, memantine might further alleviate OCD symptoms. This effect should be even more pronounced in certain subtypes of patients with specific cognitive deficits and maladaptive compensatory memory processes (e.g., checkers).

Investigating the role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)val66metvariant in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sîan M.J. Hemmings ◽  
Craig J. Kinnear ◽  
Lize Van Der Merwe ◽  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Valerie A. Corfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Brain

Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Hypothesis-Driven Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M Vaghi ◽  
T. W Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Experimental Level

The neurobiological basis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been probed using functional magnetic resonance in hundreds of studies over three decades. This complex literature can be syntheized using a theory-informed approach. At a theoretical level, separable, independent, constructs of relevance to OCD have been identified. At the experimental level, extensive translational evidence has provided an account that relates specific brain systems to these neuropsychological constructs. Parallels between neural substrates implicated in OCD and functional specialization of different brain regions suggest that abnormalities within fronto-striatal circuitry impinge on executive functions, and their subcomponents, and on goal-directed learning and habit formation. In OCD, this is reflected at a functional level in patterns of abnormal activations in particular brain regions during specific cognitive tasks. However, many issues still need to be addressed. The authors suggest that the experimental context might represent a pivotal variable that should be taken into account.

Functional Neuroimaging Studies in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Overview and Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Brennan ◽  
Scott L. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Cortical Circuit

Studies using functional neuroimaging have played a critical role in the current understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Early studies using positron emission tomography (PET) identified a core cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit that is dysfunctional in OCD. Subsequent studies using behavioral paradigms in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided additional information about the neural substrates underlying specific psychological processes relevant to OCD. More recently, studies utilizing resting state fMRI have identified abnormal functional connectivity within intrinsic brain networks including the default mode and frontoparietal networks in OCD patients. Although these studies, as a whole, clearly substantiate the model of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit dysfunction in OCD and support the continued investigation of neuromodulatory treatments targeting these brain regions, there is also growing evidence that brain regions outside this core circuit, particularly frontoparietal regions involved in cognitive control processes, may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of OCD.

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