scholarly journals Duration of breastfeeding, age at introduction of complementary foods and allergy-related diseases: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Ekelund ◽  
Inga Gloppen ◽  
Torbjørn Øien ◽  
Melanie Rae Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Prevention Of Allergy

Abstract Background The influences of breastfeeding and infant diet in the prevention of allergy-related diseases are uncertain and many of the studies conducted on the topic are limited by methodological challenges. Our aim was to assess whether the duration of breastfeeding and age at complementary food introduction affected the prevalence of asthma, wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and eczema at two and six years of age. Methods We used information gathered between 2000 and 2014 through questionnaires in the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (PACT) study, a prospective cohort study in Trondheim, Norway. The current study includes 6802 children who submitted questionnaires detailing breastfeeding duration and or age at introduction to complementary foods, as well as at least one of the child health questionnaires completed at two and six years of age. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated for each combination of exposure and outcomes and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the possible influence of recall bias and reverse causality. Results The mean duration of breastfeeding was 11 months (SD 5.6) in this study population and 5695 of 6796 (84%) infants had been breastfed for at least 6 months. We did not find any conclusive preventative effect of longer breastfeeding on parental reported doctor-diagnosed asthma, aOR 0.79 (95% CI 0.51, 1.21). However, at 6 years of age we observed a reduction in the less strictly defined outcome wheeze, aOR 0.71 (95% CI 0.53, 0.95). Longer breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk of ARC at 2 years, aOR 0.65 (95% CI 0.49, 0.86), with a continued protective trend at 6 years, aOR 0.77 (95% CI 0.58, 1.04). Conclusions Longer breastfeeding resulted in a reduced risk of wheeze and a trend towards a protective effect on ARC up until school age. No conclusive associations were seen between the duration of breastfeeding or age at introduction to complementary foods and prevention of asthma, wheeze, ARC and eczema. Trial registration The trial is registered in Current Controlled Trials as ISRCTN28090297.

scholarly journals Predictors of Breastfeeding Duration among Women in Kuwait: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 711-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Dashti ◽  
Jane Scott ◽  
Christine Edwards ◽  
Mona Al-Sughayer
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration

Influences of Cesarean Delivery on Breastfeeding Practices and Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Shiting Xiang ◽  
Qiong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices

Background: Mothers are encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months. However, cesarean delivery rates have increased worldwide, which may affect breastfeeding. Research aim: This study aimed to determine the potential effects of cesarean delivery on breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding duration. Methods: This was a 6-month cohort study extracted from a 24-month prospective cohort study of mother–infant pairs in three communities in Hunan, China. Data about participants’ characteristics, delivery methods, breastfeeding initiation, use of formula in the hospital, exclusive breastfeeding, and any breastfeeding were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months following each infant’s birth. The chi-square test, logistic regression model, and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to examine the relationship between breastfeeding practices and cesarean delivery. Results: The number of women who had a cesarean delivery was 387 (40.6%), and 567 (59.4%) women had a vaginal delivery. The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1, 3, and 6 months were 80.2%, 67.4%, and 21.5%, respectively. Women who had a cesarean delivery showed a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding than those who had a vaginal delivery ( p < .05). In addition, cesarean delivery was related with using formula in the hospital and delayed breastfeeding initiation. Cesarean delivery also shortened the breastfeeding duration (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [1.06, 1.84]). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should provide more breastfeeding skills to women who have a cesarean delivery and warn mothers about the dangers of elective cesarean section for breastfeeding practices.

P6143Body-mass index, blood pressure, diabetes and cardiovascular mortality in Cuba: prospective cohort study of 146,665 participants

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B W H Lacey ◽  
N Armas ◽  
J A Burrett ◽  
R Peto ◽  
A Duenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of premature death in Cuba, accounting for about one third of all deaths under age 70 years. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, about the relevance of major metabolic risk factors to CVD mortality in this population. Purpose To relate body-mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diabetes to risk of CVD death in Cuba. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 146,665 adults were recruited from the general population in five areas of Cuba between 1996 and 2002. Participants were interviewed, measured (height, weight and blood pressure) and followed up by electronic linkage to Cuban national death registries to Jan 1 2017; 24,345 participants were resurveyed between 2006 and 2008. After excluding all with missing data or chronic disease at recruitment or, to further limit reverse causality, those who died in the first 5 years, Cox regression (adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol and, where appropriate, BMI) was used to relate mortality rate ratios (RRs) at ages 35–79 years to BMI, SBP and diabetes. Correlations of baseline and resurvey values were used to corrected RRs for regression dilution, and thereby estimate associations with long-term average (“usual”) levels of SBP and BMI. Results After exclusions, there were 117,008 participants age 35–79 (mean age 52 [SD 12]; 55% women). At recruitment, mean SBP was 124 mm Hg (SD 15), mean BMI was 24.2 kg/m2 (SD 3.6) and 5% had diabetes; mean SBP and diabetes prevalence were both strongly related to BMI. Correlations of resurvey and baseline measurements were 0.48 for SBP and 0.60 for BMI. At ages 35–79 years, there were 3780 CVD deaths (1871 ischaemic heart disease [IHD], 766 stroke, and 1143 other). CVD mortality was positively associated with BMI (down to about 22–23 kg/m2; figure), SBP and diabetes: 10 kg/m2 higher usual BMI approximately doubled CVD mortality (RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.61–2.24), as did 20 mmHg higher usual SBP (2.03, 1.88–2.20), and a prior diagnosis of diabetes (2.18, 1.97–2.42). The associations were similar in men and women. Given these associations, about one quarter (27%) of CVD deaths in this study were attributable to these metabolic risk factors combined. Conclusion These associations differ to those reported from other parts of Latin America, and are more consistent with studies in Europe and North America, highlighting the need for many more large-scale prospective studies in low and middle income countries. This study provides direct evidence for the expected benefit on CVD mortality of addressing major metabolic risk factors in Cuba. As the levels of these metabolic risk factors are increasing in Cuba, so too is their importance as determinants of premature CVD death. Acknowledgement/Funding Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK

scholarly journals Parent hazardous drinking and their children’s alcohol use in early and mid-adolescence: prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Sharmin ◽  
Kypros Kypri ◽  
Monika Wadolowski ◽  
Raimondo Bruno ◽  
Masuma Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Why adolescents’ drinking is associated with their parents’ drinking remains unclear. We examined associations in a prospective cohort study, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and family factors. Methods We recruited 1927 children from grade 7 classes (mean age 13 years), and one of their parents, in three Australian states, contacted participants annually from 2010 to 2014, and analysed data from assessments at ages 13, 14, 15 and 16 years. We used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) subscale to identify hazardous drinking in parents (score ≥5) and children (score ≥3) and constructed mixed-effect logistic regression models, accounting for clustering within school and adjusting for likely confounders. We evaluated the sensitivity of estimates by imputing missing values assuming the data were missing at random vs. missing not at random. Results Parent hazardous drinking predicted mid-adolescent hazardous drinking, e.g. 15 years olds whose parents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.00; 95% confidence interval 1.51–2.64] or parents’ partners (aOR 1.94; 1.48–2.55) were hazardous drinkers had higher odds of being hazardous drinkers at age 16. The magnitude of univariate associations changed little after adjusting for covariates, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the association, across a wide range of assumptions about the missing data. Conclusions The associations between parents’ and their adolescent children’s hazardous drinking are unlikely to be due to confounding by socio-demographic and family factors. Parents should be encouraged, and supported by public policy, to reduce their own alcohol consumption in order to reduce their children’s risk of becoming hazardous drinkers.

scholarly journals Low-Level Prenatal Toxin Exposures and Breastfeeding Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2245-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey B. Rosen-Carole ◽  
Peggy Auinger ◽  
Cynthia R. Howard ◽  
Elizabeth A. Brownell ◽  
Bruce P. Lanphear
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals The Early Introduction of Complementary (Solid) Foods: A Prospective Cohort Study of Infants in Chengdu, China

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Yu ◽  
Colin Binns ◽  
Andy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Semi Solid

The objective of this study was to document the types of foods introduced to infants before six months of age and identify factors associated with their early introduction. A prospective cohort study of infant feeding for the first six months after birth was undertaken in the city of Chengdu, PR China. The participants were 845 mothers who delivered their infants in hospitals in Chengdu. Mothers were interviewed within 15 days of giving birth and were followed up with for six months. The outcome measures were the introduction of complementary foods to infants within four and six months postpartum. Complementary foods are defined as any food, whether manufactured or locally prepared, used as a complement to breast milk or infant formula. In this study the emphasis was on solids and not liquid foods. More than 94% of the infants were given complementary foods (semi-solid or solid foods) before the age of six months and 10% by four months. The most commonly introduced food was infant cereal, which was given to three quarters of the infants by six months. Multivariate analysis showed that maternal education level was a significant factor affecting the introduction of complementary foods before four months, adjusted odds ratio 2.983 (1.232–7.219), with the more educated mothers introducing complementary foods earlier. More antenatal and postnatal health promotion efforts are required to highlight the benefits of introducing solid foods later than is the current practice in Chengdu, at or close to six months of age. Further education is also required for training health professionals including pediatricians, midwives, and community health staff.

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