scholarly journals Maternal experience of intimate partner violence is associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia: insights from a DHS analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine N. Walters ◽  
Hasina Rakotomanana ◽  
Joel J. Komakech ◽  
Barbara J. Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Experience ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Suboptimal Breastfeeding ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

Abstract Background Despite widespread suboptimal breastfeeding practices and maternal experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), the association of IPV and breastfeeding practices remains unclear. This study investigated the associations between maternal experience of physical, sexual, emotional violence, and controlling behaviors with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia. Methods Data included mother-infant dyads from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for Malawi (n = 1878), Tanzania (n = 3184), and Zambia (n = 3879). Intimate partner violence (physical, sexual, and emotional) was measured using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Breastfeeding practices were early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 h of birth), exclusive breastfeeding (in previous 24 h), and continued breastfeeding. Associations between experience of physical, sexual, or emotional violence or controlling behaviors and breastfeeding practices, as well as associations between the frequency of IPV and breastfeeding practices were assessed. Results Many Malawian (77.6%) and Zambian (67.7%) and just over half (53.6%) of Tanzanian mothers, initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding was 70.6% in Zambia and 60.1% in Malawi, while 55.0% of Tanzanian mothers breastfed exclusively. Continued breastfeeding to at least 1 year was high in Malawi 92.2%, Tanzania 93.4%, and Zambia 95.0%. Most mothers reported experiences of IPV in Tanzania 79.1%, Zambia 78.9%, and Malawi 73.9%. Mothers who experienced sexual IPV were significantly more likely to delay breastfeeding (Malawi [AOR 1.55 (1.14, 2.10)]; Tanzania [AOR 1.30 (1.04, 1.62)]; and Zambia [AOR 1.28 (1.06, 1.54)]). Sexual IPV in Malawi and Zambia was associated with greater odds of not exclusively breastfeeding (Malawi [AOR 1.90 (1.05, 3.45)]; Zambia [AOR 1.75 (1.15, 2.67)]). Tanzanian mothers who experienced IPV often or sometimes were two times more likely not to breastfeed at one-year post-delivery [AOR 2.23 (1.09,4.57)]. Conclusions In the three countries investigated maternal experience of IPV was associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Policies and programs targeting improved breastfeeding practices should consider screening during antenatal and postnatal care for experience of violence and support initiatives to reduce IPV.

scholarly journals Maternal Experience of Intimate Partner Violence Is Associated with Suboptimal Breastfeeding in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia: Insights from DHS Analyses (P10-059-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Walters ◽  
Hasina Rakotomanana ◽  
Joel Komakech ◽  
Barbara Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Maternal Experience ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Suboptimal Breastfeeding ◽  
Controlling Behaviors ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Objectives Maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) remains an overlooked variable in the context of breastfeeding in East Africa. Therefore, this study investigated the association between maternal experience of different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) and frequency of IPV and suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia. Methods Data were obtained from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for Malawi (n = 1878), Tanzania (n = 3184), and Zambia (n = 3879) and included mother-infant dyads. Outcomes were early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and continued breastfeeding. IPV was maternal reported experience of physical, sexual, or emotional violence or controlling behaviors and frequency of IPV. Significant bivariate results (P < 0.05) were included in the adjusted models in multivariate logistic regression. Results Most (80.4%) Malawian mothers initiated early breastfeeding, compared to mothers in Tanzania (53.4%) and Zambia (67.7%). Just over half (55.0%) of Tanzanian infants were exclusively breastfed while 60.1% and 70.6% of Malawian and Zambia infants were. Continued breastfeeding at 1 year was high in all countries; Malawi (91.0%), Tanzania (92.4%), Zambia (95.0%). In Zambia, 78.8% of mothers reported experiencing any form of IPV compared to 76.6% and 73.4% of Tanzanian and Malawian mothers who reported experiencing IPV. In all three countries, mothers who experienced emotional IPV were more likely not to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour after birth (Malawi [AOR = 1.37(1.05–1.79)]; Tanzania [AOR = 1.43(1.22–1.68)]; Zambia [AOR = 1.28(1.06–1.54)]). In Malawi and Zambia, women who frequently experienced any form of IPV were more likely not to have exclusively breastfed (Malawi [AOR = 1.88(1.17–3.04)]; Zambia [AOR = 1.96(1.35–2.85)]). Tanzanian mothers who experienced emotional IPV were nearly two times more likely not to continue breastfeeding until the child's first birthday [AOR = 1.94(1.03–3.66)]. Conclusions In all three countries, maternal experience of IPV was associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. The potential effects of maternal experience of IPV on breastfeeding should be considered when planning interventions and designing policies to improve breastfeeding in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia. Funding Sources None.

Intimate Partner Violence and Early Interruption of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Three First Months of Life

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Hasselmann ◽  
Ana Cristina Lindsay ◽  
Pamela J. Surkan ◽  
Gabriela Vasconcellos de Barro ◽  
Guilherme L. Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner

Coercive Controlling Behaviors and Reporting Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Australian Women: An Exploration

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122098593
Author(s):  
Brittany Patafio ◽  
Peter Miller ◽  
Arlene Walker ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Ashlee Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Differential Utility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

This study explores two approaches to measuring coercive controlling behaviors (CCBs)—counting how many different CCB types and examining the frequency of each CCB experienced—to examine their utility in explaining the relationship between CCBs and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Australian women aged 18–68 years ( n = 739; Mage = 31.58, SDage = 11.76) completed an online survey. Count and frequency CCB approaches yielded similar significant associations with increased physical IPV. Both approaches suggest that frightening behaviors in particular are significantly indicative of also experiencing physical IPV; however, when you count CCB types, public name-calling becomes important, whereas when you examine the frequency of each CCB type, jealousy/possessiveness becomes important. These findings suggest differential utility between measures of CCBs, which examine the frequency of specific CCB types and which count CCB types, and that both approaches are useful in understanding how coercion and control relate to physical violence within intimate relationships.

Perceptions of Contexts of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young, Partnered Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110014
Author(s):  
Rob Stephenson ◽  
Lynae A. Darbes ◽  
Matthew T Rosso ◽  
Catherine Washington ◽  
Lisa Hightow-Weidman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Male Couples ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

There has been a growth in research illustrating that gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at rates that are comparable to those among heterosexual women. However, the majority of research on IPV among same-sex male couples has focused on adults, and research on the experience of IPV among younger men (those aged under 18), remains at a nascent stage, despite knowledge that IPV is often common among younger men. This article adds to the growing body of literature on IPV among young GBMSM (YGBMSM) through of an analysis of qualitative data from in-depth interviews (IDI) with GBMSM aged 15–19 ( n = 30) in romantic relationships partnerships. The study sought to explore issues of relationship development, relationship contexts, and understandings of IPV. More than one-half of the sample reported experiencing some form of IPV in their current or past relationships. Participants described a range of experiences of IPV, including physical IPV, emotional IPV, sexual IPV, and controlling behaviors. Emotional IPV in the form of negative comments and controlling behaviors such as jealousy were the most commonly reported forms of violence behaviors. Although few participants reported experiencing physical or sexual IPV, several discussed concerns about giving, and partners’ acknowledging, sexual consent. Antecedents to IPV included wanting or feeling pressured to participate in normative development milestones, short-lived relationships, and societal stigma. Interventions that develop content on IPV and that reflect the lived realities of YGBMSM who are experiencing their first relationships are urgently needed. Study findings also support the need for training teachers, health care providers, and parents to identify signs of IPV and provide them with the knowledge and skills to talk to YGBMSM about relationships and violence to reduce IPV.

Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Individual, Community, and National Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110426
Author(s):  
Brittany E. Hayes ◽  
Michelle E. Protas
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
National Level ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative

Despite being a human rights violation, child marriage still takes place across the globe. Prior scholarship has shown early marriage to be associated with an increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). Drawing on data from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys—conducted in developing and transitional nations where rates of child marriage tend to be higher—the current study provides a cross-national examination of individual-, community-, and national-level predictors of child marriage and their association with physical and emotional IPV. The sample of ever married women includes 281,674 respondents across 46 developing and transitional nations. Findings reveal the prevalence of child marriage was largely consistent with worldwide estimates. Over half of the sample (59.97%) were over the age of 18 when they married and about 1 in 10 women were married at age 14 or younger. A later age at marriage, measured continuously, was associated with lower odds of physical and emotional IPV. When considering the 18 and over cutoff traditionally used to operationalize child marriage, the odds of physical and emotional IPV were lower for women who married over the age of 18 than women who were 14 and younger when they married. However, there was a confounding effect when considering age at marriage as 18 and over when community-level predictors were not included in the model estimating physical abuse. This underscores the need to consider the nested nature of respondents’ experiences. Further, national legislation that protects against child marriage was not associated with risk of physical or emotional IPV. However, population size increased the odds of physical IPV and lowered the odds of emotional IPV. Such findings can be interpreted in light of opportunity theory and provide direction for prevention and intervention programming.

scholarly journals Does Having a Living Child Increase Women’s Risk of Intimate Partner Violence? Evidence from 2008- 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bola Lukman Solanke ◽  
Femi Monday Ilevbare
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Living Child ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Counselling ◽  
Living Children

This study examined the relationship between number of living children and intimate partner violence. This was with the view to ascertaining whether having living children or not having a living child was associated with increased risk of intimate partner violence among currently married women in Nigeria. The study analyzed data from 2008-2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. The binary logistic regression was applied. Results showed that women who had two or more living children were 20.5% more likely to experience intimate partner violence compared with women who had no living child (OR=1.205; CI: 0.993-1.461). The study concluded that having living children increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence in Nigeria. Women experiencing intimate partner violence should seek psychosocial counselling to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence that may arise from childbearing.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence: Controlling Behavior and Triggers of Aggression

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Monteiro de Castro Bhona ◽  
Carla Ferreira de Paula Gebara ◽  
Ana Regina Noto ◽  
Lélio Moura Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Controlling Behavior ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

Abstract It is necessary to better understand the context in which intimate partner violence occurs. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of physical violence between intimate partners, based on the reports of women involved in these situations, by identifying the circumstances in which the physical violence occurs and the presence of controlling behavior in these relationships. We conducted a community survey using probabilistic sampling (144 women), administering the following instruments: socio-demographic questionnaire, CTS2, AUDIT. Fifty-seven women of our sample reported episodes of physical violence and were invited to participate in a semi-structured qualitative interview. Most of the reports obtained in the interviews did not confirm the episodes of physical violence initially identified by the scale, showing disagreements between the research instruments. Personal characteristics of the perpetrator of the violence, male alcohol use and aspects of the affective relationship were identified as important triggers of intimate partner violence. Controlling behaviors in combination with physical violence revealed varying degrees of domination occurring in the dyads.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence against Women Living in Inadequate Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10138
Author(s):  
Yaqing Gao ◽  
Yinping Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Mi ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Siyu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Country Specific

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a major public health problem and is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, little is known about its environmental determinants. This study aimed to investigate whether inadequate living conditions are associated with IPV victimization in women in SSA. We analyzed cross-sectional data for 102,714 women in 25 SSA countries obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program. Logistic regression was used to estimate the country-specific effects of inadequate living conditions (housing with at least one of four characteristics of unimproved water, unimproved sanitation, insufficient space, and unfinished materials) on multiple forms of IPV. Random effects meta-analysis was used to combined the country-specific estimates. We found an association between inadequate living conditions and a higher likelihood of experiencing any (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.23, p = 0.012), sexual (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34, p = 0.008), emotional (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23, p = 0.023), and physical (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.010) IPV. The associations were stronger for rural and less-educated women. These findings suggest that future research to establish a causal link between living conditions and IPV and to elucidate the underlying pathways is crucial to design IPV interventions in SSA.

scholarly journals Association between intimate partner violence and poor child growth: results from 42 demographic and health surveys

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Chai ◽  
Günther Fink ◽  
Sylvia Kaaya ◽  
Goodarz Danaei ◽  
Wafaie Fawzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Poor Child

Women and Men’s Use of Coercive Control in Intimate Partner Violence

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Robertson ◽  
Tamar Murachver
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Violent Relationships ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

This study examined the relationship between coercive control and intimate partner violence (IPV) for men and women and for targets and perpetrators. One hundred and seventy-two participants (85 men, 87 women) recruited from three samples reported on their own and their partner’s behavior. IPV was measured using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Coercive control was measured using modified items from the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory (PMWI). Coercive control was associated with IPV, and this relationship was similar for men and women across the three samples. In fact, coercive control was predominantly reciprocal in nature, with women and men reporting both receiving and perpetrating controlling behaviors. Overall, coercive controlling behaviors were characteristic of individuals within violent relationships, regardless of their physical abuse status. The experience of violence, rather than gender, was the best predictor of coercive control.

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