Intimate Partner Violence and Early Interruption of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Three First Months of Life

ObjectiveThe association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and breastfeeding is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to summarise the evidence of breastfeeding outcomes following exposure to IPV.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched for published studies without study design or language restrictions (up to July 2019) in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS and The Global Health Library. Studies assessing various breastfeeding outcomes (initiation, duration and exclusive breastfeeding) in women exposed to IPV in any form (physical, psychological or sexual) and at any stage (1 year pre-pregnancy, during or post-pregnancy) were included. Two authors independently selected the studies and conducted the quality appraisal by use of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results were summarised taking precision and quality into account.ResultsA total of 16 studies (participants n=414 393) were included and they adjusted for a total of 48 different confounders. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (n=11) and most studies were judged to be fair/low quality. Four out of seven studies found that IPV exposure shortened breastfeeding duration (adjusted ORs/aORs=0.22 (95% CI: 0.05–0.85), 1.18 (95% CI: 1.01–1.37), 5.92 (95% CI: 1.72–27.98), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.18–1.39)). Further, 5/10 studies found that IPV led to early termination of exclusive breastfeeding (aORs=1.53 (95% CI: 1.01–23.1), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.96), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.07–1.71), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07–0.4), 1839 (95% CI: 1.61–2911)) and 2/6 studies found that IPV significantly reduced breastfeeding initiation (aORs=2.00 (95% CI: 1.2–3.3), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.7–0.93)).ConclusionIPV exposure appears to associate negatively with some breastfeeding outcomes. Individual patient data meta-analysis is required to quantify the magnitude of the association for specific IPV-outcome combinations. More high-quality studies and definition of core confounders are warranted.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019129353.

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Intimate partner violence and exclusive breastfeeding of infants: analysis of the 2013 Nigeria demographic and health survey

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-021-00361-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tolulope Ariyo ◽

Quanbao Jiang

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health Survey ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Negative Effect

Abstract Background Existing knowledge on the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the context of Nigeria is minimal and limited to a lifelong measure of IPV experience. An abuse experienced a long time ago may not have as much negative effect as that encountered at a more proximal time to the breastfeeding phase. To this effect, we examined this relationship with maternal IPV experienced around the time of pregnancy and postpartum. Method We analyzed data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The sample includes 2668 breastfeeding mothers having a child aged under 6 months. The outcome variable was EBF or mixed-feeding (24 h recall). The exposure variables were: the maternal experience of psychological, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence. Also, there was an experience of any form of IPV and frequency score of intimate partner violence. Analysis includes chi-square and t-test bivariates, complete case and imputed logistic regressions for binary outcome. Results In the imputed analysis, compared to mothers who experienced no IPV, those who experienced IPV had a 26% reduced likelihood of EBF practice (AOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.55, 1.00). Also, a unit dose of maternal IPV experience was associated with a 5% reduced likelihood of EBF practice (AOR 0.69; 95% CI 0.49, 0.98). Among the three forms of IPV, physical IPV had the highest effect size. Physical IPV was associated with a 37% reduced likelihood of EBF practice (AOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.44, 0.90), while psychological IPV was associated with a 34% reduced likelihood of EBF practice (AOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.47, 0.92), when compared to the respective reference groups. On the other hand, those who reported sexual IPV were just as likely to breastfeed as those who did not (AOR 0.94; 95% CI 0.62, 1.41). Conclusions In this study, maternal IPV is associated with EBF practice. Policies aimed at promoting EBF should also be framed to combat IPV against pregnant women and nursing mothers.

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Intimate partner violence and early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first three months of life

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00017816 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maria Helena Hasselmann ◽

Ana Cristina Lindsay ◽

Pamela J. Surkan ◽

Gabriela Vasconcellos de Barros Vianna ◽

Guilherme L. Werneck

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Health Clinics ◽

Conflict Tactics Scales ◽

24 Hour Recall ◽

Conflict Tactics

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of intimate partner violence in the early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first three months of life. We used data from a prospective cohort of 564 children attending four primary health clinics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Interruption of exclusive breastfeeding was defined as a child receiving any kind of liquid or solid, regardless of breast milk intake, measured by a 24 hour recall. The Portuguese version of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-1) was used to assess intimate partner violence. Associations were expressed as prevalence ratios and relative risks and their respective 95% confidence intervals. Children of mothers who experienced severe violence had 30% greater likelihood of early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the second month of life as compared to those who did not experience this type of violence. Strategies in health services for promoting exclusive breastfeeding should consider identifying and addressing family violence.

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Intimate partner violence and subsequent premature termination of exclusive breastfeeding: A cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0217479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. e0217479 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frederikke Kjerulff Madsen ◽

Christina Elise Holm-Larsen ◽

Chunsen Wu ◽

Jane Rogathi ◽

Rachel Manongi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Premature Termination ◽

Intimate Partner

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EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND MATERNAL SELF-EFFICACY AMONG WOMEN OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE SITUATIONS

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-07072016002910015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Marina Bandim Mariano ◽

Juliana Cristina dos Santos Monteiro ◽

Juliana Stefanello ◽

Flávia Azevedo Gomes-Sponholz ◽

Mônica Oliveira Batista Oriá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Practices ◽

Service Data

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the practice of breastfeeding among women in intimate partner violence situation during the current pregnancy for the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, the level of self-efficacy in breastfeeding, related factors from the beginning, the establishment of breastfeeding and early weaning. Cross-sectional study. 63 women in intimate partner violence situation in the current pregnancy participated, identified by survey in antenatal service. Data collection was performed in the prenatal and postpartum period. We used a questionnaire to identify the intimate partner violence, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and medical record information. The average days of exclusive breastfeeding was 19.08. There was no statistically significant association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding at 30 and 70 days postpartum and intimate partner violence and care practices with level of self-efficacy to breastfeed. We found association between the type of breastfeeding at 30 and 70 days postpartum and better conditions vital of newborns with level of self-efficacy to breastfeed.

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Intimate partner violence identified through routine antenatal screening and maternal and perinatal health outcomes

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2527-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karina Chaves ◽

John Eastwood ◽

Felix A. Ogbo ◽

Alexandra Hendry ◽

Bin Jalaludin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Maternal And Newborn Health ◽

Postnatal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Background This study investigated the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) identified on routine prenatal screening and perinatal outcomes for mother and infant. Methods Routinely collected perinatal data for a cohort of all women and their infants born in public health facilities in Sydney (Australia) over the period 2014–2016 (N = 52,509) were analysed to investigate the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with a history of IPV. The association between an affirmative response on prenatal IPV screening and low birth weight (LBW) < 2.5 kg, preterm birth < 37 weeks, breastfeeding indicators and postnatal depressive symptoms (PND) was investigated in a series of logistic regression models. Results IPV was associated with an increased risk of PND (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.76–3.63), not breastfeeding at birth (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.30–2.09), non-exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.33–2.07) and first post-natal visit (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.24–1.91). Self-reported fear of a partner was strongly associated with an increased risk of PND (OR = 3.53, 95% CI 2.50–5.00), and also LBW (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.12–2.22), preterm birth (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.08–1.76), lack of early initiation of breastfeeding (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.28–2.17), non-exclusive breastfeeding at discharge from hospital (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.24–2.06) and at the first post-natal visit (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.99–3.04). Conclusions IPV reported at the time of pregnancy was associated with adverse infant and maternal health outcomes. Although women may be disinclined to report IPV during pregnancy, universal, routine antenatal assessment for IPV is essential for early identification and appropriate management to improve maternal and newborn health.

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Maternal experience of intimate partner violence is associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia: insights from a DHS analysis

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-021-00365-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christine N. Walters ◽

Hasina Rakotomanana ◽

Joel J. Komakech ◽

Barbara J. Stoecker

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Maternal Experience ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Policies And Programs ◽

Suboptimal Breastfeeding ◽

Controlling Behaviors

Abstract Background Despite widespread suboptimal breastfeeding practices and maternal experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), the association of IPV and breastfeeding practices remains unclear. This study investigated the associations between maternal experience of physical, sexual, emotional violence, and controlling behaviors with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia. Methods Data included mother-infant dyads from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for Malawi (n = 1878), Tanzania (n = 3184), and Zambia (n = 3879). Intimate partner violence (physical, sexual, and emotional) was measured using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Breastfeeding practices were early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 h of birth), exclusive breastfeeding (in previous 24 h), and continued breastfeeding. Associations between experience of physical, sexual, or emotional violence or controlling behaviors and breastfeeding practices, as well as associations between the frequency of IPV and breastfeeding practices were assessed. Results Many Malawian (77.6%) and Zambian (67.7%) and just over half (53.6%) of Tanzanian mothers, initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding was 70.6% in Zambia and 60.1% in Malawi, while 55.0% of Tanzanian mothers breastfed exclusively. Continued breastfeeding to at least 1 year was high in Malawi 92.2%, Tanzania 93.4%, and Zambia 95.0%. Most mothers reported experiences of IPV in Tanzania 79.1%, Zambia 78.9%, and Malawi 73.9%. Mothers who experienced sexual IPV were significantly more likely to delay breastfeeding (Malawi [AOR 1.55 (1.14, 2.10)]; Tanzania [AOR 1.30 (1.04, 1.62)]; and Zambia [AOR 1.28 (1.06, 1.54)]). Sexual IPV in Malawi and Zambia was associated with greater odds of not exclusively breastfeeding (Malawi [AOR 1.90 (1.05, 3.45)]; Zambia [AOR 1.75 (1.15, 2.67)]). Tanzanian mothers who experienced IPV often or sometimes were two times more likely not to breastfeed at one-year post-delivery [AOR 2.23 (1.09,4.57)]. Conclusions In the three countries investigated maternal experience of IPV was associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Policies and programs targeting improved breastfeeding practices should consider screening during antenatal and postnatal care for experience of violence and support initiatives to reduce IPV.

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