scholarly journals Improving the estimation of alpine grassland fractional vegetation cover using optimized algorithms and multi-dimensional features

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingchen Lin ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Peiqing Lou ◽  
Shuhua Yi ◽  
Yu Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Alpine Grassland ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Selection Algorithms ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is an important basic parameter for the quantitative monitoring of the alpine grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) acquisition of measured data and matching it with satellite remote sensing images at the pixel scale, the proper selection of driving data and inversion algorithms can be determined and is crucial for generating high-precision alpine grassland FVC products. Methods This study presents estimations of alpine grassland FVC using optimized algorithms and multi-dimensional features. The multi-dimensional feature set (using original spectral bands, 22 vegetation indices, and topographical factors) was constructed from many sources of information, then the optimal feature subset was determined based on different feature selection algorithms as the driving data for optimized machine learning algorithms. Finally, the inversion accuracy, sensitivity to sample size, and computational efficiency of the four machine learning algorithms were evaluated. Results (1) The random forest (RF) algorithm (R2: 0.861, RMSE: 9.5%) performed the best for FVC inversion among the four machine learning algorithms driven by the four typical vegetation indices. (2) Compared with the four typical vegetation indices, using multi-dimensional feature sets as driving data obviously improved the FVC inversion accuracy of the four machine learning algorithms (R2 of the RF algorithm increased to 0.890). (3) Among the three variable selection algorithms (Boruta, sequential forward selection [SFS], and permutation importance-recursive feature elimination [PI-RFE]), the constructed PI-RFE feature selection algorithm had the best dimensionality reduction effect on the multi-dimensional feature set. (4) The hyper-parameter optimization of the machine learning algorithms and feature selection of the multi-dimensional feature set further improved FVC inversion accuracy (R2: 0.917 and RMSE: 7.9% in the optimized RF algorithm). Conclusion This study provides a highly precise, optimized algorithm with an optimal multi-dimensional feature set for FVC inversion, which is vital for the quantitative monitoring of the ecological environment of alpine grassland.

AUTOMATED SELECTION OF INPUTS FOR LOG PREDICTION MODELS USING A NEW FEATURE SELECTION METHOD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Arkalgud ◽  
◽  
Andrew McDonald ◽  
Ross Brackenridge ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Target Feature ◽  
Geomechanical Properties ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Selection Of

Automation is becoming an integral part of our daily lives as technology and techniques rapidly develop. Many automation workflows are now routinely being applied within the geoscience domain. The basic structure of automation and its success of modelling fundamentally hinges on the appropriate choice of parameters and speed of processing. The entire process demands that the data being fed into any machine learning model is essentially of good quality. The technological advances in well logging technology over decades have enabled the collection of vast amounts of data across wells and fields. This poses a major issue in automating petrophysical workflows. It necessitates to ensure that, the data being fed is appropriate and fit for purpose. The selection of features (logging curves) and parameters for machine learning algorithms has therefore become a topic at the forefront of related research. Inappropriate feature selections can lead erroneous results, reduced precision and have proved to be computationally expensive. Experienced Eye (EE) is a novel methodology, derived from Domain Transfer Analysis (DTA), which seeks to identify and elicit the optimum input curves for modelling. During the EE solution process, relationships between the input variables and target variables are developed, based on characteristics and attributes of the inputs instead of statistical averages. The relationships so developed between variables can then be ranked appropriately and selected for modelling process. This paper focuses on three distinct petrophysical data scenarios where inputs are ranked prior to modelling: prediction of continuous permeability from discrete core measurements, porosity from multiple logging measurements and finally the prediction of key geomechanical properties. Each input curve is ranked against a target feature. For each case study, the best ranked features were carried forward to the modelling stage, and the results are validated alongside conventional interpretation methods. Ranked features were also compared between different machine learning algorithms: DTA, Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regression. Results are compared with the available data for various case studies. The use of the new feature selection has been proven to improve accuracy and precision of prediction results from multiple modelling algorithms.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Intelligent System Framework for the Prediction of Heart Disease Using Machine Learning Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Ul Haq ◽  
Jian Ping Li ◽  
Muhammad Hammad Memon ◽  
Shah Nazir ◽  
Ruinan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Validation Method ◽  
Selection Algorithms

Heart disease is one of the most critical human diseases in the world and affects human life very badly. In heart disease, the heart is unable to push the required amount of blood to other parts of the body. Accurate and on time diagnosis of heart disease is important for heart failure prevention and treatment. The diagnosis of heart disease through traditional medical history has been considered as not reliable in many aspects. To classify the healthy people and people with heart disease, noninvasive-based methods such as machine learning are reliable and efficient. In the proposed study, we developed a machine-learning-based diagnosis system for heart disease prediction by using heart disease dataset. We used seven popular machine learning algorithms, three feature selection algorithms, the cross-validation method, and seven classifiers performance evaluation metrics such as classification accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, Matthews’ correlation coefficient, and execution time. The proposed system can easily identify and classify people with heart disease from healthy people. Additionally, receiver optimistic curves and area under the curves for each classifier was computed. We have discussed all of the classifiers, feature selection algorithms, preprocessing methods, validation method, and classifiers performance evaluation metrics used in this paper. The performance of the proposed system has been validated on full features and on a reduced set of features. The features reduction has an impact on classifiers performance in terms of accuracy and execution time of classifiers. The proposed machine-learning-based decision support system will assist the doctors to diagnosis heart patients efficiently.

scholarly journals Selection of Suitable Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification Tasks in Reverse Logistics

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Hannah Lickert ◽  
Aleksandra Wewer ◽  
Sören Dittmann ◽  
Pinar Bilge ◽  
Franz Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Tasks ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Techniques for Detecting Malware Traffic: A Comprehensive Approach to Feature Selection and Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Harsha A K
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Malware Detection ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting

Abstract: Since the advent of encryption, there has been a steady increase in malware being transmitted over encrypted networks. Traditional approaches to detect malware like packet content analysis are inefficient in dealing with encrypted data. In the absence of actual packet contents, we can make use of other features like packet size, arrival time, source and destination addresses and other such metadata to detect malware. Such information can be used to train machine learning classifiers in order to classify malicious and benign packets. In this paper, we offer an efficient malware detection approach using classification algorithms in machine learning such as support vector machine, random forest and extreme gradient boosting. We employ an extensive feature selection process to reduce the dimensionality of the chosen dataset. The dataset is then split into training and testing sets. Machine learning algorithms are trained using the training set. These models are then evaluated against the testing set in order to assess their respective performances. We further attempt to tune the hyper parameters of the algorithms, in order to achieve better results. Random forest and extreme gradient boosting algorithms performed exceptionally well in our experiments, resulting in area under the curve values of 0.9928 and 0.9998 respectively. Our work demonstrates that malware traffic can be effectively classified using conventional machine learning algorithms and also shows the importance of dimensionality reduction in such classification problems. Keywords: Malware Detection, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Feature Selection.

scholarly journals Evaluating Variable Selection and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimating Forest Heights by Combining Lidar and Hyperspectral Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Sanjiwana Arjasakusuma ◽  
Sandiaga Swahyu Kusuma ◽  
Stuart Phinn
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Forest Height ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting

Machine learning has been employed for various mapping and modeling tasks using input variables from different sources of remote sensing data. For feature selection involving high- spatial and spectral dimensionality data, various methods have been developed and incorporated into the machine learning framework to ensure an efficient and optimal computational process. This research aims to assess the accuracy of various feature selection and machine learning methods for estimating forest height using AISA (airborne imaging spectrometer for applications) hyperspectral bands (479 bands) and airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) height metrics (36 metrics), alone and combined. Feature selection and dimensionality reduction using Boruta (BO), principal component analysis (PCA), simulated annealing (SA), and genetic algorithm (GA) in combination with machine learning algorithms such as multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), extra trees (ET), support vector regression (SVR) with radial basis function, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) with trees (XGbtree and XGBdart) and linear (XGBlin) classifiers were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the combinations of BO-XGBdart and BO-SVR delivered the best model performance for estimating tropical forest height by combining lidar and hyperspectral data, with R2 = 0.53 and RMSE = 1.7 m (18.4% of nRMSE and 0.046 m of bias) for BO-XGBdart and R2 = 0.51 and RMSE = 1.8 m (15.8% of nRMSE and −0.244 m of bias) for BO-SVR. Our study also demonstrated the effectiveness of BO for variables selection; it could reduce 95% of the data to select the 29 most important variables from the initial 516 variables from lidar metrics and hyperspectral data.

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