scholarly journals Consensus recommendations for management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaaeldin Bashier ◽  
Azza Bin Hussain ◽  
Elamin Abdelgadir ◽  
Fatheya Alawadi ◽  
Hani Sabbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Consensus Recommendation

Abstract The recent American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes guideline mentioned glycaemia management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, it did not cover the treatment approaches for patients with T2DM having a high risk of CVD, and treatment and screening approaches for CVDs in patients with concomitant T2DM. This consensus guideline undertakes the data obtained from all the cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) to propose approaches for the T2DM management in presence of CV comorbidities. For patients at high risk of CVD, metformin is the drug of choice to manage the T2DM to achieve a patient specific HbA1c target. In case of established CVD, a combination of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with proven CV benefits is recommended along with metformin, while for chronic kidney disease or heart failure, a sodium–glucose transporter proteins-2 inhibitor with proven benefit is advised. This document also summarises various screening and investigational approaches for the major CV events with their accuracy and specificity along with the treatment guidance to assist the healthcare professionals in selecting the best management strategies for every individual. Since lifestyle modification and management plays an important role in maintaining the effectiveness of the pharmacological therapies, authors of this consensus recommendation have also briefed on the patient-centric non-pharmacological management of T2DM and CVD.

scholarly journals Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose transporter type 2 and new possibilities for managing vascular age in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
I. Sh. Khalimov ◽  
Yu. Ye. Rubtsov ◽  
V. V. Salukhov ◽  
P. V. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Vascular Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Vascular Age

The article discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of vascular aging as a combination of the influence on the  body of  genetic, environmental, regulatory, metabolic and other factors causing biochemical, enzymatic and cellular changes in the arterial vascular bed. The concept of “early vascular aging” and “healthy vascular aging” is defined depending on the ratio of the biological and chronological age of the vessels. The role of diabetes mellitus in increasing vascular stiffness, early vascular aging, as well as the  progression of  atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their complications is considered in detail. Approaches to multifactorial management of vascular age in patients with type 2 diabetes (lifestyle modification with strategy of aggressive treatment of modifiers of atherosclerosis, rejection of bad habits, adherence to dietary recommendations and the use of modern organo- and vasoprotective antidiabetic drugs) are revealed. The mechanism of realization of vasoprotective effects of inhibitors of sodium-glucose transporter-2 (iNGLT-2) is described in detail. The results of completed large random ized trials EMPA-REG Outcome and EMPA-REG BP of the most studied representative of the IGLT-2 group, empagliflozin, are presented. It has been shown that due to their glucose and natriuretic effects, the ability to reduce body weight and blood pressure, improve myocardial metabolism and bioenergetics, decrease the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, as well as positive effects on vascular stiffness, NGLT-2 inhibitors are the drugs of choice in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. This makes it possible to widely use this group of drugs for managing the vascular age of patients and represents a new opportunity in the prevention of vascular aging in T2DM. 

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Risks of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Carlos Sotomayor-Beltran ◽  
Rosa Perez-Siguas ◽  
Eduardo Matta-Solis ◽  
Hernan Matta-Solis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has significantly increased in the past decades due to changes in lifestyles. This chronic disease is expected to be ranked in the seventh position by the year 2030 among the 15 leading causes of death. Poorly treated T2DM can be an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well (CVD). Objective: We have sought to determine a relationship between the risks of developing T2DM and CVD in a healthcare facility in the district of Breña (Lima, Peru). Methods: The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score survey and the Pan American Health Organization risk calculator were used on a sample of 150 patients. The inclusion criteria were: patient age 40-80 years, attended their medical appointment more than once, were overweight or showed cholesterol levels above normal values and lived within the catchment area of the healthcare center where the study was carried out. Results: Only 8.7% of our sample was at a low risk of developing T2DM, whereas the rest was at a slightly elevated, moderate and high risk. Additionally, 79.3% of the patients were at low risk of developing CVD. Using the Fisher’s Exact test, there was a significant difference (p=0.026) between the risk grading of developing T2DM and CVD. Conclusion: The risk of developing CVD in our population is expected to rise in the future due to the already observed high risk of developing T2DM. It is hoped that this work serves Peruvian (and other) health authorities to bolster their prevention programs, especially focusing on lifestyle interventions (e.g. increased physical activity), which have proven to be successful and economical.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy and Mechanisms of Actions of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and High Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
S. R. Gilarevsky
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

  The article discusses issues of reducing the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the treatment with modern hypoglycemic drugs, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

Epidemiology of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo ◽  
Jose Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Natalia Alarcon-Ariza ◽  
Margarita Mogollon-Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and near to 40% are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has been also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the Unit Nations of decrease the premature mortality for CVD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy among aged with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with cardiovascular diseases

QJM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Amer ◽  
T M Farid ◽  
N N Adly ◽  
M A A G Shawkat ◽  
O H Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases
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