scholarly journals Significance of serum branched-chain amino acid to tyrosine ratio measurement in athletes with high skeletal muscle mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽  
Ryutaro Matsumoto ◽  
Kazumi Ushiki ◽  
Larasati Martha ◽  
Yoshifumi Shoho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Hypermetabolic State ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background Few nutritional markers reflect the hypermetabolic state of athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle. Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play crucial roles in protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and amino acid imbalances caused by the metabolism of BCAA and aromatic amino acids remains unclear. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle mass have plasma amino acid imbalances, assessed by serum BCAA to tyrosine ratio (BTR) which can be measured conveniently. Methods The study enrolled 111 young Japanese men: 70 wrestling athletes and 41 controls. None of them were under any medications, extreme dietary restrictions or intense exercise regimens. Each participant’s body composition, serum concentrations of albumin and rapid turnover proteins including transthyretin and transferrin, BTR, and thyroid function were assessed. Results Compared to the controls, the athletes had significantly higher skeletal muscle index (SMI) (p < 0.001), and lower serum albumin concentration (p < 0.001) and BTR (p < 0.001). Kruskal–Wallis tests showed that serum albumin concentration and BTR were significantly lower in the participants with higher SMI. Serum albumin concentration and BTR were inversely correlated with SMI by multiple regression analysis (logarithmic albumin, β = − 0.358, p < 0.001; BTR, β = − 0.299, p = 0.001). SMI was inversely and transthyretin was positively correlated with serum albumin (SMI, β = − 0.554, p < 0.001; transthyretin, β = 0.379, p < 0.001). Serum concentration of free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (FT3) was inversely correlated with BTR, and, along with SMI and albumin, was independent predictor of BTR (SMI, β = − 0.321, p < 0.001; FT3, β = − 0.253, p = 0.001; logarithmic albumin, β = 0.261, p = 0.003). However, FT3 was not correlated with SMI or serum albumin. Serum concentrations of rapid turnover proteins were not correlated with BTR. Conclusions Increased skeletal muscle mass enhances the circulating amino acid imbalances, and is independently facilitated by thyroid hormones. Serum BTR may be a useful biomarker to assess the hypermetabolic state of wrestling athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Significance of serum branched-chain amino acid to tyrosine ratio measurement in athletes with high skeletal muscle mass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽  
Ryutaro Matsumoto ◽  
Kazumi Ushiki ◽  
Larasati Martha ◽  
Yoshifumi Shoho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Hypermetabolic State ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background Few nutritional markers reflect the hypermetabolic state of athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle. Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play crucial roles in protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, the relationship between circulating BCAA concentration and skeletal muscle mass has not been fully understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between skeletal muscle mass and serum BCAA to tyrosine ratio (BTR), a convenient indicator of circulating BCAA, in young Japanese men including wrestling athletes with high skeletal muscle mass. Methods The study enrolled 111 young Japanese men: 70 wrestling athletes and 41 controls. None were taking medications or undergoing extreme dietary restriction or an intense exercise regimen. Each participant’s body composition, serum concentrations of albumin and rapid turnover proteins including transthyretin and transferrin, BTR, and thyroid function were assessed. Results Compared to the controls, the athletes had significantly higher skeletal muscle index (SMI) (p < 0.001), and lower serum albumin concentration (p < 0.001) and BTR (p < 0.001). Kruskal–Wallis tests showed that serum albumin concentration and BTR were significantly lower in the participants with higher SMI. Serum albumin concentration and BTR were inversely correlated with SMI by multiple regression analysis (logarithmic albumin, β = −0.358, p < 0.001; BTR, β = −0.299, p = 0.001). SMI was inversely and transthyretin was positively correlated with serum albumin (SMI, β = −0.554, p < 0.001; transthyretin, β = 0.379, p < 0.001). Serum concentration of free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (FT3) was inversely correlated with BTR, and, along with SMI and albumin, was independent predictor of BTR (SMI, β = −0.321, p < 0.001; FT3, β = −0.253, p = 0.001; logarithmic albumin, β = 0.261, p = 0.003), but was not correlated with SMI or serum albumin. Serum concentrations of rapid turnover proteins were not correlated with BTR. Conclusions These results suggest that increased skeletal muscle mass enhances the consumption of circulating BCAAs, facilitated by thyroid hormones independently. Serum BTR may be a useful biomarker to assess the hypermetabolic state of wrestling athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acid Concentrations are Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass and Thyroid Function in Young Japanese Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽  
Ryutaro Matsumoto ◽  
Kazumi Ushiki ◽  
Larasati Martha ◽  
Yoshifumi Shoho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Hypermetabolic State ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background Few nutritional markers reflect the hypermetabolic state of athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle. Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play crucial roles in protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, the relation between circulating BCAA concentration and skeletal muscle mass has not been fully understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between skeletal muscle mass and serum BCAA to tyrosine ratio (BTR), a convenient indicator of circulating BCAA, in young Japanese men including wrestling athletes with high skeletal muscle mass. Methods The study enrolled 111 young Japanese men: 70 wrestling athletes and 41 controls. None were taking medications or undergoing extreme dietary restriction or an intense exercise regimen. Each participant’s body composition, serum concentrations of albumin and rapid turnover proteins, BTR, and thyroid function were assessed. Results Compared to the controls, the athletes had significantly higher weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass (SMM) ( p < 0.001) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) ( p < 0.001), and lower serum albumin concentration ( p < 0.001) and BTR ( p < 0.001). Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests showed that serum albumin concentration and BTR were significantly lower in the participants with higher SMM and SMI. Spearman's correlation analyses showed that SMM and SMI were inversely correlated with serum albumin concentration (SMM, ρ = −0.315, p = 0.001; SMI, ρ = −0.511, p < 0.001) and BTR (SMM, ρ = −0.424, p < 0.001; SMI, ρ = −0.511, p < 0.001). Serum albumin concentration was positively correlated with BTR (ρ = 0.438, p < 0.001), transthyretin (ρ = 0.281, p = 0.003) and transferrin (ρ = 0.299, p = 0.001), but BTR was not correlated with other nutritional indicators. Serum concentration of free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine was inversely correlated with BTR (ρ = −0.308, p = 0.001), but not with serum albumin or skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions These results suggest that the consumption of circulating BCAAs increases with increased skeletal muscle mass and is facilitated by thyroid hormones independent of skeletal muscle mass. Serum BTR may be a useful biomarker to assess the hypermetabolic state of athletes.

scholarly journals Circulating branched-chain amino acid concentrations are associated with skeletal muscle mass and thyroid function in young Japanese men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽  
Ryutaro Matsumoto ◽  
Kazumi Ushiki ◽  
Larasati Martha ◽  
Yoshifumi Shoho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Hypermetabolic State ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background Few nutritional markers reflect the hypermetabolic state of athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle. Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play crucial roles in protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, the relation between circulating BCAA concentration and skeletal muscle mass has not been fully understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between skeletal muscle mass and serum BCAA to tyrosine ratio (BTR), a convenient indicator of circulating BCAA, in young Japanese men including wrestling athletes with high skeletal muscle mass. Methods The study enrolled 111 young Japanese men: 70 wrestling athletes and 41 controls. None were taking medications or undergoing extreme dietary restriction or an intense exercise regimen. Each participant’s body composition, serum concentrations of albumin and rapid turnover proteins, BTR, and thyroid function were assessed. Results Compared to the controls, the athletes had significantly higher weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (p < 0.001) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) (p < 0.001), and lower serum albumin concentration (p < 0.001) and BTR (p < 0.001). Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests showed that serum albumin concentration and BTR were significantly lower in the participants with higher SMM and SMI. Spearman's correlation analyses showed that SMM and SMI were inversely correlated with serum albumin concentration (SMM, ρ = −0.315, p = 0.001; SMI, ρ = −0.511, p < 0.001) and BTR (SMM, ρ = −0.424, p < 0.001; SMI, ρ = −0.511, p < 0.001). Serum albumin concentration was positively correlated with BTR (ρ = 0.438, p < 0.001), transthyretin (ρ = 0.281, p = 0.003) and transferrin (ρ = 0.299, p = 0.001), but BTR was not correlated with other nutritional indicators. Serum concentration of free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine was inversely correlated with BTR (ρ = −0.308, p = 0.001), but not with serum albumin or skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions These results suggest that the consumption of circulating BCAAs increases with increased skeletal muscle mass and is facilitated by thyroid hormones independent of skeletal muscle mass. Serum BTR may be a useful biomarker to assess the hypermetabolic state of athletes.

scholarly journals Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ha Cao Thi Thu ◽  
Satoshi Kurose ◽  
Yaeko Fukushima ◽  
Nana Takao ◽  
Natsuko Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Supplement Group

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

scholarly journals Lower serum albumin concentration and change in muscle mass: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Stephen B Kritchevsky ◽  
Anne B Newman ◽  
Bret H Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Composition Study

scholarly journals Lower serum albumin concentration and change in muscle mass: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Stephen B Kritchevsky ◽  
Anne B Newman ◽  
Bret H Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Composition Study

scholarly journals Comparative study of the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and oral administration of branched-chain amino acid on preventing sarcopenia in patients after living-donor liver transplantation: study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Haraguchi ◽  
Kunihiro Ichinose ◽  
Hisamitsu Miyaaki ◽  
Masatoshi Hanada ◽  
Masanori Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background Liver cirrhosis is the irreversible fibrosis of the liver and causes refractory ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, which might not respond to treatment. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an effective treatment for patients with cirrhosis. However, post-LDLT patients are prone to muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Therefore, physiotherapy of post-LDLT patients is essential for preventing the progression of sarcopenia. Recently, rehabilitation using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported to be useful for preventing the progression of sarcopenia. Similarly, nutrition therapy is essential for post-LDLT patients because these patients frequently experience malnutrition. However, the effects of combined NMES and nutrition therapy on post-LDLT patients remain unknown. Methods/design This open-label, randomized, parallel-group study will compare the effects of combined therapy with NMES and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) with those of NMES alone in patients with decompensated cirrhosis after LDLT. After LDLT, 50 patients with decompensated cirrhosis will be randomly assigned to receive NMES with BCAA or NMES without BCAA. The duration of the intervention will be 3 months. To analyze the change in skeletal muscle mass, InBody 770 body composition and body water analysis and ultrasonography will be performed before LDLT and 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-LDLT. The primary endpoint is changes in the skeletal muscle mass from baseline to 3 months. Important secondary endpoints are the changes in the skeletal muscle mass from baseline to 1 month and changes in the quadriceps strength from baseline to 1 month. Discussion The results of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effect of NMES combined with BCAA therapy on the skeletal muscle of post-LDLT patients. Trial registration Japan Registry of Clinical Research jRCTs071190051. Registered on February 26, 2020.

scholarly journals Estimation of Dietary Amino Acid Intake and Independent Correlates of Skeletal Muscle Mass Index among Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjeong Chae ◽  
Hyoungsu Park ◽  
Kyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index

The aim of this study was to develop a database to identify dietary amino acid intake levels, and to determine whether any amino acid groups were independently correlated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011, and a total of 3292 participants aged 50–64 years were included in the analysis. Dietary data were obtained using the 24 h recall method. Data regarding dietary amino acid intake was assessed using the computer-aided nutritional analysis program 4.0 published by the Korean Nutrition Society. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify independent correlates of SMI. The major food group that contributed the highest essential amino acid intake was grain and grain products (histidine 25.5%, isoleucine 43.9%, leucine 44.2%, methionine 31.0%, phenylalanine 44.8%, tryptophan 26.4%, and valine 50.8%). Higher SMI was independently associated with sex (men), lower age and body mass index, higher levels of physical activity, and a higher intake of energy and branched-chain amino acids. These results are expected to be used as a basis for developing dietary amino acid intake guidelines for Koreans.

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