composition study
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Tsyr Wei ◽  
Tzu-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Daniel Fellman ◽  
Richard Bränström ◽  
Agneta Herlitz

AbstractAre we affected by growing up in either female or male environment? This study examined whether girls’ and boys’ academic strengths at age 16 in verbal/language school subjects, relative to technical/numerical subjects, and cognitive demands of a chosen occupation at age 35 are influenced by having same- or opposite-sex siblings. Using representative population data from Swedish registers, we extracted (Study 1) 3-sibling families (N = 17,233), focusing on the mid-born, and (Study 2) 2-sibling families (N = 118,688), focusing on the last-born child. Both studies demonstrated that individuals’ academic strengths were unaffected by sibship composition. Study 2 showed that boys with a sister tended to choose more numerically demanding occupations as compared to boys with a brother. Taken together, growing up in a more or less female or male environment, that is, having same- or opposite-sex siblings does not impact one’s tendency to be academically more or less verbally or numerically aligned.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
N.P. Karpenko ◽  
I.V. Glazunova

The findings of the researches on the geoecological conditions of the natural environmental components if discharging chemical-pharmaceutical effluents into surface watercourse have been given consideration and the methodology of the ecological situation based on geoecological risks has been developped. The effluents composition study of the plant purification facilities has been performed, the pollutants composition and concentration, including heavy metals, oil products, radioactive substances, volatile and semi-volatile compounds have been studied. The quantitive evaluation of the environmental and economic damage to the river Shalovka caused by the poor operational waste discharged has been performed. Compensatory environmental actions to implement innovative modern technologies for deepening purification of contaminated effluents will improve the geoecological situation in the area.


Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Perevoznikov ◽  
Ilya V. Yakovlev ◽  
Ludmila S. Tsybulskaya ◽  
Olga B. Lapina

Nickel phosphides NixPy are a promising family of binary compounds that have shown much promise in various fields of technology, including energy storage, light absorption and heterogeneous catalysis in the reactions of biomass hydrogenation. The performance of NixPy-containing materials depends greatly on their morphology and phase composition and, in turn, on the synthesis technique. In this work, we have employed the electroplating approach to synthesize a Ni-P coating, which was treated with nitric acid in order to develop its surface area and enrich it with phosphorus. We have employed scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to characterize the particles separated from the coating with ultrasound for the convenience of the study. According to experimental data, the obtained powder contained a mixture of Ni3P and phosphorus oxides, which transformed into nickel phosphide phases richer with phosphorus, such as Ni5P2 and Ni12P5, after treatment at elevated temperatures. Thus, we have demonstrated that electroplating followed by acid treatment is a feasible approach for the synthesis of Ni-P coatings with increased surface area and variable phase composition.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Fujita ◽  
Katsuyasu Kouda ◽  
Kumiko Ohara ◽  
Harunobu Nakamura ◽  
Chikako Nakama ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Rapid weight gain in early life is associated with adiposity later in life. However, there is limited information on the association between weight gain and body fat mass measured using precise methods. This study aimed to investigate whether weight gain is associated with body fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adolescents. Methods Participants of this retrospective cohort study were 423 adolescents born at full-term who were enrolled in the Japan Kids Body-composition Study. Anthropometric measurements related to pregnancy, delivery, and child health were obtained from the Japanese Maternal and Child Health Handbook. Fat mass in adolescents was measured with a DXA scanner. Weight gain was defined as the change in body weight from birth to age 1.5 years. Associations between birthweight and fat mass, and between weight gain and fat mass, were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results There was a significant positive association between weight gain from birth to age 1.5 years and fat mass in adolescents (boys: standardized regression coefficient (β) = 0.253, p < 0.01; girls: β = 0.246, p < 0.01), but not between birthweight standardized for gestational age and fat mass. Conclusion Children with a greater change in weight from birth to age 1.5 years tended to have increased fat mass in adolescence. Weight gain in early life has a greater impact on fat mass in adolescents than birthweight.


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