scholarly journals Mathematical analysis of the effect of portal vein cells on biliary epithelial cell differentiation through the Delta-Notch signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Yoshihara ◽  
Teppei Nishino ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Akihiro Kuno ◽  
Takeshi Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Epithelial Differentiation ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Notch Receptors

Abstract Objective The Delta-Notch signaling pathway induces fine-grained patterns of differentiation from initially homogeneous progenitor cells in many biological contexts, including Drosophila bristle formation, where mathematical modeling reportedly suggests the importance of production rate of the components of this signaling pathway. In contrast, the epithelial differentiation of bile ducts in the developing liver is unique in that it occurs around the portal vein cells, which express extremely high amounts of Delta ligands and act as a disturbance for the amount of Delta ligands in the field by affecting the expression levels of downstream target genes in the cells nearby. In the present study, we mathematically examined the dynamics of the Delta-Notch signaling pathway components in disturbance-driven biliary differentiation, using the model for fine-grained patterns of differentiation. Results A portal vein cell induced a high Notch signal in its neighboring cells, which corresponded to epithelial differentiation, depending on the production rates of Delta ligands and Notch receptors. In addition, this epithelial differentiation tended to occur in conditions where fine-grained patterning was reported to be lacking. These results highlighted the potential importance of the stability towards homogeneity determined by the production rates in Delta ligands and Notch receptors, in a disturbance-dependent epithelial differentiation.

scholarly journals Mathematical analysis of the effect of portal vein cells on biliary epithelial cell differentiation through the Delta-Notch signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Yoshihara ◽  
Teppei Nishino ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Akihiro Kuno ◽  
Takeshi Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Epithelial Differentiation ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Biliary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Notch Receptors

Abstract Objective: The Delta-Notch signaling pathway induces the differentiation of initially homogeneous progenitor cells in many biological contexts. A mathematical modeling of this signaling pathway on Drosophila wing vein differentiation suggested the importance of synthesis rate of components of this signaling pathway. The epithelial differentiation of bile ducts in the developing liver is unique in that portal vein smooth muscle cells express extremely high amount of Delta ligands and act as a disturbance. In the present study, the importance of synthesis rate of Delta ligands and Notch receptors is mathematically examined using the model for Drosophila wing vein differentiation. Results: The epithelial differentiation was dependent on the synthesis rate of Delta ligands and Notch receptors as far as examined. This result supports the importance of synthesis rate in Delta-Notch signaling pathway components in a disturbance-dependent context as well.

scholarly journals Dimerization of the Notch Intracellular Domain Results in Distinct Signaling Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Jeffery Crow
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Core Component ◽  
High Tunability ◽  
Notch Intracellular Domain ◽  
Signaling Field

The Notch signaling pathway is a core component of multicellularity; enabling cells to directly communicate with both their neighbors and the surrounding microenvironment. These signals are translated directly through the Notch proteins, where a fragment of Notch transitions into the nucleus to act as a co-transcription factor, setting into motion a host of physiological responses. Commonly involved in pathways that define a cell’s identity and fate decisions, what appears to be a simplistic pathway instead exists in a state of high-tunability and strict control. Missteps in this pathway are generally embryonically lethal or lead to a suite of congenital disorders and cancers. Therefore, it’s pertinent to understand the mechanisms of Notch that provide its flexibility and pleiotropic outcomes. One such property is its ability to homodimerize on DNA while within its transcriptional activation complex, resulting in an enhanced transcriptional signal of a select pool of Notch target genes. This dissertation reviews the general mechanics behind Notch signaling, discusses how the field of Notch dimerization came to be and where it stands currently, and finally, details my contributions to the understanding of this regulatory mechanism. Despite Notch’s ubiquitous function in metazoan life, there are still many mysteries behind this signaling pathway. The work detailed here describes my time spent as a basic science researcher, where my findings contribute a couple of puzzle pieces to the expansive Notch signaling field.

606 KLF4 Is a Downstream Target of the Notch Signaling Pathway That Controls Goblet Cell Differentiation in the Mouse GI Tract

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. A-84
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Yang ◽  
David M. Pritchard ◽  
Shigeo Takaishi ◽  
shuiping Tu ◽  
Frédéric Marrache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Goblet Cell Differentiation

scholarly journals Notch Signaling Activation as a Hallmark for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Giuli ◽  
E. Giuliani ◽  
I. Screpanti ◽  
D. Bellavia ◽  
S. Checquolo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Notch Receptors ◽  
Cancer Subtype

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subgroup of 15%-20% of diagnosed breast cancer patients. It is generally considered to be the most difficult breast cancer subtype to deal with, due to the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which usually direct targeted therapies. In this scenario, the current treatments of TNBC-affected patients rely on tumor excision and conventional chemotherapy. As a result, the prognosis is overall poor. Thus, the identification and characterization of targets for novel therapies are urgently required. The Notch signaling pathway has emerged to act in the pathogenesis and tumor progression of TNBCs. Firstly, Notch receptors are associated with the regulation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) behavior, as well as with the aetiology of TNBCs. Secondly, there is a strong evidence that Notch pathway is a relevant player in mammary cancer stem cells maintenance and expansion. Finally, Notch receptors expression and activation strongly correlate with the aggressive clinicopathological and biological phenotypes of breast cancer (e.g., invasiveness and chemoresistance), which are relevant characteristics of TNBC subtype. The purpose of this up-to-date review is to provide a detailed overview of the specific role of all four Notch receptors (Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, and Notch4) in TNBCs, thus identifying the Notch signaling pathway deregulation/activation as a pathognomonic feature of this breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, this review will also discuss recent information associated with different therapeutic options related to the four Notch receptors, which may be useful to evaluate prognostic or predictive indicators as well as to develop new therapies aimed at improving the clinical outcome of TNBC patients.

scholarly journals Έκφραση του σηματοδοτικού μονοπατιού Notch σε πλακούντες εγκύων με προεκλαμψία

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Περσεφόνη Φραγκιαδάκη
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Notch 1 ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Η προεκλαμψία αποτελεί μια από τις κυριότερες αιτίες μητρικής και εμβρυικής/νεογνικής νοσηρότητας και θνητότητας και επιπλέκει το 3-5% των κυήσεων. Προηγούμενες μελέτες έδειξαν ότι μέλη του σηματοδοτικού μονοπατιού Notch (Notch signaling pathway) εκφράζονται στον πλακούντα και παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην ομαλή ανάπτυξη του ενεργοποιώντας μεταγραφικούς παράγοντες οι οποίοι αλλάζουν την έκφραση γονιδίων στόχων. Διαταραχές στη λειτουργία του μονοπατίου Notch σχετίζονται με παθολογική πλακουντοποίηση. Σκοπός της μελέτης αυτής είναι να εξετάσει την έκφραση των υποδοχέων (receptors) NOTCH1,-2,-3,-4, των συνδετών (ligands) DLL1,-3,-4, JAG1,-2 και των γονιδίων στόχων (target genes) HEY1,-2 σε πλακούντες κυήσεων με προεκλαμψία. Εξετάστηκαν δείγματα πλακουντιακού ιστού από 20 προεκλαμπτικές και από 20 φυσιολογικές κυήσεις. Τα επίπεδα mRNA των υπό εξέταση μορίων μετρήθηκαν με ποσοτική (quantitative) Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) ενώ η πρωτεϊνική έκφραση της ενδοκυττάριας περιοχής (intracellular domain) των NOTCH2 (NICD2) και NOTCH3 (NICD3) εκτιμήθηκαν με Western Blot (WB). Τα αποτελέσματα μας έδειξαν ότι οι υποδοχείς Notch-1 και Notch-4 αλλά και ο συνδέτης Dll-1 δεν εκφράζονται στους πλακούντες γυναικών με προεκλαμψία ή με φυσιολογική εγκυμοσύνη. Ωστόσο, τα επίπεδα έκφρασης mRNA των NOTCH2, NOTCH3, DLL3, DLL4, JAG1, JAG2, HEY1 and HEY2 ήταν μειωμένα στα παθολογικά δείγματα σε σχέση με τα φυσιολογικά (p<0.01). Η ανάλυση με WB επιβεβαίωσε ότι τα επίπεδα πρωτεϊνικής έκφρασης των NICD2 και NICD3 ήταν επίσης ελαττωμένα στα δείγματα της προεκλαμψίας (p=0.014 και p<0.001, αντίστοιχα). Περαιτέρω στατιστική ανάλυση έδειξε α) μη έκφραση σε γονιδιακό επίπεδο του υποδοχέα NOTCH3 στις εγκύους εκείνες που κάπνιζαν και στη διάρκεια της εγκυμοσύνης σε σχέση με εκείνες που το έκοψαν (p=0.029) και β) στις περιπτώσεις με προεκλαμψία και βάρος νεογνού μικρότερο από την 5η εκατοστιαία θέση παρατηρήσαμε υψηλότερα επίπεδα πρωτεΐνης του NICD-3 (p=0.028) και υψηλότερα επίπεδα mRNA του Dll-3 (p=0.041). Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης μας δείχνουν ότι το σηματοδοτικό μονοπάτι Notch αποτελεί σημαντικό μέρος της παθογένειας αυτής της επιπλοκής της εγκυμοσύνης. Περαιτέρω μελέτες απαιτούνται με σκοπό να διερευνηθεί βαθύτερα και να καθοριστεί ο ρόλος των εξετασθέντων μορίων στην προεκλαμψία και να μελετηθεί η δυνητική τους χρήση στην πρόβλεψη και τη διαγνωστική και θεραπευτική προσέγγιση της νόσου.

scholarly journals Qingyihuaji Formula Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer and Prolongs Survival by Downregulating Hes-1 and Hey-1

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Xu ◽  
Shan Xu ◽  
Yueqin Cai ◽  
Luming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells

The dire prognosis of pancreatic cancer has not markedly improved during past decades. The present study was carried out to explore the effect of Qingyihuaji formula (QYHJ) on inhibiting pancreatic cancer and prolonging survival in related Notch signaling pathway. Proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990 and PANC-1) was detected by MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h with exposure to various concentrations (0.08–50 mg/mL) of QYHJ water extract. Pancreatic tumor models of nude mice were divided into three groups randomly (control, QYHJ, and gemcitabine). mRNA and protein expression of Notch target genes (Hes-1, Hey-1, Hey-2, and Hey-L) in dissected tumor tissue were detected. Results showed that proliferation of SW1990 cells and PANC-1 cells was inhibited by QYHJ water extract in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. QYHJ effectively inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time in nude mice. Expression of both Hes-1 and Hey-1 was decreased significantly in QYHJ group, suggesting that Hes-1 and Hey-1 in Notch signaling pathway might be potential targets for QYHJ treatment. This research could help explain the clinical effectiveness of QYHJ and may provide advanced pancreatic cancer patients with a new therapeutic option.

scholarly journals Notch Signaling Pathway in Pancreatobiliary Tumors

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Francesca Borlak ◽  
Anja Reutzel-Selke ◽  
Anja Schirmeier ◽  
Julia Gogolok ◽  
Ellen von Hoerschelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Malignant Tissue

Background and Objectives: The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role both in the development of the ductal systems of the pancreas and the bile ducts as well as in cancer development and progression. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of central proteins of the Notch signaling pathway in pancreatobiliary tumors and its influence on patient survival. Materials and Methods: We compared the receptors (Notch1, Notch4), activating splicing factors (ADAM17), and target genes (HES1) of the Notch pathway and progenitor cell markers with relevance for the Notch signaling pathway (CD44, MSI1) between pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC, n = 14), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC, n = 24), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCC, n = 22) cholangiocarcinomas via immunohistochemistry and ImageJ software-assisted analysis. An Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-score was determined by the percentage and intensity of stained (positive) cells (scale 0–7) and normal and malignant tissue was compared. In the IHC results, patients’ (gender, age) and tumor (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, Union Internationale contre le Cancer (UICC) stages, grading, and lymphangitic carcinomatosa) characteristics were correlated to patient survival. Results: For eCC, the expression of CD44 (p = 0.043, IHC-score 3.94 vs. 3.54) and for iCC, the expression of CD44 (p = 0.026, IHC-score 4.04 vs. 3.48) and Notch1 (p < 0.001, IHC-score 2.87 vs. 1.78) was significantly higher in the tumor compared to non-malignant tissue. For PDAC, the expression of ADAM17 (p = 0.008, IHC-score 3.43 vs. 1.73), CD44 (p = 0.012, IHC-score 3.64 vs. 2.27), Notch1 (p = 0.012, IHC-score 2.21 vs. 0.64), and Notch4 (p = 0.008, IHC-score 2.86 vs. 0.91) was significantly higher in the tumor tissue. However, none of the analyzed Notch-signaling related components showed an association to patient survival. Conclusion: A significant overexpression of almost all studied components of the Notch signaling pathway can be found in the tumor tissue, however, without a significant influence on patient survival. Therefore, further studies are warranted to draw conclusions on Notch pathway’s relevance for patient survival.

scholarly journals The Notch Pathway in Breast Cancer Progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel N. Kontomanolis ◽  
Sofia Kalagasidou ◽  
Stamatia Pouliliou ◽  
Xanthoula Anthoulaki ◽  
Nikolaos Georgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Breast Cancer Progression ◽  
Notch Receptors ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Notch signaling pathway is a vital parameter of the mammalian vascular system. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge about the impact of the Notch signaling pathway in breast cancer progression and the therapeutic role of Notch’s inhibition.Methods. The available literature in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, regarding the role of the Notch pathway in breast cancer progression was searched for related articles from about 1973 to 2017 including terms such as “Notch,” “Breast Cancer,” and “Angiogenesis.”Results. Notch signaling controls the differentiation of breast epithelial cells during normal development. Studies confirm that the Notch pathway has a major participation in breast cancer progression through overexpression and/or abnormal genetic type expression of the notch receptors and ligands that determine angiogenesis. The cross-talk of Notch and estrogens, the effect of Notch in breast cancer stem cells formation, and the dependable Notch overexpression during breast tumorigenesis have been studied enough and undoubtedly linked to breast cancer development. The already applied therapeutic inhibition of Notch for breast cancer can drastically change the course of the disease.Conclusion. Current data prove that Notch pathway has a major participation and multiple roles during breast tumor progression. Inhibition of Notch receptors and ligands provides innovative therapeutic results and could become the therapy of choice in the next few years, even though further research is needed to reach safe conclusions.

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