Scrotal wall leiomyosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background Up to 30% of all scrotal masses are sarcomas. Leiomyosarcoma of the scrotal wall is rare, and its clinical significance and prognosis have not been well defined, since the most reported cases have little or no follow-up. Case presentation We report a 45-year-old Caucasian man who was admitted with a firm, nontender, mobile scrotal wall mass from 15 months ago. Laboratory data including testicular tumor markers were within normal range, and transscrotal ultrasonography revealed an oval-shaped, hypoechogenic, solid mass with blood flow and well-defined border. Histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry staining, following surgical excision, were in favor of malignant leiomyosarcoma. Conclusion Here we describe the morphological features and immunohistochemical presentations of the tumor and the patient’s relatively long-term follow-up.

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Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of The Frontal Sinus: A Case Report

FACE ◽

10.1177/27325016211053640 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 273250162110536

Author(s):

Joshua Harrison ◽

Samantha Marley ◽

Shawhin Shahriari ◽

Christian Bowers ◽

Anil Shetty

Keyword(s):

Frontal Sinus ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽

High Rate ◽

Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

History Of

We report a rare case of an extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) in the frontal sinus with an indolent clinical presentation. Although a history of trauma was absent, the initial diagnosis was a mucocele, based on the radiological findings. Upon surgical excision, the patient was found to have an EMP. EMP, a form of solitary plasmacytoma, has a significantly high rate of conversion to multiple myeloma. This mandates long-term follow-up, even after successful radiotherapy and/or resection. While radiation therapy is generally considered a first line treatment for EMP, surgical intervention may provide optimal treatment in complicated cases. This case presentation highlights the prognosis of patients diagnosed with EMP.

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Pediatric case of presacral ganglioneuroma: diagnostic considerations and therapeutic strategy

Annals of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1186/s43159-021-00100-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saloua Ammar ◽

Taycir Cheikhrouhou ◽

Mohamed Jallouli ◽

Rahma Chtourou ◽

Sahla Sellami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Mass ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Residual Tumor ◽

Posterior Mediastinum ◽

Subtotal Resection ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Neuroblastic Tumors

Abstract Background Ganglioneuroma (GN) is an uncommon tumor belonging to the neuroblastic tumors group and is often localized in the posterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and adrenal gland. Presacral (PS) location is extremely rare. Its management remains a challenge. Case presentation A 4-year-old child presented to our department for an isolated abdominal mass. Para-clinical exams concluded to PSGN. Subtotal surgical excision was performed through an anterior transperitoneal approach. The size of the residual tumor did not progress after the 6-year follow-up period and the patients were asymptomatic. Conclusions GN should be considered in the case of soft tissue presacral masses in pediatrics. Subtotal resection seems sufficient in case of an extension to the sacrum with low morbidity. The residual tumors are still stable and the prognosis seems conserved. Further, long-term follow-up in large studies is needed to confirm these findings.

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Solitary fibrous tumor of the scrotum: a case report and review of the literature

BMC Urology ◽

10.1186/s12894-019-0573-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsung-Hsin Chang ◽

Marcelo Chen ◽

Chih-Chiao Lee

Keyword(s):

Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽

Soft Tissue Tumor ◽

English Literature ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

English Medical Literature ◽

Fibrous Tumor

Abstract Background Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare soft tissue tumor originally reported in the pleura. Although it has been reported in various extra-pleural sites, the occurrence of SFT in the scrotum is extremely rare. Herein, we present a 48-year-old man who had scrotal SFT. There are very few reported cases of genitourinary SFTs, this is only the fifth report of SFT of the scrotum in the English medical literature. Case presentation In this study, we report on a 48-year-old man who presented with a 5 × 8 cm scrotal mass between his testes. Physical examination revealed a 4.7 × 8.5 cm lobulated tumor mass located between his testicles. Surgical excision of the tumor with scrotal approach was done and pathology reported a SFT. The patient was alive without tumor recurrence or distant metastasis during ongoing follow-up for 9 months post-operatively.. Conclusion Scrotal SFTs are very rare and only five cases have been reported in English literature to date. Treatment often involves surgical resection, and a definite diagnosis is made with the help of immunohistochemistry. The current general consensus for the management of SFTs is long-term follow-up after surgical excision of the tumor.

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Fibromuscular dysplasia with recurrence after “long-term” following percutaneous transcatheter renal angioplasty: two case reports with a review of 26 patients

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02342-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuntaro Oribe ◽

Takafumi Toyohara ◽

Eikan Mishima ◽

Takehiro Suzuki ◽

Koichi Kikuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Renal Angioplasty ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) often causes renal artery stenosis with renovascular hypertension. Recent clinical outcomes encourage percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) to treat FMD; however, the necessary follow-up period remains unclear. Moreover, previous studies have not revealed the difference in the period until recurrence between two major types of FMD—multifocal and focal. Case presentation We describe two patients with multifocal FMD who developed hypertension during their teenage years and had recurrence of FMD > 10 years after PTRA. We further examined the types of FMD and age of onset in 26 patients who underwent PTRA. The period until recurrence of multifocal FMD was longer than that of focal FMD. Moreover, patients with early-onset multifocal FMD are likely to have a delayed recurrence after PTRA compared to other types. Conclusions Our report suggests that patients with multifocal FMD, especially those with onset at an early age, may need long-term follow-up for at least ≥ 10 years.

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Fifteen-minute consultation: how to identify and treat children with acute kidney injury

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2020-319928 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. edpract-2020-319928

Author(s):

Maura Scott ◽

Grace McCall

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Fluid Management ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Fluid Status ◽

Close Observation ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is under-recognised in children and neonates. It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity along with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease in adulthood. It is important that paediatricians are able to recognise AKI quickly, enabling prompt treatment of reversible causes. In this article, we demonstrate an approach to recognising paediatric AKI, cessation of nephrotoxic medication, appropriate investigations and the importance of accurately assessing fluid status. The mainstay of treatment is attempting to mimic the kidneys ability to provide electrolyte and fluid homeostasis; this requires close observation and careful fluid management. We discuss referral to paediatric nephrology and the importance of long-term follow-up. We present an approach to AKI through case-presentation.

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THALIDOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA INTERMEDIA: A RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER CLINICAL STUDY

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2020.021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e2020021

Author(s):

Kun Yang ◽

Yi Wu ◽

Yali Zhou ◽

Tianhong Zhou ◽

Li Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Drug Discontinuation ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Thalassemia Intermedia ◽

Short Term ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Objective: This study focused on the efficacy and safety of thalidomide for patients with thalassemia intermedia (TI) in a multicenter trial. Methods：Clinical and laboratory data of 62 patients subjected to thalidomide therapy in four centers were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the short-term (three months) and long-term follow-up (12 and 24 months). Response to thalidomide was defined as follows: Main Responder (MaR) showing an increase in Hb level of >2.0 g/dl or removal from blood transfusion and Minor Responder (MiR) achieving elevated hemoglobin (Hb) level of 1.0-2.0 g/dl or ≥50% reduction in blood transfusion frequency. Results：The overall response rate (ORR) of 62 patients with TI was 93.5% (58/62), with MaR and MiR rates accounting for 62.9% (39/62) and 30.6% (19/62) in short-term follow-up and 66.1% (41/62) and 27.4% (17/62) in long-term follow-up, respectively. The clinical response during long-term follow-up was maintained and the Hb level remained stable during the observation period. The response was still observed in patients with dose reduction despite a slight decrease in Hb level. However, Hb decreased rapidly to the baseline level after drug discontinuation. No effect of thalidomide on spleen size in nonsplenectomized patients was evident. Minimal side-effects were documented throughout, except peripheral neurotoxicity in one patient. Nevertheless, the mean serum ferritin (SF) level was significantly increased after treatment. Conclusion: Thalidomide had significant therapeutic effects on patients with TI, and the response was sustained with acceptable short-term and long-term adverse reactions. While these preliminary results support the potential long-term efficacy and safety of thalidomide as a therapeutic agent for TI, several issues need to be addressed before its application in the clinic.

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Paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum: a case report

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01752-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jong-Ho Nam ◽

Jong-Seon Park ◽

Joon Hyuk Choi

Keyword(s):

Posterior Mediastinum ◽

Tracer Uptake ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Adrenergic Blockers ◽

Adrenal Chromaffin ◽

Paravertebral Mass ◽

Lateral Thoracotomy

Abstract Background Paragangliomas are tumors that arise from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells. Herein, we present a rare case of a functional paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum. Case presentation A 36-year-old man presented with paroxysms of chest pain and headache. At presentation, the patient’s blood pressure was 190/120 mmHg. Chest computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left paravertebral mass in the posterior mediastinum. 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scanning revealed focally high tracer uptake in the left paravertebral area. The metanephrine level in the urine was elevated, confirming a rare, catecholamine-producing, functional paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum. Before surgery, the patient was prepared by orally administering α- and β-adrenergic blockers. The mass was then resected via a lateral thoracotomy. The metanephrine level in urine was normal 24 h after surgery. Conclusions Paragangliomas in the posterior mediastinum are very rare, but more than half of all cases are functional. The associated symptoms are curable with complete resection, and long-term follow-up for recurrence is important.

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A case of hypokalemia-induced bidirectional ventricular tachycardia

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520971440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 030006052097144

Author(s):

Yanan Xie ◽

Jingzhe Han ◽

Jinming Liu ◽

Jie Hao ◽

Xiuguang Zu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ventricular Tachycardia ◽

Potassium Level ◽

Serum Potassium Level ◽

Electrical Storm ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

History Of

Background Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BVT) is a rare, but serious, arrhythmia. Hypokalemia is commonly found in clinical practice, but hypokalemia-induced BVT has rarely been reported. Case presentation A 74-year-old male patient with the symptoms of chest distress and palpitations was admitted owing to frequent discharge of his implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for 4 days. Before admission, the patient experienced diarrhea after intake of crabs, and felt frequent discharge of his ICD with a total of approximately 17 discharges in 4 days. He had no history of digitalis use. The serum potassium level after admission was 3.1 mmol/L and an electrocardiogram was consistent with BVT. The diagnosis was ventricular tachycardia, electrical storm, and hypokalemia. His ventricular tachycardia was completely relieved after correction of hypokalemia. Conclusions After correction of hypokalemia in this patient, the episode of BVT was terminated and no recurrence of BVT was observed during long-term follow-up. Our findings suggest the diagnosis of hypokalemia-induced BVT.

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