scholarly journals An avirulent Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strain elicits intestinal IgA and slows down spread of swine dysentery

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Mahu ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Stefano Canessa ◽  
Jackeline Zavala Marchan ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Hang ◽  
Truong Quang Lam ◽  
Dao Le Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
...  

This study aimed to diagnose swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs by the PCR method in Vietnam. Of the 250 samples, 29 isolates of B. hyodysenteriae (11.60%) were identified by PCR in seven provinces of Northern Vietnam, and the infection rate differed from region to region. From the positive cases of B. hyodysenteriae, we analyzed B. hyodysenteriae infected cases according to the ages of the pigs, farm sizes, and veterinary hygiene practices to get more information about the disease in Vietnam. The results showed that the positive B. hyodysenteriae samples were commonly seen in post-weaning pigs (32.14%) in households (20.73%) with poor hygiene (24.69%). Clinical signs of SD included high fever (100%); anorexia (100%); watery, bloody diarrhea, usually gray to brown in color (100%); and weight loss (86.42%). Gross lesions of SD were limited to the large intestine were described as having a fibrinous, blood-flecked membrane covering the mucosa (93.75%), swollen with hemorrhaged colon and cecum (75.00%), and mesenteric lymph nodes (81.25%).


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita S. Mirajkar ◽  
Timothy J. Johnson ◽  
Connie J. Gebhart

Reported herein is the complete genome sequence of the type strain B-78 (ATCC 27164) of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae , the etiological agent of swine dysentery. The 3.1-Mb genome consists of a 3.056-Mb chromosome and a 45-kb plasmid, with 2,617 protein-coding genes, 39 RNA genes, and 40 pseudogenes.


2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1610-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi ◽  
Maxime Mahu ◽  
Nele De Pauw ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Frank Pasmans ◽  
...  

Brachyspira hyodysenteriaecolonizes the pig colon, resulting in mucohemorrhagic diarrhea and growth retardation. Fecal mucus is a characteristic feature of swine dysentery; therefore, we investigated how the mucin environment changes in the colon during infection withB. hyodysenteriaeand how these changes affect this bacterium's interaction with mucins. We isolated and characterized mucins, the main component of mucus, from the colon of experimentally inoculated and control pigs and investigatedB. hyodysenteriaebinding to these mucins. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a massive mucus induction and disorganized mucus structure in the colon of pigs with swine dysentery. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and antibody detection demonstrated that the mucus composition of pigs with swine dysentery was characterized byde novoexpression of MUC5AC and increased expression of MUC2 in the colon. Mucins from the colon of inoculated and control pigs were isolated by two steps of isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. The mucin densities of control and inoculated pigs were similar, whereas the mucin quantity was 5-fold higher during infection. The level ofB. hyodysenteriaebinding to mucins differed between pigs, and there was increased binding to soluble mucins isolated from pigs with swine dysentery. The ability ofB. hyodysenteriaeto bind, measured in relation to the total mucin contents of mucus in sick versus healthy pigs, increased 7-fold during infection. Together, the results indicate thatB. hyodysenteriaebinds to carbohydrate structures on the mucins as these differ between individuals. Furthermore,B. hyodysenteriaeinfection induces changes to the mucus niche which substantially increase the amount ofB. hyodysenteriaebinding sites in the mucus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. García-Martín ◽  
Sarah Schmitt ◽  
Friederike Zeeh ◽  
Vincent Perreten

The complete genomes of four Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates of the four different sequence types (STs) (ST6, ST66, ST196, and ST197) causing swine dysentery in Switzerland were generated by whole-genome sequencing and de novo hybrid assembly of reads obtained from second (Illumina) and third (Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences) high-throughput sequencing platforms.


2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
D.J. Chennells

Until the 1990s, defining and maintaining a High Health (HH) Status was relatively straightforward. Organisations such as the Pig Health Control Association were able to define and identify certain diseases such as Enzootic Pneumonia (EP), (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae) or Swine Dysentery (SD) (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae,) and then establish, by hysterectomy or medicated early weaning (MEW), “clean” units which became the Nucleus units of the breeding companies. These produced “clean” pigs to populate Multiplication units that eventually passed on HH breeding stock to commercial customers. Relatively straightforward laboratory and abattoir monitoring could give reasonable, repeatable assurance to customers. Good biosecurity maintained this HH status and many HH commercial units were established by destocking, cleaning, and restocking with HH pigs from these breeding companies. Then the wheels started to fall off!


2015 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rugna ◽  
P. Bonilauri ◽  
E. Carra ◽  
F. Bergamini ◽  
A. Luppi ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karlsson ◽  
A. Gunnarsson ◽  
A. Franklin

AbstractThe pleuromutilins are the only antimicrobial agents with sufficient minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values left to treat swine dysentery in Sweden. Other antimicrobials are either not approved for use against swine dysentery or only partly active againstBrachyspira hyodysenteriae. To date, in Sweden two pleuromutilins, tiamulin and valnemulin, are authorized for use in pigs. This study includes a comparison between MICs of tiamulin and valnemulin for Swedish field isolates ofB. hyodysenteriae, as determined by broth dilution. For different isolates the MIC of tiamulin was between 0 and 8 times higher than that of valnemulin. No resistance to pleuromutilins was recorded (tiamulin MIC range 0.031–2 μg/ml, valnemulin MIC range ≤0.016–1 μg/ml).In vitrodevelopment of tiamulin resistance was also studied. TwoB. hyodysenteriaeand twoB. pilosicolistrains became resistant to tiamulin following reiterated passages on agar containing tiamulin in increasing concentrations. The resistance emerged slowly and three of the strains that went through more than 60 passages increased their tiamulin MICs from 0.031–0.25 to more than 128 μg/ml. The tiamulin MIC for oneB. hyodysenteriaestrain that went through 29 passages increased from 0.0125 to 4 μg/ml. OneB. pilosicolistrain developed cross-resistance to valnemulin; the MIC increased from 0.25 to more than 64 μg/ml. The valnemulin MIC for oneB. hyodysenteriaestrain increased from 0.031 μg/ml to 32 μg/ml. Valnemulin MIC was not determined for theB. hyodysenteriaestrain that only went through 29 passages. The valnemulin MIC of the otherB. pilosicolistrain increased from 0.031 to 4 μg/ml.


Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
John Carr ◽  
Mark Howells

Biosecurity is a word coined to describe the concept where pathogens' access to a farm is restricted, controlled, reduced or eliminated. It must be remembered that biosecurity is not disease control or health management, it targets pathogen movement and numbers. ‘Disease’ is a description of a clinical syndrome, for example dysentery is the correct term for any pig with blood in the faeces and may not have anything to do with the pathogen Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The absence of the B. hyodysenteriae organism will reduce the risk of a pig dying from dysentery, but mortality and production on poorly managed farms could be worse on ‘swine dysentery negative’ farms than on well managed farms where B. hyodysenteriae is rife.


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