Biosecurity

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
John Carr ◽  
Mark Howells
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae

Biosecurity is a word coined to describe the concept where pathogens' access to a farm is restricted, controlled, reduced or eliminated. It must be remembered that biosecurity is not disease control or health management, it targets pathogen movement and numbers. ‘Disease’ is a description of a clinical syndrome, for example dysentery is the correct term for any pig with blood in the faeces and may not have anything to do with the pathogen Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The absence of the B. hyodysenteriae organism will reduce the risk of a pig dying from dysentery, but mortality and production on poorly managed farms could be worse on ‘swine dysentery negative’ farms than on well managed farms where B. hyodysenteriae is rife.

scholarly journals Detection of Swine Dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae via PCR in Northern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Hang ◽  
Truong Quang Lam ◽  
Dao Le Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Weaning Pigs

This study aimed to diagnose swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs by the PCR method in Vietnam. Of the 250 samples, 29 isolates of B. hyodysenteriae (11.60%) were identified by PCR in seven provinces of Northern Vietnam, and the infection rate differed from region to region. From the positive cases of B. hyodysenteriae, we analyzed B. hyodysenteriae infected cases according to the ages of the pigs, farm sizes, and veterinary hygiene practices to get more information about the disease in Vietnam. The results showed that the positive B. hyodysenteriae samples were commonly seen in post-weaning pigs (32.14%) in households (20.73%) with poor hygiene (24.69%). Clinical signs of SD included high fever (100%); anorexia (100%); watery, bloody diarrhea, usually gray to brown in color (100%); and weight loss (86.42%). Gross lesions of SD were limited to the large intestine were described as having a fibrinous, blood-flecked membrane covering the mucosa (93.75%), swollen with hemorrhaged colon and cecum (75.00%), and mesenteric lymph nodes (81.25%).

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Type Strain B-78 (ATCC 27164)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita S. Mirajkar ◽  
Timothy J. Johnson ◽  
Connie J. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Rna Genes

Reported herein is the complete genome sequence of the type strain B-78 (ATCC 27164) of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae , the etiological agent of swine dysentery. The 3.1-Mb genome consists of a 3.056-Mb chromosome and a 45-kb plasmid, with 2,617 protein-coding genes, 39 RNA genes, and 40 pseudogenes.

scholarly journals Health advantages of transition to batch management system in farrow-to-finish pig herds

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vangroenweghe ◽  
L. Suls ◽  
E. Van Driessche ◽  
D. Maes ◽  
E. De Graef
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Dermonecrotic Toxin ◽  
Before And After

Sow batch management systems have become more popular due to advantages in labour planning, piglet batch sizes, all-in all-out practices and health management. The present study investigated the potential health advantages of 10 selected farrow-to-finish pig herds before and after transition from a one week batch management system to a four or five week batch management system. Five different animal categories (gilts, sows, piglets, growers and finishers) were sampled at three time points (T0, T1 and T2) before and after transition to a four or five week batch management system. Different matrices of the animals were collected: blood, nasal swabs and faeces. Several economically important diseases were monitored through serology: Lawsonia intracellularis, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; and PCR-testing: Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) and Brachyspira species, especially the major pathogenic Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Following serological analysis, the percentage of positive animals per category and sampling occasion were calculated. Health improvement based on serology was defined as the reduction in the percentage of positive animals for a specific disease in a specified animal category. All samples were negative for P. multocida DNT and B. hyodysenteriae. Little to no improvement could be observed for PRRSv. For L. intracellularis an improvement could be observed in piglets (71%) and growers (56%; P < 0.05). For both of the respiratory pathogens, M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae, significant improvement was observed in finishers (34 and 24%, respectively). In growers, only M. hyopneumoniae showed a significant improvement (34%). In conclusion, the transition from a one week batch management system to a four or five week batch management system in the present herds resulted in a reduction of the percentage of seropositive animals for three of the monitored economically important diseases: L. intracellularis, M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae.

scholarly journals The Levels of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Binding to Porcine Colonic Mucins Differ between Individuals, and Binding Is Increased to Mucins from Infected Pigs withDe NovoMUC5AC Synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1610-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi ◽  
Maxime Mahu ◽  
Nele De Pauw ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Frank Pasmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Main Component ◽  
And Control

Brachyspira hyodysenteriaecolonizes the pig colon, resulting in mucohemorrhagic diarrhea and growth retardation. Fecal mucus is a characteristic feature of swine dysentery; therefore, we investigated how the mucin environment changes in the colon during infection withB. hyodysenteriaeand how these changes affect this bacterium's interaction with mucins. We isolated and characterized mucins, the main component of mucus, from the colon of experimentally inoculated and control pigs and investigatedB. hyodysenteriaebinding to these mucins. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a massive mucus induction and disorganized mucus structure in the colon of pigs with swine dysentery. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and antibody detection demonstrated that the mucus composition of pigs with swine dysentery was characterized byde novoexpression of MUC5AC and increased expression of MUC2 in the colon. Mucins from the colon of inoculated and control pigs were isolated by two steps of isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. The mucin densities of control and inoculated pigs were similar, whereas the mucin quantity was 5-fold higher during infection. The level ofB. hyodysenteriaebinding to mucins differed between pigs, and there was increased binding to soluble mucins isolated from pigs with swine dysentery. The ability ofB. hyodysenteriaeto bind, measured in relation to the total mucin contents of mucus in sick versus healthy pigs, increased 7-fold during infection. Together, the results indicate thatB. hyodysenteriaebinds to carbohydrate structures on the mucins as these differ between individuals. Furthermore,B. hyodysenteriaeinfection induces changes to the mucus niche which substantially increase the amount ofB. hyodysenteriaebinding sites in the mucus.

scholarly journals Complete Circular Genome Sequences of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Isolates of the Four Different Sequence Types Causing Swine Dysentery in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. García-Martín ◽  
Sarah Schmitt ◽  
Friederike Zeeh ◽  
Vincent Perreten
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hybrid Assembly ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Oxford Nanopore Technologies

The complete genomes of four Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates of the four different sequence types (STs) (ST6, ST66, ST196, and ST197) causing swine dysentery in Switzerland were generated by whole-genome sequencing and de novo hybrid assembly of reads obtained from second (Illumina) and third (Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences) high-throughput sequencing platforms.

scholarly journals An avirulent Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strain elicits intestinal IgA and slows down spread of swine dysentery

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Mahu ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Stefano Canessa ◽  
Jackeline Zavala Marchan ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Intestinal Iga

Regaining high health status of UK pig herds: Can it be done? How can it be done?

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
D.J. Chennells
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Health Control ◽  
Control Association ◽  
Pig Health

Until the 1990s, defining and maintaining a High Health (HH) Status was relatively straightforward. Organisations such as the Pig Health Control Association were able to define and identify certain diseases such as Enzootic Pneumonia (EP), (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae) or Swine Dysentery (SD) (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae,) and then establish, by hysterectomy or medicated early weaning (MEW), “clean” units which became the Nucleus units of the breeding companies. These produced “clean” pigs to populate Multiplication units that eventually passed on HH breeding stock to commercial customers. Relatively straightforward laboratory and abattoir monitoring could give reasonable, repeatable assurance to customers. Good biosecurity maintained this HH status and many HH commercial units were established by destocking, cleaning, and restocking with HH pigs from these breeding companies. Then the wheels started to fall off!

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