scholarly journals Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sacchi ◽  
Roberto Rasero ◽  
Giuseppe Ru ◽  
Eleonora Aiassa ◽  
Silvia Colussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prnp Genotype ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals AB0008 THE IMPACT OF STAT4 RS7574865, IL6 RS1800795, IL6R RS2228145 AND RS4845618 ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS SUSCEPTIBILITY IN BELARUSIAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1307.1-1308
Author(s):  
E. Siniauskaya ◽  
T. Kuzhir ◽  
V. Yagur ◽  
R. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Systemic Disorder ◽  
Autoimmune Pathogenesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Arthritis Susceptibility

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disorder of the connective tissue of still unknown aetiology and complex autoimmune pathogenesis that primarily affects small joints. HLA alleles provide for 11-37% of the RA heritability, suggesting the substantial role of the non-HLA loci in genetic predisposition to RA. Among non-HLA loci,IL6, IL6RandSTAT4genes attract attention, however, the data concerning their influence on RA risk are somewhat contradictory.Objectives:The aim of the study was to analyze the involvement of four SNPs (STAT4rs7574865,IL6rs1800795,IL6Rrs2228145 and rs4845618) in RA susceptibility.Methods:187 patients diagnosed with RA (mean age 58.2 ± 11.9), and 380 healthy blood donors (mean age 37.18 ± 10.69 years) were included into the study. DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples was performed using the phenol-chloroform method. SNPs were genotyped using the real-time PCR with fluorescent probes. The allele and genotype frequencies were compared using the χ2 test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using the VassarStats online tool.Results:Utilizing recessive genetic model we found an association between TT genotype ofSTAT4rs7574865 (OR = 2.362; 95%CI [1.0378 – 5.376], p = 0.038) and RA. ForIL6rs1800795, it was found that CC genotype had significantly higher frequency among patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to that in controls (OR = 1.52; 95%CI [1.02 – 2.27], p = 0.0456). No associations ofIL6Rrs2228145 and rs4845618 SNPs with risk of RA were found in the total group of patients vs. controls. It was also shown thatIL6rs1800795 CC genotype frequency was significantly higher among the patients with RF-negative status (p = 0.0019).Conclusion:Thus, we provide evidence for association of theSTAT4rs7574865 andIL6rs1800795 variants with risk of RA in the Belarusian population, some features of interplay being revealed between gene polymorphisms analyzed and RA antibody status. Abovementioned SNPs may contribute to RA genetic susceptibility in the Belarusian population.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Association of Genetic Polymorphisms and Serum Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 with the Prognosis in Children with Neuroblastoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Silvia Selene Moreno-Guerrero ◽  
Arturo Ramírez-Pacheco ◽  
Luz María Rocha-Ramírez ◽  
Gabriela Hernández-Pliego ◽  
Pilar Eguía-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Circulating Levels

There is evidence that high circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-8 are markers of a poor prognosis in various types of cancer, including NB. The participation of these cytokines in the tumor microenvironment has been described to promote progression and metastasis. Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic role of genetic polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in a cohort of Mexican pediatric patients with NB. The detection of the SNPs rs1800795 IL-6 and rs4073 and rs2227306 IL-8 was carried out by PCR-RFLP and the levels of cytokines were determined by the ELISA method. We found elevated circulating levels of IL-8 and IL-6 in NB patients compared to the control group. The genotype frequencies of the rs1800795 IL-6 and rs4073 IL-8 variants were different between the patients with NB and the control group. Likewise, the survival analysis showed that the GG genotypes of rs1800795 IL-6 (p = 0.014) and AA genotypes of rs4073 IL-8 (p = 0.002), as well as high levels of IL-6 (p = 0.009) and IL-8 (p = 0.046), were associated with lower overall survival. We confirmed the impact on an adverse prognosis in a multivariate model. This study suggests that the SNPs rs1800795 IL-6 and rs4073 IL-8 and their serum levels could be promising biomarkers of a poor prognosis, associated with overall survival, metastasis, and a high risk in Mexican children with NB.

scholarly journals Identifying Critical Binder Attributes to Facilitate Binder Selection for Efficient Formulation Development in a Continuous Twin Screw Wet Granulation Process

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Lise Vandevivere ◽  
Maxine Vangampelaere ◽  
Christoph Portier ◽  
Cedrine de Backere ◽  
Olaf Häusler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Continuous Manufacturing ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact

The suitability of pharmaceutical binders for continuous twin-screw wet granulation was investigated as the pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a switch from batch to continuous manufacturing. Binder selection for twin-screw wet granulation should rely on a scientific approach to enable efficient formulation development. Therefore, the current study identified binder attributes affecting the binder effectiveness in a wet granulation process of a highly soluble model excipient (mannitol). For this formulation, higher binder effectiveness was linked to fast activation of the binder properties (i.e., fast binder dissolution kinetics combined with low viscosity attributes and good wetting properties by the binder). As the impact of binder attributes on the granulation process of a poorly soluble formulation (dicalcium phosphate) was previously investigated, this enabled a comprehensive comparison between both formulations in current research focusing on binder selection. This comparison revealed that binder attributes that are important to guide binder selection differ in function of the solubility of the formulation. The identification of critical binder attributes in the current study enables rational and efficient binder selection for twin-screw granulation of well soluble and poorly soluble formulations. Binder addition proved especially valuable for a poorly soluble formulation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selection using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling EPDs on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Krause ◽  
E. R. Moore ◽  
J. Duggin ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
T. D. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

ObjectivesProfitability in the beef industry has narrow margins regulated by revenue from output traits like growth and carcass merit, but profitability is also largely impacted by input expenses like feed costs. Selecting for improvements in feed efficiency during the finishing phase, one of the most feed intensive segments of the industry, can help to mitigate those input costs. This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling.Materials and MethodsAngus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual average daily gain (RADG) EPD as well as high (fifth percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Generation was also analyzed, where generation one (GEN1) steers were from a selected sire while generation two (GEN2) steers were from a selected sire and a selected dam.ResultsUltrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. Yield grade and dressing percent did not differ (P ≥ 0.56) across RADG or MARB groups. At the beginning and end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area (REA) than the low RADG group. Carcass REA tended (P = 0.08) to be larger in the high versus low RADG steers. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, body weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. Body weights tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at the start of the feeding trial for GEN1 versus GEN2 steers. Total gain, average daily gain, and feed to gain (F:G) differed by generation (P ≤ 0.007) with increased rates of gain and reduced F:G in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers. Body weights did not differ (P = 0.72) across GEN at the end of the feeding trial. Backfat thickness at the start and end of the feedlot phase was less (P ≤ 0.03) and marbling score was improved (P = 0.02) in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; and that progress in selection for efficiency can be achieved while advancing carcass quality and value. Furthermore, continued divergent selection for feed efficiency and marbling has the potential to improve feed efficiency through advancements in the rate of gain, while enhancing carcass merit through marbling.

Selection for improved lean growth in Large White pigs can affect levels of total white blood cell counts, CD11R1+ leukocytes and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
M. Clapperton ◽  
S. C. Bishop ◽  
N. D. Cameron ◽  
E. J. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Large White ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Immune Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact

Productivity in pigs can be improved by continued selection, however the impact of such selection on immune responses and resistance towards infectious challenges is not known. A risk is that this method may lead to a correlated reduction in the immune response and disease resistance. To estimate the effect of selection for performance traits upon immune responses, we compared levels of immune traits between divergent lines of Large White pigs selected for either lean growth under restricted feeding or feed intake.

scholarly journals Co-evolution of cooperation and cognition: the impact of imperfect deliberation and context-sensitive intuition

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1851) ◽  
pp. 20162326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bear ◽  
Ari Kagan ◽  
David G. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Coordination Games ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Sophistication

How does cognitive sophistication impact cooperation? We explore this question using a model of the co-evolution of cooperation and cognition. In our model, agents confront social dilemmas and coordination games, and make decisions using intuition or deliberation. Intuition is automatic and effortless, but relatively (although not necessarily completely) insensitive to context. Deliberation, conversely, is costly but relatively (although not necessarily perfectly) sensitive to context. We find that regardless of the sensitivity of intuition and imperfection of deliberation, deliberating undermines cooperation in social dilemmas, whereas deliberating can increase cooperation in coordination games if intuition is sufficiently sensitive. Furthermore, when coordination games are sufficiently likely, selection favours a strategy whose intuitive response ignores the contextual cues available and cooperates across contexts. Thus, we see how simple cognition can arise from active selection for simplicity, rather than just be forced to be simple due to cognitive constraints. Finally, we find that when deliberation is imperfect, the favoured strategy increases cooperation in social dilemmas (as a result of reducing deliberation) as the benefit of cooperation to the recipient increases.

Effect of selection for increased litter size on ovulation rate and embryo survival in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 32-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Selection Experiment ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Variation Data ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact

Variation in litter size in sheep is essentially attributable to variation in ovulation rate and embryo survival. Genetic variation in litter size, both among and within breeds, is largely attributable to variation in ovulation rate. While there is evidence for genetic differences among breeds in embryo survival the contribution of this component to within breed variation appears to be minor (Hanrahan, 1982). The impact of selection based on litter size on its component traits should reflect the relative contribution of these components to within breed variation. Data from two lines of Galway sheep, a Control line and one selected for increased prolificacy (Hanrahan and Timon, 1978), have been used to provide evidence on this point.Details relating to the selection experiment which provided the data for the present study are in Hanrahan (1984). Briefly a flock of Galway sheep was assembled from industry sources (both pedigree and non-pedigree) between 1963 and 1965.

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