scholarly journals Double auction and profit maximization mechanism for jobs with heterogeneous durations in cloud federations

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runhao Lu ◽  
Yuning Liang ◽  
Qing Ling ◽  
Changle Li ◽  
Weigang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Resource Configuration ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Trading Mechanism ◽  
Execution Times ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBy sharing resources with each other, different cloud providers in a cloud federation can exploit their diversity in resource configuration and operational cost so as to improve service performance. They should consider the strategy of resource pricing, job scheduling and server provisioning altogether to maximize their own interests. On the other hand, they need to efficiently trade the resources with a suitable mechanism, typically auction, so as to guarantee the participants’ profits. Nevertheless, in consideration of the heterogeneous execution times of jobs, both the pricing strategy and trading mechanism should be delicately designed, which is obviously a challenging task. In this paper, we firstly propose a truthful, individual-rational and ex-post budget-balanced auction mechanism for selecting pairs of buyer and seller winners to trade virtual machines for different durations. Then, to maximize the individual profits, we propose a dynamic resource bidding scheme and a job scheduling strategy based on our importance model of jobs with heterogeneous execution times and resource requirements. The simulation results show that, compared with existing ones, our design can better handle varieties of both execution time and resource requirement and make the participants obtain more individual profits.

scholarly journals A Multiserver User-space Unikernel for a Distributed Virtualization System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Pessolani
Keyword(s):  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
User Space ◽  
Attack Surface ◽  
And Performance

Nowadays, most Cloud applications are developed using Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) or MicroService Architecture (MSA). The scalability and performance of them is achieved by executing multiple instances of its components in different nodes of a virtualization cluster. Initially, they were deployed in Virtual Machines (VMs) but, they required enough computational, memory, network and storage resources to hold an Operating System (OS), a set of utilities, libraries, and the application component. By deploying hundreds of these application components, the resource requirements increase a lot. To minimize them, usually small footprint OS are used. Later, as management tools were improved, the application components began to be deployed in Containers which require even less resources than VMs. Another way to reduce the resource requirements is integrating the application components in a Unikernel. This article proposes a Unikernel called MUK, based on a multiserver OS, to be used as a tool to integrate Cloud application components. MUK was built to run in user-space inside a Container of a Distributed Virtualization System. Both technologies facilitate the scattering of application components in a virtualization cluster keeping the isolation properties and minimal attack surface of a Unikernel.

scholarly journals MULTI-CLASS RESOURCE SHARING WITH BATCH ARRIVALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-366
Author(s):  
Paul Ezhilchelvan ◽  
Isi Mitrani
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Cloud Provider ◽  
Batch Arrivals ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Partial Blocking ◽  
Fixed Point Iterations

A cloud provider hosts virtual machines (VMs) of different types, with different resource requirements. There are bounds on the total amounts of each kind of resource that are available. Requests arrive in batches of different sizes. Under the ‘complete blocking’ policy, a request is accepted only if all the VMs in its batch can be accommodated. The ‘partial blocking’ policy would accept a request if there is room for at least one of the VMs in the batch. Blocked requests are lost, with an associated loss of revenue. The trade-offs between costs and benefits are evaluated by means of appropriate models, for which novel solutions based on fixed-point iterations are proposed. The applicability of those solutions is extended, by means of simplifications, to very large-scale systems. Numerical examples and comparisons with simulations are presented.

An Analytical Model for Resource Characterization and Parameter Estimation for DAG-Based Jobs for Homogeneous Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sajid ◽  
Zahid Raza
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Service Oriented Architectures ◽  
Resource Requirements

High Performance Computing (HPC) systems demand and consume a significant amount of resources (e.g. server, storage, electrical energy) resulting in high operational costs, reduced reliability, and sometimes leading to waste of scarce natural resources. On one hand, the most important issue for these systems is achieving high performance, while on the other hand, the rapidly increasing resource costs appeal to effectively predict the resource requirements to ensure efficient services in the most optimized manner. The resource requirement prediction for a job thus becomes important for both the service providers as well as the consumers for ensuring resource management and to negotiate Service Level Agreements (SLAs), respectively, in order to help make better job allocation decisions. Moreover, the resource requirement prediction can even lead to improved scheduling performance while reducing the resource waste. This work presents an analytical model estimating the required resources for the modular job execution. The analysis identifies the number of processors required and the maximum and minimum bounds on the turnaround time and energy consumed. Simulation study reveals that the scheduling algorithms integrated with the proposed analytical model helps in improving the average throughput and the average energy consumption of the system. As the work predicts the resource requirements, it can even play an important role in Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) like Cloud computing or Grid computing.

scholarly journals Bootstrap Estimation of Expected Risk and Return of Strategy Equity Indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Veronika Novotná ◽  
Stanislav Škapa
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Strategy ◽  
Bootstrap Estimation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Yield Risk ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Equity Index ◽  
Equity Indices ◽  
Sortino Ratio

The aim of this article is to present the results of research associated with the ex-post estimation of expected risk, return and other characteristics of strategy equity indices and capital-weighted equity indices partially and to determine credible methods for a transparent comparison. The data sources are the MSCI and STOXX equity index providers. Suitable statistical methods and a computation-intensive method for estimating selected characteristics have been used and compared to one another.For the measurement of excess return per unit of risk a modified Sortino ratio was used, which takes into account only the downside size and frequency of returns, measuring the return to negative volatility trade-off. Based on our results, it is apparent that some strategic equity indices outperform capital-weighted equity indices in a long-term investment perspective (1997-2018).A suitable combination of strategic equity indices, namely the mix of dividend strategy and momentum strategy may lead to the highest yield / risk ratio expressed by the Sortino ratio. The outperformance path of a mix of dividends and momentum strategy indices is much more stable than either the performance of the individual strategy equity indices or capital-weighted equity indices alone.

scholarly journals Alms-Giving and Financial Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grisvia Agustin ◽  
Agus Sumanto ◽  
Muhammad Hasyim Ibnu Abbas ◽  
Lustina Fajar Prastiwi ◽  
Santi Merlinda
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Personal Finance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Wealth Maximization ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
The Individual

Objectives of financial management may be broadly divided into two parts such as profit maximization and wealth maximization. But alms-giving doesn’t have any connection with profit maximization or wealth maximization. Giving of alms is individual spending with non-profit oriented. Alms-giving objective for religious reason only to obey God’s order. In macro economics and micro-economics theory there are alms component as spending. Because alms-giving is better to be spent secretly. The research aims to analyze causality relationship between giving of alms with individual financial management using Econometric analysis Toda-Yamamoto causality test with E-views software. Purposive sampling method is employed to get primary data from respondents. Personal finance management is an activity that involves all the individual financial decisions, which includes budgeting, saving, insurance, mortgages. When a person plans his personal finance, he needs to take a range of financial products and other personal factors into consideration. Personal finance management has a huge influence on one’s life and future. Respondents comes from various region with various occupation and income with various religion background. Research analysis finds overwhelming support for the idea which optimism impacts economic decision-making by proving that alms affect financial management. Keywords: Alms-giving, financial management, Toda-Yamamoto causality test

scholarly journals Load balancing in Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3224-3231
Author(s):  
K. Balaji, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Load Balancer

The evolution of IT led Cloud computing technology emerge as a new prototype in providing the services to its users on rented basis at any time or place. Considering the flexibility of cloud services, innumerable organizations switched their businesses to the cloud technology by setting up more data centers. Nevertheless, it has become mandatory to provide profitable execution of tasks and appropriate  resource utilization. A few approaches were outlined in literature to enhance performance, job scheduling, storage resources, QoS and load distribution. Load balancing concept permits data centers to avert over-loading or under-loading in virtual machines that as such is an issue in cloud computing domain. Consequently, it necessitate the researchers to layout and apply a proper load balancer for cloud environment. The respective study represents a view of problems and threats faced by the current load balancing techniques and make the researchers find more efficient algorithms.

scholarly journals Load balancing in Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3077-3084
Author(s):  
K. Balaji , Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Load Balancer

The evolution of IT led Cloud computing technology emerge as a new prototype in providing the services to its users on rented basis at any time or place. Considering the flexibility of cloud services, innumerable organizations switched their businesses to the cloud technology by setting up more data centers. Nevertheless, it has become mandatory to provide profitable execution of tasks and appropriate  resource utilization. A few approaches were outlined in literature to enhance performance, job scheduling, storage resources, QoS and load distribution. Load balancing concept permits data centers to avert over-loading or under-loading in virtual machines that as such is an issue in cloud computing domain. Consequently, it necessitate the researchers to layout and apply a proper load balancer for cloud environment. The respective study represents a view of problems and threats faced by the current load balancing techniques and make the researchers find more efficient algorithms.

scholarly journals Parliament2: Fast Structural Variant Calling Using Optimized Combinations of Callers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Zarate ◽  
Andrew Carroll ◽  
Olga Krashenina ◽  
Fritz J Sedlazeck ◽  
Goo Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variant Calling ◽  
Structural Variant ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
The Individual

AbstractHere we present Parliament2 – a structural variant caller which combines multiple best-in-class structural variant callers to create a highly accurate callset. This captures more events than the individual callers achieve independently. Parliament2 uses a call-overlap-genotype approach that is highly extensible to new methods and presents users the choice to run some or all of Breakdancer, Breakseq, CNVnator, Delly, Lumpy, and Manta to run. Parliament2 applies an additional parallelization framework to speed certain callers and executes these in parallel, taking advantage of the different resource requirements to complete structural variant calling much faster than running the programs individually. Parliament2 is available as a Docker container, which pre-installs all required dependencies. This allows users to run any caller with easy installation and execution. This Docker container can easily be deployed in cloud or local environments and is available as an app on DNAnexus.

An Islamic Perspective of Organizational Controls and Performance Evaluation

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-514
Author(s):  
Mawdudur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Al-Buraey
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Organizational Controls ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Considerations

An organizational performance evaluation is one part of a largermanagement control process involving complex relationships between variablesat the social, the organizational, and the individual levels. Thephilosophy, criteria, and methods used in performance evaluation varygreatly between different social and organizational cultures. In this paper,we address the issue from the perspective of a specific religion,’ Islam,and the culture which it has created, Islamic culture (IC), and compare itwith a secular culture (SC). Improvement and effectiveness in secular organizations(SO) are driven by economic considerations: while Islamicorganizations (IO) are required to look beyond such considerations. Thesupremacy of economic considerations limits an SO’S vision to thme materialisticaspects which provide the domain for deriving individual, social,and organizational goals and, at some point, everything must add up todollars and cents. An SO also derives transitory goals from economic considerations,for its organizational process emphasizes utilitarian and objectiveprinciples which state that profit maximization (or optimization) ispossible and also provides the criteria by which to measure success. In anIO, utilitarian objectives are allayed by spiritual needs, where the ideal is“reasonable profit,” and where there are sanctions against excessive profits.By definition, an organization is a purposive human system with purposesand goals which organizes and ptocesses material and human resomesfor the generation of output. For an SO, output is determined bysocial and economic goods and services, and a system’s success is measuredby its output’s quality and cost efficiency. The system’s reward isthe profit earned. Most of its output and reward measures are necessarilyquantitative and extrinsic in natute. An individual is, like any other partof that system, a supportive element vis-his the production of goods andservices. Thus the individual is part of a process driven by economic andquantitative criteria of success, one which has no room for hisher ownmoral and ethical standards. In other words, religious standards play noformal role in the SO management process.

A Virtual Machine Placement Algorithm with Energy-Efficiency in Cloud Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Yu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Live Migration ◽  
Vm Placement ◽  
Server Cluster ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Placement Algorithm

Energy efficient virtual machines (VM) management and distribution on cloud platforms is an important research subject. Mapping VMs into PMs (Physical Machines) requires knowing the capacity of each PM and the resource requirements of the VMs. It should also take into accounts of VM operation overheads, the reliability of PMs, Quality of Service (QoS) in addition to energy efficiency. In this article, the authors propose an energy efficient statistical live VM placement scheme in a heterogeneous server cluster. Their scheme supports VM requests scheduling and live migration to minimize the number of active servers in order to save the overall energy in a virtualized server cluster. Specifically, the proposed VM placement scheme incorporates all VM operation overheads in the dynamic migration process. In addition, it considers other important factors in relation to energy consumption and is ready to be extended with more considerations on user demands. The authors conducted extensive evaluations based on HPC jobs in a simulated environment. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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