scholarly journals Comparison of the muscle fascicle length between resistance-trained and untrained individuals: cross-sectional observation

SpringerPlus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuki Fukutani ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Fascicle

scholarly journals Nature of the coupling between neural drive and force-generating capacity in the human quadriceps muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1819) ◽  
pp. 20151908 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Hug ◽  
Clément Goupille ◽  
Daniel Baum ◽  
Brent J. Raiteri ◽  
Paul W. Hodges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Neural Drive ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
The Relationship

The force produced by a muscle depends on both the neural drive it receives and several biomechanical factors. When multiple muscles act on a single joint, the nature of the relationship between the neural drive and force-generating capacity of the synergistic muscles is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the ratio of neural drive and the ratio of muscle force-generating capacity between two synergist muscles (vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM)) in humans. Twenty-one participants performed isometric knee extensions at 20 and 50% of maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). Myoelectric activity (surface electromyography (EMG)) provided an index of neural drive. Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was estimated from measurements of muscle volume (magnetic resonance imaging) and muscle fascicle length (three-dimensional ultrasound imaging) to represent the muscles' force-generating capacities. Neither PCSA nor neural drive was balanced between VL and VM. There was a large ( r = 0.68) and moderate ( r = 0.43) correlation between the ratio of VL/VM EMG amplitude and the ratio of VL/VM PCSA at 20 and 50% of MVC, respectively. This study provides evidence that neural drive is biased by muscle force-generating capacity, the greater the force-generating capacity of VL compared with VM, the stronger bias of drive to the VL.

scholarly journals Differences in Plantar Flexor Fascicle Length and Pennation Angle between Healthy and Poststroke Individuals and Implications for Poststroke Plantar Flexor Force Contributions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Ramsay ◽  
Thomas S. Buchanan ◽  
Jill S. Higginson
Keyword(s):  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
The Individual

Poststroke plantar flexor muscle weakness has been attributed to muscle atrophy and impaired activation, which cannot collectively explain the limitations in force-generating capability of the entire muscle group. It is of interest whether changes in poststroke plantar flexor muscle fascicle length and pennation angle influence the individual force-generating capability and whether plantar flexor weakness is due to uniform changes in individual muscle force contributions. Fascicle lengths and pennation angles for the soleus, medial, and lateral gastrocnemius were measured using ultrasound and compared between ten hemiparetic poststroke subjects and ten healthy controls. Physiological cross-sectional areas and force contributions to poststroke plantar flexor torque were estimated for each muscle. No statistical differences were observed for any muscle fascicle lengths or for the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus pennation angles between paretic, nonparetic, and healthy limbs. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the paretic medial gastrocnemius pennation angle compared to both nonparetic and healthy limbs. Physiological cross-sectional areas and force contributions were smaller on the paretic side. Additionally, bilateral muscle contributions to plantar flexor torque remained the same. While the architecture of each individual plantar flexor muscle is affected differently after stroke, the relative contribution of each muscle remains the same.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional architecture of the whole human soleus muscle in vivo

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Bolsterlee ◽  
Taija Finni ◽  
Arkiev D’Souza ◽  
Junya Eguchi ◽  
Elizabeth C. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Total Muscle

Background Most data on the architecture of the human soleus muscle have been obtained from cadaveric dissection or two-dimensional ultrasound imaging. We present the first comprehensive, quantitative study on the three-dimensional anatomy of the human soleus muscle in vivo using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques. Methods We report three-dimensional fascicle lengths, pennation angles, fascicle curvatures, physiological cross-sectional areas and volumes in four compartments of the soleus at ankle joint angles of 69 ± 12° (plantarflexion, short muscle length; average ± SD across subjects) and 108 ± 7° (dorsiflexion, long muscle length) of six healthy young adults. Microdissection and three-dimensional digitisation on two cadaveric muscles corroborated the compartmentalised structure of the soleus, and confirmed the validity of DTI-based muscle fascicle reconstructions. Results The posterior compartments of the soleus comprised 80 ± 5% of the total muscle volume (356 ± 58 cm3). At the short muscle length, the average fascicle length, pennation angle and curvature was 37 ± 8 mm, 31 ± 3° and 17 ± 4 /m, respectively. We did not find differences in fascicle lengths between compartments. However, pennation angles were on average 12° larger (p < 0.01) in the posterior compartments than in the anterior compartments. For every centimetre that the muscle-tendon unit lengthened, fascicle lengths increased by 3.7 ± 0.8 mm, pennation angles decreased by −3.2 ± 0.9° and curvatures decreased by −2.7 ± 0.8 /m. Fascicles in the posterior compartments rotated almost twice as much as in the anterior compartments during passive lengthening. Discussion The homogeneity in fascicle lengths and inhomogeneity in pennation angles of the soleus may indicate a functionally different role for the anterior and posterior compartments. The data and techniques presented here demonstrate how DTI can be used to obtain detailed, quantitative measurements of the anatomy of complex skeletal muscles in living humans.

Musculotendon Parameters and Musculoskeletal Pathways Within the Human Foot

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Lachowitzer ◽  
Anne Ranes ◽  
Gary T. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models

In order to create a flexible model of the foot for dynamic musculoskeletal models, anthropometric data combined with geometric information describing the intrinsic musculature are needed. In this study, the left feet of two male and two female cadavers were dissected to expose the intrinsic musculotendon pathways. Three-dimensional coordinates of bony landmarks, tendon origins, insertions, and via points were digitized to submillimeter accuracy. Muscle architectural parameters were also measured, including volume, weight, and pennation angle and sarcomere, fascicle, and free tendon lengths. Optimal muscle fascicle lengths, pennation angles at optimal length, physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSA), and tendon slack lengths were calculated from the directly measured values. Fascicle length and pennation angle varied greatly within each subject. Average fascicle lengths normalized by optimal fascicle length varied between 0.73 and 1.25, with 75% of the formalin-preserved muscles being found in a shortened state. The muscle volume and PCSA also had a large variability within subjects but less variation between subjects. The ratio of tendon slack length to optimal fascicle length was found to vary between 1.05 and 9.56. Using this data, a deformable model of the foot can now be created. It is envisioned that deformable feet will significantly improve

Estimation and assessment of sagittal spinal curvature and thoracic muscle morphometry in different postures

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110146
Author(s):  
Anoosha Pai S ◽  
Honglin Zhang ◽  
Nima Ashjaee ◽  
David R. Wilson ◽  
Stephen HM Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Whole Spine

Spine models are typically developed from supine clinical imaging data, and hence clearly do not fully reflect postures that replicate subjects’ clinical symptoms. Our objectives were to develop a method to: (i) estimate the subject-specific sagittal curvature of the whole spine in different postures from limited imaging data, (ii) obtain muscle lines-of-action in different postures and analyze the effect of posture on muscle fascicle length, and (iii) correct for cosine between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan plane and dominant fiber line-of-action for muscle parameters (cross-sectional area (CSA) and position). The thoracic spines of six healthy volunteers were scanned in four postures (supine, standing, flexion, and sitting) in an upright MRI. Geometry of the sagittal spine was approximated with a circular spline. A pipeline was developed to estimate spine geometry in different postures and was validated. The lines-of-action for two muscles, erector spinae (ES) and transversospinalis (TS) were obtained for every posture and hence muscle fascicle lengths were computed. A correction factor based on published literature was then computed and applied to the muscle parameters. The maximum registration error between the estimated spine geometry and MRI data was small (average RMSE∼1.2%). The muscle fascicle length increased (up to 20%) in flexion when compared to erect postures. The correction factor reduced muscle parameters (∼5% for ES and ∼25% for TS) when compared to raw MRI data. The proposed pipeline is a preliminary step in subject-specific modeling. Direction cosines of muscles could be used while improving the inputs of spine models.

scholarly journals Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the plantaris tendon during frog jumping

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Astley ◽  
Thomas J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Elastic Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Muscle Shortening

Anuran jumping is one of the most powerful accelerations in vertebrate locomotion. Several species are hypothesized to use a catapult-like mechanism to store and rapidly release elastic energy, producing power outputs far beyond the capability of muscle. Most evidence for this mechanism comes from measurements of whole-body power output; the decoupling of joint motion and muscle shortening expected in a catapult-like mechanism has not been demonstrated. We used high-speed marker-based biplanar X-ray cinefluoroscopy to quantify plantaris muscle fascicle strain and ankle joint motion in frogs in order to test for two hallmarks of a catapult mechanism: (i) shortening of fascicles prior to joint movement (during tendon stretch), and (ii) rapid joint movement during the jump without rapid muscle-shortening (during tendon recoil). During all jumps, muscle fascicles shortened by an average of 7.8 per cent (54% of total strain) prior to joint movement, stretching the tendon. The subsequent period of initial joint movement and high joint angular acceleration occurred with minimal muscle fascicle length change, consistent with the recoil of the elastic tendon. These data support the plantaris longus tendon as a site of elastic energy storage during frog jumping, and demonstrate that catapult mechanisms may be employed even in sub-maximal jumps.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Sprint Performance and Muscle Fascicle Length in Female Sprinters.

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Abe ◽  
Senshi Fukashiro ◽  
Yasuhiro Harada ◽  
Kazuhisa Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Muscle Fascicle

scholarly journals Ontogenetic scaling patterns and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb musculature in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis P Lamas ◽  
Russell P Main ◽  
John R. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Dromaius Novaehollandiae ◽  
Pelvic Limb

Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are exclusively terrestrial, bipedal and cursorial ratites with some similar biomechanical characteristics to humans. Their growth rates are impressive as their body mass increases eighty-fold from hatching to adulthood whilst maintaining the same mode of locomotion throughout life. These ontogenetic characteristics stimulate biomechanical questions about the strategies that allow emus to cope with their rapid growth and locomotion, which can be partly addressed via scaling (allometric) analysis of morphology. In this study we have collected pelvic limb anatomical data (muscle architecture, tendon length, tendon mass and bone lengths) and calculated muscle physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and average tendon cross sectional area from emus across three ontogenetic stages (n=17, body masses from 3.6 to 42 kg). The data were analysed by reduced major axis regression to determine how these biomechanically relevant aspects of morphology scaled with body mass. Muscle mass and PCSA showed a marked trend towards positive allometry (26 and 27 out of 34 muscles respectively) and fascicle length showed a more mixed scaling pattern. The long tendons of the main digital flexors scaled with positive allometry for all characteristics whilst other tendons demonstrated a less clear scaling pattern. Finally, the two longer bones of the limb (tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus) also exhibited positive allometry for length and the two others (femur and first phalanx of digit III) had trends towards isometry. These results indicate that emus experience a relative increase in their muscle force-generating capacities, as well as potentially increasing the force-sustaining capacities of their tendons, as they grow. Furthermore, we have clarified anatomical descriptions and provided illustrations of the pelvic limb muscle-tendon units in emus.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic scaling patterns and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb musculature in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis P Lamas ◽  
Russell P Main ◽  
John R. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Dromaius Novaehollandiae ◽  
Pelvic Limb

Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are exclusively terrestrial, bipedal and cursorial ratites with some similar biomechanical characteristics to humans. Their growth rates are impressive as their body mass increases eighty-fold from hatching to adulthood whilst maintaining the same mode of locomotion throughout life. These ontogenetic characteristics stimulate biomechanical questions about the strategies that allow emus to cope with their rapid growth and locomotion, which can be partly addressed via scaling (allometric) analysis of morphology. In this study we have collected pelvic limb anatomical data (muscle architecture, tendon length, tendon mass and bone lengths) and calculated muscle physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and average tendon cross sectional area from emus across three ontogenetic stages (n=17, body masses from 3.6 to 42 kg). The data were analysed by reduced major axis regression to determine how these biomechanically relevant aspects of morphology scaled with body mass. Muscle mass and PCSA showed a marked trend towards positive allometry (26 and 27 out of 34 muscles respectively) and fascicle length showed a more mixed scaling pattern. The long tendons of the main digital flexors scaled with positive allometry for all characteristics whilst other tendons demonstrated a less clear scaling pattern. Finally, the two longer bones of the limb (tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus) also exhibited positive allometry for length and the two others (femur and first phalanx of digit III) had trends towards isometry. These results indicate that emus experience a relative increase in their muscle force-generating capacities, as well as potentially increasing the force-sustaining capacities of their tendons, as they grow. Furthermore, we have clarified anatomical descriptions and provided illustrations of the pelvic limb muscle-tendon units in emus.

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