scholarly journals Economic analysis of integrated vegetable–poultry production systems in the Babati District of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naphtal Habiyaremye ◽  
Justus Ochieng ◽  
Thomas Heckelei
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background Integrated vegetable–poultry production system has recently attracted attention both from the scientific and policy making communities for its potential contribution to food security as well as the opportunities it offers in improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Despite the efforts made, its benefits and costs in heterogeneous and real-world settings are not fully understood. Despite the promising design of the vegetable–poultry production system, rather little is known of its profitability and its contribution to better living conditions of rural households in different real-world settings. The same applies regarding the knowledge on factors influencing the decision to adopt such an integrated system. Methods Using cross-sectional data collected from 250 households in Babati district of Tanzania, we employ a gross margin analysis and a logit model to evaluate the profitability and to investigate the factors influencing the decision to integrate vegetable and poultry production systems. Results We find that the integrated vegetable–poultry production system is more profitable than vegetable farming alone and the profitability increases as the poultry flock size increases. An integrating household should keep 18 birds to get significant higher profit than non-integrator. Furthermore, gender and education level of the household head, awareness of integration benefits, land owned, household size, off-farm income, and total income received by the household influence the decision to integrate vegetable and poultry. Conclusion The study strongly promotes the integration of vegetable–poultry production system and highlights the influence of gender and awareness of integration benefits on the decision to integrate vegetable and poultry. Hence, the policy implication is to empower women and provide capacity building through training and extension services such as provision of affordable and improved vegetable seeds and poultry breeds.

scholarly journals Nigerian Fulani ecotype chickens - I – Growth performance under two production systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. R. Sanusi ◽  
 S. O.  Oseni
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

The rearing of indigenous chickens is an integral part of the smallholder farming systems in  developing countries, where they are kept by the rural poor to satisfy multiple functions Thus,  the growth performance of Nigerian Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) under intensive and  pastured poultry production systems was evaluated. Two hundred, day-old chicks of Nigerian  Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) were obtained. The chickens were separated randomly to  intensive and pastured poultry production systems at 12 weeks of age. Data on body weight  ® were taken weekly from day-old to 20 weeks. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS at statistical significance level of P<0.05. Results showed significant effect of sex of chicken  th th from the 10 to the 20 week of age (P<0.05). Significant interaction effect was observed  between sex and production system at weeks 16 and 18 (P<0.05) when the male chickens  under the intensive production system outpaced their male counterparts in the pastured  poultry. Average daily gain for the period of 20 weeks was 6.83g and 9.21g for female and  male chickens, respectively. Weight gain pattern across weeks was not uniform. There was no  significant difference in the growth rate in the two production systems (P>0.05). The study  revealed that little disparity exists in growth performance of NFEC under the pastured and  deep-litter production systems. 

scholarly journals Analysis of the Factors Influencing Market Participation among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyein Kyaw ◽  
Soojung Ahn ◽  
Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Dry Zone

Smallholder farmers face numerous constraints that restrict their access to markets and prevent them from taking advantage of market opportunities. This research aimed to examine the factors affecting the market participation of smallholder farmers and find ways to improve the income and livelihood of smallholder farmers, focusing on Myothit Township in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. For the primary data, we surveyed 150 smallholder rice farmers which were selected using a random sampling technique. Using the Heckman two-stage selection model, we analyzed the factors influencing smallholder rice farmers’ decisions regarding participation in the agricultural market. This study revealed that the decision to participate in the rice market was dependent on different factors such as the household head age, education status, household size, total produce of rice, price of rice, household income, ownership of livestock, membership of farmer organization, access to roads, distance to market, access to extension services, and market information. The results of this study have implications as to what factors need to be addressed to encourage smallholder rice farmers to participate in the market. We suggest that Myanmar government and policymakers need to establish balanced policies for small-scale farmers and manage them in an appropriate way so that agricultural development can be induced, contributing to poverty reduction, food security, and economic development.

Household participation in a Payments for Environmental Services programme: the Nhambita Forest Carbon Project (Mozambique)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Hegde ◽  
Gary Q. Bull ◽  
Sven Wunder ◽  
Robert A. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Forest Dependence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Village

AbstractQuantitative research on household participation in the Payments for Environmental Services (PES) programme remains scarce. This paper aims to determine the key factors influencing household participation in a PES programme in Mozambique. Questionnaire-based quarterly surveys were conducted with 290 randomly selected households. We used the instrumental variables technique to identify the factors influencing household participation. The instrumental variables used for forest dependence were: household head born in the village, duration of residence of the household head in the village, ethnicity of the household head, business ownership of the household head and off-farm income of the household. The results show that education of household head and households' trust towards community members positively influenced household participation in PES, while forest dependence influenced it negatively. Future PES projects may thus need to focus more on developing social capital and the resource dependence of households.

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for Rainfall based Insurance by Smallholder Farmers in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia: The Case of Dugda and Mieso Woredas

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-152
Author(s):  
Hiwot Teshome Abebe ◽  
Ayalneh Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Income Variability ◽  
Risk Insurance ◽  
Small Holder

Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenge to Ethiopia. Therefore,  farmers  have  faced  income  variability  in  almost  every  production  season. Problems associated with dependence on rain fed agriculture are common in Ethiopia. Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability from such income variability is also common. Over the years, a range of risk management strategies have been used to reduce, or to assist farmers to absorb, some of these risks. Since insurance is potentially an important instrument to transfer part of the risk, this study try to describe the nature of weather related risks faced by smallholder farmers, assess small holder farmers willingness to pay for the rainfall risk insurance and examine factors that affect the maximum farmers are willing to pay for the rainfall risk insurance. The data was collected from 161 sample households from the two woredas of the study area using closed ended value elicitation format followed by open ended follow up questions. The study uses Logit model to estimate the mean willingness to pay in the close ended format in addition with Tobit model to examine factors that affecting small holder farmer willingness to pay as well as intensity of payment. The mean willingness to pay values are found to be 129.98 and 183.41 birr per hectare for the open and close ended formats respectively. The total willingness to pay for the study area was found to be birr 5,740,244 per year. The tobit model shows six potential explanatory variables affect the willingness to pay value. Income of household and ownership of radio have positive and significant effect on the value of willingness to pay, whereas off-farm income, age of household head, number of livestock owning and availability of public and private gifts have negative and significant effect on willingness to pay value. If the rainfall risk insurance premium is affordable and households have enough information about the service they are willing to pay for the service. Eventually policy makers need to be aware that socio-economic and institutional characteristics of households influence the willingness to pay for rainfall risk insurance services.

scholarly journals Production Efficiency of Major Crops among Smallholders Farmers in Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masresha Y. Eskeziaw ◽  
Mengistu Ketema ◽  
Jema Haji ◽  
Ketema Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Economic Efficiencies

Agricultural production of most smallholders in Ethiopia is dependent with recurrent rainfall resulted in production variations. Limited input availability and precarious environmental conditions determine smallholders’ decisions on their production and the production efficiencies vary from farmer to farmer. This study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of smallholder farmers in the production of major crops and their determinants in central Ethiopia, Oromia special zone surrounding Addis Ababa. Multistage sampling technique was employed to randomly and proportionally select 386 smallholders from ten PAs. Primary data were collected from smallholders through a semi structured questionnaire using face to face interview. Cross sectional data collected from sampled households in the study area were analyzed using mathematical and econometric methods. Mathematical programming technique selected for this study was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using linear programming technique assuming multi-input and multi-outputs were handled. Tobit regression model was regressed against the socioeconomic, demographic, and institutional variables that are expected to affect the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of sampled households. The results of estimated efficiency scores show the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 0.75, 0.60 and 0.45 respectively. The mean scores of efficiencies show underutilization of resources and the possibilities of smallholders to increase their agricultural production by 25%, and reduce cost of production by 40% and total cost by 55%. Marital status, level of education, farming experience, access to credit, cooperative membership, access to farming information, and off/non-farm income has positive influence on the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies. While age of the household head, access to training and livestock size has negative relations to efficiencies. Delivery of agricultural inputs and trainings on time by the government is the key policy implication to improve the efficiencies of smallholders.  

Nigerian Fulani ecotype chickens - I – Growth performance under two production systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. R. Sanusi ◽  
S. O. Oseni
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

The rearing of indigenous chickens is an integral part of the smallholder farming systems in  developing countries, where they are kept by the rural poor to satisfy multiple functions Thus,  the growth performance of Nigerian Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) under intensive and  pastured poultry production systems was evaluated. Two hundred, day-old chicks of Nigerian  Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) were obtained. The chickens were separated randomly to  intensive and pastured poultry production systems at 12 weeks of age. Data on body weight  were taken weekly from day-old to 20 weeks. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS at statistical significance level of P<0.05. Results showed significant effect of sex of chicken  th th from the 10 to the 20 week of age (P<0.05). Significant interaction effect was observed  between sex and production system at weeks 16 and 18 (P<0.05) when the male chickens  under the intensive production system outpaced their male counterparts in the pastured  poultry. Average daily gain for the period of 20 weeks was 6.83g and 9.21g for female and  male chickens, respectively. Weight gain pattern across weeks was not uniform. There was no  significant difference in the growth rate in the two production systems (P>0.05). The study  revealed that little disparity exists in growth performance of NFEC under the pastured and  deep-litter production systems. 

scholarly journals Fertilizer Adoption and Use Intensity Among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana: A Case Study of the AGRA Soil Health Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Martey ◽  
Alexander Nimo Wiredu ◽  
Prince M. Etwire ◽  
Mathias Fosu ◽  
S. S. J. Buah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fertilizer Adoption

<p>Northern Ghana is characterized by food insecurity largely due to over reliance on rain-fed agriculture under low farm input conditions. The present study investigated the effect of factors influencing mineral fertilizer adoption and use intensity among smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana. A total of 330 smallholder farmers selected through multi-stage sampling technique were interviewed. Adoption of fertilizer technology was determined by age, nativity, farm size, access to credit, and distance to agricultural office. The result of the truncated regression estimates indicated that income of household head, membership of farmer association, distance to agricultural office, access to input shop, income earning household that do not participate in agricultural development project and income earning male headed household were the significant factors influencing fertilizer use intensity. Distance to agricultural office was a key positive determinant of fertilizer adoption and use intensity. The study recommends improvement in road infrastructure and technical training of agricultural extension agents. Farmer based organization must be trained on regular basis to enhance their productive skills and technology uptake.</p>

scholarly journals Adoption of On-Farm Plantation Forestry by Smallholder Farmers in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kiyingi ◽  
A. Edriss ◽  
M. Phiri ◽  
M. Buyinza ◽  
H. Agaba
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Plantation Forestry ◽  
Hurdle Model ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Double Hurdle Model ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
On Farm

<p>The study assessed the factors influencing adoption and intensity of adoption of on-farm plantation forestry by comparing results from a censored Tobit model and a Double-hurdle model. Analysis indicated that determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of on-farm plantation forestry are different, thus indicating a double-hurdle process. Results from the double-hurdle model indicated that size of landholding, secondary school education,  forestry skills training, extension services and farmers’ perceptions significantly explain the variation in the decision to invest in on-farm plantation forestry. On the other hand, gender of household head and size of landholding  influenced the intensity of adoption. This study highlights some of the areas that should be considered in developing adoption strategies for on-farm plantation forestry. It also highlights the importance of farmers’ perceptions in influencing adoption of farm forestry. The study suggests that since the factors influencing adoption and intensity of farm forestry adoption are made separately, it is important that both stages are considered in developing adoption strategies for farm forestry.</p>

scholarly journals Determinants of smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to the effects of climate change: Evidence from northern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Atube ◽  
Geoffrey M. Malinga ◽  
Martine Nyeko ◽  
Daniel M. Okello ◽  
Simon Peter Alarakol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Abstract Background Climate change poses a threat to the sustainability of food production among small-scale rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa that are dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Understanding farmers’ adaptations and the determinants of their adaptation strategies is crucial in designing realistic strategies and policies for agricultural development and food security. The main objectives of this study were to identify the adaptation strategies used by smallholder farmers to counter the perceived negative effects of climate change in northern Uganda, and factors influencing the use of specific adaptation strategies. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to collect data from 395 randomly selected smallholder farmers’ household heads across two districts by the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing farmers’ adaptation to climate change. Results The three most widely practiced adaptation strategies were planting of different crop varieties, planting drought-resistant varieties, and fallowing. Results of the binary logit regression model revealed that marital status of household head, access to credit, access to extension services, and farm income influenced farmers’ adoption of planting drought-resistant varieties as an adaptation strategy while access to credit, annual farm income, and time taken to market influenced adoption of planting improved seeds. Gender of household head and farm income had a positive influence on farmers’ adoption of fertilizer and pesticide use. Farming experience, farm income, and access to extension services and credit influenced farmers’ adoption of tree planting. Household size, farming experience, and time taken to market had positive influence on the use of fallowing, while size of land cultivated significantly influenced farmers’ planting of different crop varieties as an adaptation strategy. Conclusion Findings of the study suggest there are several factors that work together to influence adoption of specific adaptation strategies by smallholder farmers. This therefore calls for more effort from government to strengthen the provision of agricultural extension services by improving its climate information system, providing recommended agricultural inputs and training farmers on best agronomic practices to enhance their holistic adaptation to the effect of climate change.

scholarly journals Assessment of socio-economic characteristics that determine farmers’ access to agricultural extension services in Eastern Cape, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
O Loki ◽  
M. Alibe ◽  
M.M. Sikwela
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Extension Support

The study reported on in this paper investigated smallholder farmers’ access to extension services. The study sought to distinguish the varying degrees of access to services of smallholder farmers engaged in different production systems, that is, home gardening, field cropping, and livestock production. The study was conducted in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape, specifically in two communities, namely Ngcabasa and Phathikhala villages. Research activities included a survey of 100 farmers as well as focus group discussions. Employing logistic regression analysis, the study aimed to understand what influences whether or not a smallholder farmer accesses extension. The study also used various types of comparative statistics (T-test) to assess the implications of access to extension support, for instance for production and farm income. The main findings of the study were that 68% of the farming households interviewed in Ngcabasa and 71% of those in Phathikhala had access to extension services. Farmers who had access to extension had more farm income in both enterprises compared to those who had no access to extension services. From the regression analysis, farmers who were more likely to receive extension support appeared to be those who were older, those with less education, and those farming with livestock.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document