scholarly journals Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen M. Leonard ◽  
◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
Meritxell Pujolassos ◽  
Jacopo Troisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factor ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune digestive disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals in response to ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Research shows that genetic predisposition and exposure to gluten are necessary but not sufficient to trigger the development of CD. This suggests that exposure to other environmental stimuli early in life, e.g., cesarean section delivery and exposure to antibiotics or formula feeding, may also play a key role in CD pathogenesis through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we use multi-omics analysis to investigate how genetic and early environmental risk factors alter the development of the gut microbiota in infants at risk of CD. Results Toward this end, we selected 31 infants from a large-scale prospective birth cohort study of infants with a first-degree relative with CD. We then performed rigorous multivariate association, cross-sectional, and longitudinal analyses using metagenomic and metabolomic data collected at birth, 3 months and 6 months of age to explore the impact of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors on the gut microbiota composition, function, and metabolome prior to the introduction of trigger (gluten). These analyses revealed several microbial species, functional pathways, and metabolites that are associated with each genetic and environmental risk factor or that are differentially abundant between environmentally exposed and non-exposed infants or between time points. Among our significant findings, we found that cesarean section delivery is associated with a decreased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei and of folate biosynthesis pathway and with an increased abundance of hydroxyphenylacetic acid, alterations that are implicated in immune system dysfunction and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, longitudinal analysis revealed that, in infants not exposed to any environmental risk factor, the abundances of Bacteroides uniformis and of metabolite 3-3-hydroxyphenylproprionic acid increase over time, while those for lipoic acid and methane metabolism pathways decrease, patterns that are linked to beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions Overall, our study provides unprecedented insights into major taxonomic and functional shifts in the developing gut microbiota of infants at risk of CD linking genetic and environmental risk factors to detrimental immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen M Leonard ◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
Meritxell Pujolassos ◽  
Jacopo Troisi ◽  
Francesco Valitutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factor ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery

Abstract Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune digestive disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals in response to ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Research shows that genetic predisposition and exposure to gluten are necessary but not sufficient to trigger the development of CD. This suggests that exposure to other environmental stimuli early in life, e.g., cesarean section delivery, exposure to antibiotics or formula feeding, may also play a key role in CD pathogenesis through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we use multi-omics analysis to investigate how genetic and early environmental risk factors alter the development of the gut microbiota in infants at risk of CD. Results: Toward this end, we selected 31 infants from a large-scale prospective birth cohort study of infants with a first-degree relative with CD. We then performed rigorous multivariate association, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using metagenomic and metabolomic data collected at birth, three months and six months of age to explore the impact of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors on the gut microbiota composition, function and metabolome prior to the introduction of trigger (gluten). These analyses revealed several microbial species, functional pathways and metabolites that are associated with each genetic and environmental risk factor or that are differentially abundant between environmentally exposed and non-exposed infants or between time points. Among our significant findings, we found that cesarean section delivery is associated with a decreased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei and of folate biosynthesis pathway, and with an increased abundance of hydroxyphenylacetic acid, alterations that are implicated in immune system dysfunction and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, longitudinal analysis revealed that, in infants not exposed to any environmental risk factor, the abundances of Bacteroides uniformis and of metabolite 3-3-hydroxyphenylproprionic acid increase over time while those for lipoic acid and methane metabolism pathways decrease, patterns that are linked to beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions: Overall, our study provides unprecedented insights into major taxonomic and functional shifts in the developing gut microbiota of infants at risk of CD linking genetic and environmental risk factors to detrimental immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen M Leonard ◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
Meritxell Pujolassos ◽  
Jacopo Troisi ◽  
Francesco Valitutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factor ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery

Abstract Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune digestive disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals in response to ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Research shows that genetic predisposition and exposure to gluten are necessary but not sufficient to trigger the development of CD. This suggests that exposure to other environmental stimuli early in life, e.g., cesarean section delivery, exposure to antibiotics or formula feeding, may also play a key role in CD pathogenesis through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we use multi-omics analysis to investigate how genetic and early environmental risk factors alter the development of the gut microbiota in infants at risk of CD. Results: Toward this end, we selected 31 infants from a large-scale prospective birth cohort study of infants with a first-degree relative with CD. We then performed rigorous multivariate association, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using metagenomic and metabolomic data collected at birth, three months and six months of age to explore the impact of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors on the gut microbiota composition, function and metabolome prior to the introduction of trigger (gluten). These analyses revealed several microbial species, functional pathways and metabolites that are associated with each genetic and environmental risk factor or that are differentially abundant between environmentally exposed and non-exposed infants or between time points. Among our significant findings, we found that cesarean section delivery is associated with a decreased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei and of folate biosynthesis pathway, and with an increased abundance of hydroxyphenylacetic acid, alterations that are implicated in immune system dysfunction and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, longitudinal analysis revealed that, in infants not exposed to any environmental risk factor, the abundances of Bacteroides uniformis and of metabolite 3-3-hydroxyphenylproprionic acid increase over time while those for lipoic acid and methane metabolism pathways decrease, patterns that are linked to beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions: Overall, our study provides unprecedented insights into major taxonomic and functional shifts in the developing gut microbiota of infants at risk of CD linking genetic and environmental risk factors to detrimental immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen M Leonard ◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
Meritxell Pujolassos ◽  
Jacopo Troisi ◽  
Francesco Valitutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factor ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Omics Analysis

Abstract Background : Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune digestive disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals in response to ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Research shows that genetic predisposition and exposure to gluten are necessary but not sufficient to trigger the development of CD. This suggests that exposure to other environmental stimuli early in life, e.g., cesarean section delivery, exposure to antibiotics or formula feeding, may also play a key role in CD pathogenesis through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we use multi-omics analysis to investigate how genetic and early environmental risk factors alter the development of the gut microbiota in infants at risk of CD. Results : Toward this end, we took advantage of a large-scale prospective birth cohort study of infants with a first-degree relative with CD. We then performed rigorous multivariate association, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using metagenomic and metabolomic data collected at birth, three months and six months of age to explore the impact of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors on the gut microbiota composition, function and metabolome prior to the introduction of trigger (gluten). These analyses revealed several microbial species, functional pathways and metabolites that are associated with each genetic and environmental risk factor or that are differentially abundant between environmentally exposed and non-exposed infants or between time points. Among our significant findings, we found that cesarean section delivery is associated with a decreased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei and of folate biosynthesis pathway, and with an increased abundance of hydroxyphenylacetic acid, alterations that are implicated in immune system dysfunction and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, longitudinal analysis revealed that, in infants not exposed to any environmental risk factor, the abundances of Bacteroides uniforms and of metabolite 3-3-hydroxyphenylproprionic acid increase over time, while those for lipoic acid and methane metabolism pathways decrease, patterns that are linked to beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : Overall, our study provides unprecedented insights into major taxonomic and functional shifts in the developing gut microbiota of infants at risk of CD ultimately linking genetic and environmental risk factors to detrimental immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects. Keywords: Microbiota; Celiac disease; Multi-omics analysis, gut microbiome

scholarly journals Introduction to the Environmental Burden of Disease concept – history, methods and selected results

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Plass ◽  
M Tobollik ◽  
D Wintermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Environmental Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Burden

Abstract Background The Environmental Burden of Disease (EBD)-concept was introduced by the World Health Organization to quantify the impacts of environmental risk factors on population health in a comprehensive and comparable way. Since the first Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-study the EBD-methodology was used in numerous global, regional and national assessments. Methods In the EBD-concept data from different sources are joined using a standardized framework. To calculate the EBD several steps need to be taken into account. First, the exposure of the selected population towards an environmental risk factor is estimated. In a second step, exposure data and information from an exposure-response-function are combined by using the population attributable fraction formula. In a last step, the attributable fraction (percentage) is multiplied by the disease burden resulting from a selected health outcome to estimate the share of disease burden attributable to the environmental risk factor. Results Since the first GBD-study several stakeholders have used the EBD-concept to estimate the disease burden attributable to environmental risk factors. This lead to an increased number of available data sets, which - due to the varying assumptions used in the models - are not ad hoc comparable among each other. Generally, the results of EBD-assessments are presented using disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as the core measure of burden of disease assessments. However, e. g. due to lack of data, assessments also focus on the number of attributable deaths, illnesses or single components of the DALY such as the years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL). Conclusions The EBD-concept allows to compare the impact of environmental risk factors on population health. Though the general concept is widely standardized, assumptions on model parameters can lead to varying results. Therefore, when communicating EBD-results it is necessary to be very transparent about data and model inputs.

Midlife risk factors of diseases and geriatric syndromes

2017 ◽  
pp. 1259-1264
Author(s):  
Timo E. Strandberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Midlife Risk Factors

Environmental risk factors for adverse health outcomes are usually evident by midlife. Genes and the ageing process modify the risk factor actions, and together become the main causes of chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and the most common forms of cancer (breast, prostate, colon) later in life. The most important lifestyle-related or environmental risk factors include diet, smoking, and physical inactivity, which often contribute to traditional or medical risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia, which are the downstream antecedents of many other disease states. Further, it is increasingly evident that the occurrence of common geriatric syndromes, including frailty and mild cognitive impairment, can also be predicted by midlife risk factors. Current knowledge of risk factor development during the life course, and evidence-based prevention should be better utilized in the long-term prevention of health problems in old age.

scholarly journals Environmental risk factors of multiple sclerosis in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Maroufi ◽  
Seyyed Hosein Mortazavi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽  
Sharareh Eskandarieh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Stressful Events

Background: The environmental factors play a major role as risk factors of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed at gathering environmental risk factors of MS in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Methods: We used MEDLINE and EMBASE databases by a systematic review method. Out of a total of 123 studies, 16 studies met the eligibility criteria. Results: Totally, 47 risk factors were assessed as follows: six studies found sunlight exposure as a protective factor with the odds ratio (OR) ranging from 0.06 to 0.57. Six studies evaluated smoking as a risk factor with the OR ranging from 1.69 in all patients to 6.48 in female patients. Four studies supported measles infection as a risk factor with the OR ranging from 1.60 to 3.77, and in 3 studies, stressful events had a significant association with the OR of 1.80, 1.90, and 32.57. Conclusion: Among 47 assessed risk factors, sunlight exposure, cigarette smoking, measles infection, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and stressful events had a significant association with MS.  

Self-Control As a Moderator for Environmental Risk Factors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wills ◽  
Pallav Pokhrel ◽  
Frederick X. Gibbons ◽  
James D. Sargent ◽  
Mike Stoolmiller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Self Control
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