scholarly journals Modelling of geomagnetically induced currents in the Czech transmission grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Švanda ◽  
Anna Smičková ◽  
Tatiana Výbošťoková
Keyword(s):  
Wave Model ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Geoelectric Field ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Low Amplitude

AbstractWe investigate the maximum expected magnitudes of the geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the Czech transmission power network. We compute a model utilising the Lehtinen–Pirjola method, considering the plane-wave model of the geoelectric field, and using the transmission network parameters kindly provided by the operator. We find that the maximum amplitudes expected in the nodes of the Czech transmission grid during the Halloween storm-like event are about 15 A. For the “extreme-storm” conditions with a 1-V/km geoelectric field, the expected maxima do not exceed 40 A. We speculate that the recently proven statistical correlation between the increased geomagnetic activity and anomaly rate in the power grid may be due to the repeated exposure of the devices to the low-amplitude GICs. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Geomagnetically induced currents in the Irish power network during geomagnetic storms

Space Weather ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán P. Blake ◽  
Peter T. Gallagher ◽  
Joe McCauley ◽  
Alan G. Jones ◽  
Colin Hogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Induced Currents

MAG-GIC: Geomagnetically Induced Currents risk hazard in the Portuguese power network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Alexandra Pais ◽  
Fernando J. G. Pinheiro ◽  
Fernando A. Monteiro Santos ◽  
Pedro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Power Network ◽  
The South ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Solar Cycle 24 ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Shunt Reactors

<p>The MAG-GIC project has as a main goal to produce the chart of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) risk hazard in the distribution power network of Portugal mainland.</p><p>The study of GICs is important as they represent a threat for infrastructures such as power grids, pipelines, telecommunication cables, and railway systems. A deeper insight into GICs hazard may help in planning and designing more resilient transmission systems and help with criteria for equipment selection.</p><p>GICs are a result of variations in the ionospheric and magnetospheric electric currents, that cause changes in the Earth's magnetic field. The Coimbra magnetic observatory (COI) is one of the oldest observatories in operation in the world and the only one in Portugal mainland. It has been (almost) continuously monitoring the geomagnetic field variations since 1866, and in particular, it has registered the imprint of geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 24. Besides the geomagnetic storm signal, which represents the GICs driver, the crust and upper mantle electrical conductivities determine the amplitude and geometry of the induced electric fields.</p><p>To present a better approximation of the Earth's conductivity structure below the Portuguese power network, we initiated a campaign to acquire magnetotelluric (MT) data in a grid of 50x50 km all over the territory. Nonetheless, there already exist enough MT data to create a realistic 3D conductivity model in the south of Portugal.</p><p>The other important input is the electric circuit for the network grid. We benefit from the collaboration of the Portuguese high voltage power network (REN) company, in providing the grid parameters as resistances and transformer locations, thus allowing us to construct a more precise model. In particular, we implement in our model the effect of shield wires and shunt reactors resistances.</p><p>In this study, we present the results of GIC calculations for the south of Portugal for some of the strongest geomagnetic storms in the 20015-17 period recorded at COI during solar cycle 24. We will focus on the sensitivity of results concerning two different conductivity models and different values of the shielding circuit parameters and shunt reactors devices.</p>

scholarly journals Geomagnetically induced currents in the New Zealand power network

Space Weather ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Marshall ◽  
M. Dalzell ◽  
C. L. Waters ◽  
P. Goldthorpe ◽  
E. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Induced Currents

scholarly journals Mitigating the effects of geomagnetically induced currents in the power network

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 5514-5525
Author(s):  
Ali Hesami Naghshbandy ◽  
Arman Ghaderi Baayeh ◽  
Ayda Faraji
Keyword(s):  
Power Network ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Induced Currents

scholarly journals Modelling geomagnetically induced currents in midlatitude Central Europe using a thin-sheet approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Bailey ◽  
Thomas S. Halbedl ◽  
Ingrid Schattauer ◽  
Alexander Römer ◽  
Georg Achleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Geoelectric Field ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Induced Currents

Abstract. Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power systems, which can lead to transformer damage over the short and the long term, are a result of space weather events and geomagnetic variations. For a long time, only high-latitude areas were considered to be at risk from these currents, but recent studies show that considerable GICs also appear in midlatitude and equatorial countries. In this paper, we present initial results from a GIC model using a thin-sheet approach with detailed surface and subsurface conductivity models to compute the induced geoelectric field. The results are compared to measurements of direct currents in a transformer neutral and show very good agreement for short-period variations such as geomagnetic storms. Long-period signals such as quiet-day diurnal variations are not represented accurately, and we examine the cause of this misfit. The modelling of GICs from regionally varying geoelectric fields is discussed and shown to be an important factor contributing to overall model accuracy. We demonstrate that the Austrian power grid is susceptible to large GICs in the range of tens of amperes, particularly from strong geomagnetic variations in the east–west direction.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods for modelling geomagnetically induced currents

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1177-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Boteler ◽  
R. J. Pirjola
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Geoelectric Field ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Admittance Matrix ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Matrix Expression

Abstract. Assessing the geomagnetic hazard to power systems requires reliable modelling of the geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) produced in the power network. This paper compares the Nodal Admittance Matrix method with the Lehtinen–Pirjola method and shows them to be mathematically equivalent. GIC calculation using the Nodal Admittance Matrix method involves three steps: (1) using the voltage sources in the lines representing the induced geoelectric field to calculate equivalent current sources and summing these to obtain the nodal current sources, (2) performing the inversion of the admittance matrix and multiplying by the nodal current sources to obtain the nodal voltages, (3) using the nodal voltages to determine the currents in the lines and in the ground connections. In the Lehtinen–Pirjola method, steps 2 and 3 of the Nodal Admittance Matrix calculation are combined into one matrix expression. This involves inversion of a more complicated matrix but yields the currents to ground directly from the nodal current sources. To calculate GIC in multiple voltage levels of a power system, it is necessary to model the connections between voltage levels, not just the transmission lines and ground connections considered in traditional GIC modelling. Where GIC flow to ground through both the high-voltage and low-voltage windings of a transformer, they share a common path through the substation grounding resistance. This has been modelled previously by including non-zero, off-diagonal elements in the earthing impedance matrix of the Lehtinen–Pirjola method. However, this situation is more easily handled in both the Nodal Admittance Matrix method and the Lehtinen–Pirjola method by introducing a node at the neutral point.

scholarly journals Fast computation of the geoelectric field using the method of elementary current systems and planar Earth models

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Viljanen ◽  
A. Pulkkinen ◽  
O. Amm ◽  
R. Pirjola ◽  
T. Korja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Local Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Variation ◽  
Geoelectric Field ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Current Systems

Abstract. The method of spherical elementary current systems provides an accurate modelling of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic variation field. The interpolated magnetic field is used as input to calculate the horizontal geoelectric field. We use planar layered (1-D) models of the Earth's conductivity, and assume that the electric field is related to the local magnetic field by the plane wave surface impedance. There are locations in which the conductivity structure can be approximated by a 1-D model, as demonstrated with the measurements of the Baltic Electromagnetic Array Research project. To calculate geomagnetically induced currents (GIC), we need the spatially integrated electric field typically in a length scale of 100km. We show that then the spatial variation of the electric field can be neglected if we use the measured or interpolated magnetic field at the site of interest. In other words, even the simple plane wave model is fairly accurate for GIC purposes. Investigating GIC in the Finnish high-voltage power system and in the natural gas pipeline, we find a good agreement between modelled and measured values, with relative errors less than 30% for large GIC values. Key words. Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (geomagnetic induction; rapid time variations) – Ionosphere (electric field and currents)

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