Functional relationship between photosynthetic leaf gas exchange in response to silicon application and water stress mitigation in sugarcane

Abstract Background Water stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that negatively influences the growth, development and production of sugarcane in arid and semi-arid regions. However, silicon (Si) has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to environmental stresses. Methods In this experiment, Si was applied as soil irrigation in sugarcane plants to understand the mitigation effect of Si against harmful impact of water stress on photosynthetic leaf gas exchange. Results In the present study we primarily revealed the consequences of low soil moisture content, which affect overall plant performance of sugarcane significantly. Silicon application reduced the adverse effects of water stress by improving the net photosynthetic assimilation rate (Anet) 1.35–18.75%, stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) 3.26–21.57% and rate of transpiration (E) 1.16–17.83%. The mathematical models developed from the proposed hypothesis explained the functional relationships between photosynthetic responses of Si application and water stress mitigation. Conclusions Silicon application showed high ameliorative effects on photosynthetic responses of sugarcane to water stress and could be used for mitigating environmental stresses in other crops, too, in future.

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Developing mathematical model for diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis in Saccharum officinarum responsive to different irrigation and silicon application

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10154

Author(s):

Krishan K. Verma ◽

Kai-Chao Wu ◽

Chhedi Lal Verma ◽

Dong-Mei Li ◽

Mukesh Kumar Malviya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Soil Irrigation ◽

Photosynthetic Responses

In the dynamic era of climate change, agricultural farming systems are facing various unprecedented problems worldwide. Drought stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that hinder the growth potential and crop productivity. Silicon (Si) can improve crop yield by enhancing the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. As a quasi-essential element and the 2nd most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, Si is utilized by plants and applied exogenously to combat drought stress and improve plant performance by increasing physiological, cellular and molecular responses. However, the physiological mechanisms that respond to water stress are still not well defined in Saccharum officinarum plants. To the best of our knowledge, the dynamics of photosynthesis responsive to different exogenous Si levels in Saccharum officinarum has not been reported to date. The current experiment was carried out to assess the protective role of Si in plant growth and photosynthetic responses in Saccharum officinarum under water stress conditions. Saccharum officinarum cv. ‘GT 42’ plants were subjected to drought stress conditions (80–75%, 55–50% and 35–30% of soil moisture) after ten weeks of normal growth, followed by the soil irrigation of Si (0, 100, 300 and 500 mg L−1) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that Si addition mitigated the inhibition in Saccharum officinarum growth and photosynthesis, and improved biomass accumulation during water stress. The photosynthetic responses (photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance) were found down-regulated under water stress, and it was significantly enhanced by Si application. No phytotoxic effects were monitored even at excess (500 mg L−1). Soil irrigation of 300 mg L−1 of Si was more effective as 100 and 500 mg L−1 under water stress condition. It is concluded that the stress in Saccharum officinarum plants applied with Si was alleviated by improving plant fitness, photosynthetic capacity and biomass accumulation as compared with the control. Thus, this study offers new information towards the assessment of growth, biomass accumulation and physiological changes related to water stress with Si application in plants.

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Soybean Leaf Gas‐Exchange Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Water Stress

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600040009x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 625-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

L. H. Allen ◽

R. R. Valle ◽

J. W. Mishoe ◽

J. W. Jones

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Soybean Leaf

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Differential responses between mature and young leaves of sunflower plants to oxidative stress caused by water deficit

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782010000600008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1290-1294 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Inês Cechin ◽

Natália Corniani ◽

Terezinha de Fátima Fumis ◽

Ana Catarina Cataneo

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Mda Content ◽

Gas Exchange Characteristics

The effects of water stress and rehydration on leaf gas exchange characteristics along with changes in lipid peroxidation and pirogalol peroxidase (PG-POD) were studied in mature and in young leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which were grown in a greenhouse. Water stress reduced photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g s), and transpiration (E) in both young and mature leaves. However, the amplitude of the reduction was dependent on leaf age. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased in mature leaves but it was not altered in young leaves. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) in mature stressed leaves was reduced when compared to control leaves while in young stressed leaves it was maintained to the same level as the control. After 24h of rehydration, most of the parameters related to gas exchange recovered to the same level as the unstressed plants except gs and E in mature leaves. Water stress did not activated PG-POD independently of leaf age. However, after rehydration the enzyme activity was increased in mature leaves and remained to the same as the control in young leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased by water stress in both mature and young leaves. The results suggest that young leaves are more susceptible to water stress in terms of gas exchange characteristics than mature leaves although both went through oxidative estresse.

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Late Season Water Stress in Cotton: II. Leaf Gas Exchange and Assimilation Capacity

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x003600040018x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 922-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

K. L. Faver ◽

T. J. Gerik ◽

P. M. Thaxton ◽

K. M. El‐Zik

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Late Season ◽

Assimilation Capacity

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF THREE WOODY SPECIES SEEDLINGS UNDER WATER STRESS, IN SOIL WITH AND WITHOUT ORGANIC MATTER

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/0100-67622016000300009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 455-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria da Assunção Machado Rocha ◽

Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽

Marlos Alves Bezerra ◽

Francisca Edineide Lima Barbosa ◽

Hernandes de Oliveira Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Water Status ◽

Near Field ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

African Mahogany

ABSTRACT The low availability of water in the soil is one of the limiting factors for the growth and survival of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of physiological processes in early growth of guanandi (Calophyllum brasilense Cambess), African mahogany (Khayai vorensis A. Chev) and oiti (Licaniato mentosa Benth Fritsch) over a period of water stress and other of rehydration in the soil with and without addition of organic matter. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomised into a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, comprising three species (guanandi, African mahogany, and oiti), two water regimes (with and without water restriction) and two levels of organic fertilisation (with and without the addition of organic matter). Irrigation was suspended for 15 days in half of the plants, while the other half (control) continued to receive daily irrigation, the soil being maintained near field capacity for these plants. At the end of the stress period, the plants were again irrigated for 15 days to determine their recovery. Water restriction reduced leaf water potential and gas exchange in the three species under study, more severely in soil with no addition of organic matter. The addition of this input increased soil water retention and availability to the plants during the suspension of irrigation, reducing the detrimental effects of the stress. During the period of rehydration, there was strong recovery of water status and leaf gas exchange. However recovery was not complete, suggesting that some of the effects caused by stress irreversibly affected cell structures and functions. However, of the species being studied, African mahogany displayed a greater sensitivity to stress, with poorer recovery.

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Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll index in guava fertirrigated with bovine biofertilizer and nitrogen

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e588997606

Author(s):

Elisson Alves Santana ◽

Francisco Eduardo dos Santos Gomes ◽

Jackson Teixeira Lobo ◽

Alberto de Andrade Soares Filho ◽

Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Chl A ◽

Internal Co2 ◽

Chlorophyll Index ◽

Photosynthetic Responses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fertirrigation with nitrogen and liquid bovine biofertilizer on gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll index of 'paluma' guava (Psidium guajava L.). The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement (2 × 4) referring to mineral fertilizing with N (50% and 100% of N recommended) and biofertilizer concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of the fertirrigated volume). Variables evaluated were chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll indexes (Chltotal), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), net photosynthesis (A), instant carboxylation efficiency (iCE) and water use efficiency (WUE). The biofertilizer significantly affected Chl a, Chl b, Chltotal, A, gs and E, with quadratic polynomial adjustment of the results. However, there was no effect of N fertilization and interaction between the factors. Maximum index of Chltotal was 32.31 obtained with the estimated dose of 3.8% of the biofertilizer; while A, gs and E presented maximum responses of 19.09 µmol of CO2 m-2 s-1, 0.28 mol of H2O m-2 s-1 and 4.93 mmol of H2O m-2 s-1, with estimated doses of 3.6%, 3.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. Generally, liquid bovine biofertilizer applied via fertirrigation affects positively the photosynthetic responses in 'paluma' guava, however, with decreasing effects for doses above 3.8%.

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The influence of water stress on plant hydraulics, gas exchange, berry composition and quality of Pinot Noir wines in Switzerland

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2017.51.1.1314 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Vivian Zufferey ◽

Jean-Laurent Spring ◽

Thibaut Verdenal ◽

Agnès Dienes ◽

Sandrine Belcher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Water Status ◽

Growing Season ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Plant Hydraulics ◽

Berry Composition

Aims : The aims of this study were to investigate the physiological behavior (plant hydraulics, gas exchange) of the cultivar Pinot Noir in the field under progressively increasing conditions of water stress and analyze the effects of drought on grape and wine quality.Methods and results : Grapevines of the variety Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir (clone 9-18, grafted onto 5BB) were subjected to different water regimes (irrigation treatments) over the growing season. Physiological indicators were used to monitor plant water status (leaf and stem water potentials and relative carbon isotope composition (d13C) in must sugars). Leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis A and transpiration E), leaf stomatal conductance (gs), specific hydraulic conductivity in petioles (Kpetiole), yield components, berry composition at harvest, and organoleptic quality of wines were analyzed over a 7-year period, between 2009 and 2015, under relatively dry conditions in the canton of Wallis, Switzerland. A progressively increasing water deficit, observed throughout the season, reduced the leaf gas exchange (A and E) and gs in non-irrigated vines. The intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi, A/gs) increased during the growing season and was greater in water-stressed vines than in well-watered vines (irrigated vines). This rise in WUEi was correlated with an increase in d13C in must sugars at harvest. Drought led to decreases in Kpetiole, E and sap flow in stems. A decrease in vine plant vigor was observed in vines that had been subjected to water deficits year after year. Moderate water stress during ripening favored sugar accumulation in berries and caused a reduction in total acidic and malic contents in must and available nitrogen content (YAN). Wines produced from water-stressed vines had a deeper color and were richer in anthocyanins and phenol compounds compared with wines from well-watered vines with no water stress. The vine water status greatly influenced the organoleptic quality of the resulting wines. Wines made from non-irrigated vines with a water deficit presented more structure and higher-quality tannins. They were also judged to be more full-bodied and with blended tannins than those made from irrigated vines.Conclusions : Grape ripening and resulting Pinot Noir wines were found to be largely dependent on the water supply conditions of the vines during the growing season, which influenced gas exchange and plant hydraulics.Significance and impact of the study : Plant water status constitutes a key factor in leaf gas exchange, canopy water use efficiency, berry composition and wine quality.

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