Low serum sodium concentration is a prognostic factor related to current blood glucose level in stable hemodialysis patients: an observational study

AbstrakKejang demam merupakan kelainan neurologik yang paling sering dijumpai pada anak. Kejang demam merupakan bangkitan kejang yang terjadi pada saat anak demam akibat proses ekstrakranial. Kejang demam terjadi pada suhu rektal >38 C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran elektrolit dan gula darah pada pasien kejang demam yang dirawat di bangsal anak RSUP Dr. M. Djamil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode retrospektif dengan mengambil data dari bagian rekam medis RSUP Dr. M.Djamil. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh pasien kejang demam yang dirawat di bangsal anak RSUP Dr. M. Djamil periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Dari 173 kasus kejang demam, terdapat 51 kasus yang memenuhi kriteria sampel penelitian. Sebagian besar sampel merupakan kejang demam pertama (76,5%). Kejang demam kompleks didapatkan sebesar 64,7%. Kasus kejang demam terbanyak terjadi pada kelompok usia ≥6 bulan < 2 tahun yaitu sebesar 51%. Kejang demam lebih sering terjadi pada laki-laki daripada perempuan dengan perbandingan 1,4:1. Penelitian menunjukkan penurunan nilai natrium serum (n=46, 80,4%), dan kalsium serum (n=30, 63,3%), nilai kalium serum normal (n=46, 76,1%), dan peningkatan nilai gula darah sewaktu (n=45, 57,8%). Pada pasien kejang demam ditemukan penurunan nilai natrium dan kalsium serum, nilai kalium serum normal, dan peningkatan nilai gula darah sewaktu. Diharapkan penelitian yang akan datang memiliki jumlah sampel yang lebih besar untuk mengetahui gambaran elektrolit dan gula darah pada pasien kejang demam.Kata kunci: kejang demam, natrium serum, kalium serum, kalsium serum, gula darah sewaktuAbstractFebrile seizure is the most common neurological disorder found in children. Febrile seizure is seizure that occurs while the children have fever caused by extracranial process. It occurs in rectal temperature >38 C. This research aim to describe the electrolytes and blood glucose in patients with febrile seizure who were treated at the pediatric's ward of Dr. M. Djamil general hospital. From 173 cases of febrile seizures, there are 51 cases that meet the criterias of the research sample. Most of the research samples are first febrile seizure (76.5%). Complex febrile seizure occurred in 64.7%. Most cases of febrile seizures occurred in the age group ≥ 6 months - <2 years, about 51%. Febrile seizures are more common in males than females with the ratio 1.4:1. The research shows decrease serum sodium (n = 46, 80.4%), and serum calcium (n = 30, 63.3%), normal serum potassium (n = 46, 76.1%), and increase non-fasting blood glucose level (n = 45, 57.8%). The patients with febrile seizure show decrease serum sodium and calcium, normal serum potassium, and increase non-fasting blood glucose level. Expected future studies have a lot of samples in determining the electrolytes and blood glucose in patients with febrile seizure.Keywords: febrile seizures, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum calcium, non-fasting blood glucose level

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Hyponatremia in Children

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.2.6.187 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 187-190

Author(s):

Robert C. Kelsch ◽

William J. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

The Body ◽

Serum Osmolality ◽

Serum Sodium Concentration ◽

A Minor ◽

Effector Mechanisms

Hyponatremia is usually recognized following an electrolyte screen since it is not symptomatic, except in its severest degrees. The pathophysiologic implications of hyponatremia and its therapy are quite varied. The purpose of this review is to present a diagnostic plan which in most instances will resolve the therapeutic dilemma. This approach is a minor modification of that developed by Schrier and Berl1 for evaluating hyposmolar states. GENERAL PRINCIPLES The occurrence of hyponatremia indicates a failure of those receptor and effector mechanisms designed to assure that the quantity of water in the body will closely relate to the amount of solute in the major bodywater spaces. The principal sensors are designed to recognize osmolar changes, not changes in sodium concentration. Nevertheless, measurement of serum sodium concentration is the most readily available tool for estimation of disturbances in osmolality. Fanestil2 has recorded 14 formulae designed to estimate osmolality from serum sodium concentration or sodium, glucose, and urea concentrations. The simplest of these formulae, osmolality = 2 x Na+ + 10, is satisfactory in the vast majority of clinical circumstances occurring in pediatrics. Diabetes mellitus is the only relatively common state that requires the use of alternate formulations to correct for hyperglycemia. The contribution to serum osmolality by glucose can be approximated by adding to the above formula 1 mOsm for each 18 mg/100 ml of blood glucose above the level of 100 mg/100 ml.

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