scholarly journals Immune cell labelling and tracking: implications for adoptive cell transfer therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Galli ◽  
Michela Varani ◽  
Chiara Lauri ◽  
Guido Gentiloni Silveri ◽  
Livia Onofrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adoptive Cell Transfer ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

Abstract Background The understanding of the role of different immune cell subsets that infiltrate tumors can help researchers in developing new targeted immunotherapies to reactivate or reprogram them against cancer. In addition to conventional drugs, new cell-based therapies, like adoptive cell transfer, proved to be successful in humans. Indeed, after the approval of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, researchers are trying to extend this approach to other cancer or cell types. Main body This review focuses on the different approaches to non-invasively monitor the biodistribution, trafficking and fate of immune therapeutic cells, evaluating their efficacy at preclinical and clinical stages. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for published articles on the imaging of cell tracking in humans and preclinical models. Conclusion Labelling specific immune cell subtypes with specific radiopharmaceuticals, contrast agents or optical probes can elucidate new biological mechanisms or predict therapeutic outcome of adoptive cell transfer therapies. To date, no technique is considered the gold standard to image immune cells in adoptive cell transfer therapies.

scholarly journals Application of CAR-T Cell Therapy beyond Oncology: Autoimmune Diseases and Viral Infections

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Zmievskaya ◽  
Aygul Valiullina ◽  
Irina Ganeeva ◽  
Alexey Petukhov ◽  
Albert Rizvanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Adoptive Cell Transfer ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has long been at the forefront of the battle with cancer that began last century with the therapeutic application of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) against melanoma. The development of novel ACT approaches led researchers and clinicians to highly efficient technologies based on genetically engineered T lymphocytes, with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells as the most prominent example. CARs consist of an extracellular domain that represents the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) responsible for target recognition and the intracellular domain, which was built from up to several signaling motifs that mediated T cell activation. The number of potential targets amenable for CAR-T cell therapy is expanding rapidly, which means that the tremendous success of this approach in oncology could be further translated to treating other diseases. In this review, we outlined modern trends and recent developments in CAR-T cell therapy from an unusual point of view by focusing on diseases beyond cancer, such as autoimmune disorders and viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Engineering NK Cells for CAR Therapy—Recent Advances in Gene Transfer Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Schmidt ◽  
Martin J. Raftery ◽  
Gabriele Pecher
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Product ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T ◽  
Low Levels

The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has introduced a new and effective strategy to guide and promote the immune response against tumors in the clinic. More recently, in an attempt to enhance its utility, this method has been expanded to novel cell types. One of the more successful variants has proven to be the expression of CARs in Natural Killer (NK) cells (CAR-NK). Gene engineering NK cells to express an exogenous CAR receptor allows the innate anti-tumor ability of NK cells to be harnessed and directed against a target tumor antigen. In addition, the biology of NK cells allows the development of an allogeneic cell therapeutic product useable with most or all patient haplotypes. NK cells cause little or no graft versus host disease (GvHD) and are therefore suitable for development of an “off the shelf” therapeutic product. Initial trials have also shown that CAR-NK cells rarely cause cytokine release syndrome. However, despite their potential NK cells have proven to be difficult to engineer, with high sensitivity to apoptosis and low levels of gene expression. The creation of optimized methods to introduce genes into NK cells will promote the widespread application of CAR-NK in research laboratories and the clinics.

Challenges and optimization of CAR-T cell therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Luo ◽  
Hongchang Zhang ◽  
Linnan Zhu ◽  
Qumiao Xu ◽  
Qianqian Gao
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T
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