scholarly journals Adherence to oral amoxicillin dispersible tablets in children with community-acquired pneumonia enrolled in clinical trials in Malawi

Pneumonia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Sarah Ginsburg ◽  
Susanne May
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Oral Amoxicillin ◽  
Dispersible Tablets

scholarly journals Why participation in an international clinical trial platform matters during a pandemic? Launching REMAP-CAP in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kamata ◽  
Kazuaki Jindai ◽  
Nao Ichihara ◽  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Hideaki Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
International Clinical Trial

AbstractREMAP-CAP, a randomized, embedded, multifactorial adaptive platform trial for community-acquired pneumonia, is an international clinical trial that is rapidly expanding its scope and scale in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Japan is now joining REMAP-CAP with endorsement from Japanese academic societies. Commitment to REMAP-CAP can significantly contribute to population health through timely identification of optimal COVID-19 therapeutics. Additionally, it will promote the establishment of a national and global network of clinical trials to tackle future pandemics of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, in collaboration with multiple stakeholders, including front-line healthcare workers, governmental agencies, regulatory authorities, and academic societies.

scholarly journals PCV13 Vaccination of Adults against Pneumococcal Disease: What We Have Learned from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Christian Theilacker ◽  
Mark A. Fletcher ◽  
Luis Jodar ◽  
Bradford D. Gessner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Full Body

The Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) evaluated older adult pneumococcal vaccination and was one of the largest vaccine clinical trials ever conducted. Among older adults aged ≥65 years, the trial established 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) efficacy in preventing first episodes of bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumococcal vaccine serotype (VT) community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and of vaccine serotype invasive pneumococcal disease (VT-IPD). Since the publication of the original trial results, 15 additional publications have extended the analyses. In this review, we summarize and integrate the full body of evidence generated by these studies, contextualize the results in light of their public health relevance, and discuss their implications for the assessment of current and future adult pneumococcal vaccination. This accumulating evidence has helped to better understand PCV13 efficacy, serotype-specific efficacy, efficacy in subgroups, the interpretation of immunogenicity data, and the public health value of adult PCV vaccination.

Acute Pneumonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I Hogan ◽  
Benjamin Davis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Key Words Pneumonia ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Acute pneumonia continues to represent a major source of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure in the U.S. It is imperative that clinicians at all levels of training have a firm understanding of this potentially deadly infection and its numerous complications. The current state of our diagnostic capabilities often dictates that clinicians will need to make important therapeutic decisions in patients presenting with acute pneumonia before identifying a culprit pathogen. Only after understanding the pathogenesis of pneumonia under different clinical circumstances can one devise rational empiric therapeutic regimens. In this practical review we offer a succinct description of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of acute pneumonia. We then proceed to discuss the evaluation and management of patients presenting with acute pneumonia with emphasis on the most valuable clinical trials and major guidelines that we use to inform our clinical decisions. Despite significant advances in the field of infectious disease over the past century, clinicians continue to recognize pneumonia, the infection of the pulmonary parenchyma, as a major source of morbidity and mortality. In this article we attempt to provide the general practitioner with a practical review of acute pneumonia and its complications. Prioritizing the needs of the general practitioner, we most thoroughly address community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Though we do not intend for this review to be completely comprehensive, in this article we also briefly discuss healthcare associated pneumonia (HCAP), hospital associated pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Focusing much of our attention on the most important clinical trials and guidelines underpinning the diagnosis and management of this common problem, we hope that this publication will serve as a useful review to aid in clinical decision making. This review contains 45 references, 1 figure and 5 tables. Key Words: Pneumonia, viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP, healthcare-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia

Acute Pneumonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I Hogan ◽  
Benjamin Davis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Key Words Pneumonia ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Acute pneumonia continues to represent a major source of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure in the U.S. It is imperative that clinicians at all levels of training have a firm understanding of this potentially deadly infection and its numerous complications. The current state of our diagnostic capabilities often dictates that clinicians will need to make important therapeutic decisions in patients presenting with acute pneumonia before identifying a culprit pathogen. Only after understanding the pathogenesis of pneumonia under different clinical circumstances can one devise rational empiric therapeutic regimens. In this practical review we offer a succinct description of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of acute pneumonia. We then proceed to discuss the evaluation and management of patients presenting with acute pneumonia with emphasis on the most valuable clinical trials and major guidelines that we use to inform our clinical decisions. Despite significant advances in the field of infectious disease over the past century, clinicians continue to recognize pneumonia, the infection of the pulmonary parenchyma, as a major source of morbidity and mortality. In this article we attempt to provide the general practitioner with a practical review of acute pneumonia and its complications. Prioritizing the needs of the general practitioner, we most thoroughly address community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Though we do not intend for this review to be completely comprehensive, in this article we also briefly discuss healthcare associated pneumonia (HCAP), hospital associated pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Focusing much of our attention on the most important clinical trials and guidelines underpinning the diagnosis and management of this common problem, we hope that this publication will serve as a useful review to aid in clinical decision making. This review contains 64 references, 1 figure and 4 tables. Key Words: Pneumonia, viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP, healthcare-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia

scholarly journals Double-Blind, Randomized Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Pharmacokinetically Enhanced Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (2,000/125 Milligrams) versus Those of Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (875/125 Milligrams), Both Given Twice Daily for 7 Days, in Treatment of Bacterial Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3323-3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. File ◽  
H. Lode ◽  
H. Kurz ◽  
R. Kozak ◽  
H. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Difference ◽  
Oral Amoxicillin ◽  
Protocol Population ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Treat Population

ABSTRACT This randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial was designed to demonstrate that pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate (2,000/125 mg) was at least as effective clinically as amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg, both given twice daily for 7 days, in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. In total, 633 clinically and radiologically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia patients (intent-to-treat population) were randomized to receive either oral amoxicillin-clavulanate 2,000/125 mg (n = 322) or oral amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg (n = 311). At screening, 160 of 633 (25.3%) patients had at least one typical pathogen isolated from expectorated or invasive sputum samples or blood culture (bacteriology intent-to-treat population). Streptococcus pneumoniae (58 of 160, 36.3%), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (34 of 160, 21.3%), and Haemophilus influenzae (33 of 160, 20.6%) were the most common typical causative pathogens isolated in both groups in the bacteriology intent-to-treat population. Clinical success in the clinical per protocol population at test of cure (days 16 to 37), the primary efficacy endpoint, was 90.3% (223 of 247) for amoxicillin-clavulanate 2,000/125 mg and 87.6% (198 of 226) for amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg (treatment difference, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, −3.0, 8.3). Bacteriological success at test of cure in the bacteriology per protocol population was 86.6% (58 of 67) for amoxicillin-clavulanate 2,000/125 mg and 78.4% (40 of 51) for amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg (treatment difference, 8.1%; 95% confidence interval, −5.8, 22.1). Both therapies were well tolerated. Amoxicillin-clavulanate 2,000/125 mg twice daily was shown to be as clinically effective as amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 mg twice daily for 7 days in the treatment of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia, without a noted increase in the reported rate of adverse events.

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