scholarly journals Optimal load frequency control through combined state and control gain estimation for noisy measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju G. Pillai ◽  
Elizabeth Rita Samuel ◽  
A. Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Feedback Stabilization ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Optimal Load

AbstractCombined estimation of state and feed-back gain for optimal load frequency control is proposed. Load frequency control (LFC) addresses the problem of controlling system frequency in response to disturbance, and is one of main research areas in power system operation. A well acknowledged solution to this problem is feedback stabilization, where the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) based controller computes the feedback gain K from the known system parameters and implements the control, assuming the availability of all the state variables. However, this approach restricts control to cases where the state variables are readily available and the system parameters are steady. Alternatively, by estimating the states continuously from available measurements of some of the states, it can accommodate dynamic changes in the system parameters. The paper proposes the technique of augmenting the state variables with controller gains. This introduces a non-linearity to the augmented system and thereby the estimation is performed using an Extended Kalman Filter. This results in producing controller gains that are capable of controlling the system in response to changes in load demand, system parameter variation and measurement noise.

Game theoretic-based optimal load frequency control of power systems with network-induced delays

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Mingjin Yang ◽  
Yu-Long Wang ◽  
Deliang Zeng ◽  
Tengfei Zhang ◽  
Jicai Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Optimal Control Problem ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Game Theoretic

This paper presents a game theoretic-based load frequency control (LFC) scheme for power systems with network-induced delays. First, a dynamic model of two-area LFC systems is developed under consideration of bounded network-induced delays. Second, the optimal control problem of power systems with network-induced delays is formulated as a stochastic linear quadratic game. Then, by using differential games and Lyapunov theories, the game theoretic-based optimal load frequency controllers are designed for the system under consideration, and an algorithm is presented to make the desired optimal LFC gains solvable. Finally, a case study is carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Distributed optimal load frequency control considering nonsmooth cost functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 104607
Author(s):  
Zhaojian Wang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Changhong Zhao ◽  
Zhiyuan Ma ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Optimal Load

scholarly journals Passivity-Based Design of Sliding Modes for Optimal Load Frequency Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1893-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Trip ◽  
Michele Cucuzzella ◽  
Claudio De Persis ◽  
Arjan van der Schaft ◽  
Antonella Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Sliding Modes ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Optimal Load

scholarly journals Load frequency control of a hydro dominating interconnected power system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Milan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Random Load ◽  
Load Frequency

Energy is one of the vital figures that impact the development of civilization in the 21st century. It has been projected that by the year 2050, global energy needs will be satisfied by renewable sources. Among these renewable energy resources hydropower is available worldwide with relatively cheaper accessibility for most of the communities. Nevertheless, hydropower's control architecture raises concern for the system operators in terms of preserving the Load Frequency Control (LFC) services due to the elongated response time of hydro turbines in catering for the varying load demands. The varying load demands are inevitable in the power system due to different clients’ energy consumption patterns at different times. This, therefore, places changing control framework requests as per the requirement of diverse clients. Hence, the research proposes and demonstrates the connection of the hydro-hydro framework through the AC tie- line for LFC. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is a plan for hydro overseeing framework in discrete mode. The application derived is displayed through closed- loop feedback gains and closed-loop eigenvalues. In the expansion model, the positive effect of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Redox Flow Battery (RFB) in LFC studies is investigated. This proposition moreover shows the joint endeavors of Fuzzy Logic (FL) as well as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), with control gains well-calculated, through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) result into a robust FL-PSO-PID for LFC of the connected hydro framework. The different errors are defined to assess the yield as well as the execution of the FL-PSO-PID. The yield appears through a decline in blunder values as well as minimization in framework responses from accurate estimation for the LFC under various working conditions such as non- linearity, random load alteration, and parametric move as a result of a precise estimate. In the expansion, the effect of energy storage devices is also investigated to understand the enhancement provided frequency control of the hydro system, and the result obtained shows their effectiveness. Finally, the outcomes and future extent of this investigation work have been presented.

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