Estimated intracranial volume from FreeSurfer is biased by total brain volume

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia (DD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantial negative influence on the individual’s academic achievement and career. Research on its neuroanatomical origins has continued for half a century, yielding, however, inconsistent results, lowered total brain volume being the most consistent finding. We set out to evaluate the grey matter (GM) volume and cortical abnormalities in adult dyslexic individuals, employing a combination of whole-brain voxel- and surface-based morphometry following current recommendations on analysis approaches, coupled with rigorous neuropsychological testing. Whilst controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and performance IQ, we found both decreased GM volume and cortical thickness in the left insula in participants with DD. Moreover, they had decreased GM volume in left superior temporal gyrus, putamen, globus pallidus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Higher GM volumes and cortical thickness in these areas correlated with better reading and phonological skills, deficits of which are pivotal to DD. Crucially, total brain volume did not influence our results, since it did not differ between the groups. Our findings demonstrating abnormalities in brain areas in individuals with DD, which previously were associated with phonological processing, are compatible with the leading hypotheses on the neurocognitive origins of DD.

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Reading-Skill Associated Grey Matter Abnormalities in Dyslexia: Voxel- and Surface-Based Whole-Brain Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-147329/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Teija Kujala ◽

Aleksi Sihvonen ◽

Anja Thiede ◽

Peter Palo-Oja ◽

Paula Virtala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Consistent Finding ◽

Total Brain

Abstract Developmental dyslexia (DD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantial negative influence on the individual’s academic achievement and career. Research on its neuroanatomical origins has continued for half a century, yielding, however, inconsistent results, lowered total brain volume being the most consistent finding. We set out to evaluate the grey matter (GM) volume and cortical abnormalities in adult dyslexic individuals, employing a combination of whole-brain voxel- and surface-based morphometry following current recommendations on analysis approaches, coupled with rigorous neuropsychological testing. Whilst controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and performance IQ, we found both decreased GM volume and cortical thickness in the left insula in participants with DD. Moreover, they had decreased GM volume in left superior temporal gyrus, putamen, globus pallidus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Higher GM volumes and cortical thickness in these areas correlated with better reading and phonological skills, deficits of which are pivotal to DD. Crucially, total brain volume did not influence our results, since it did not differ between the groups. Our findings demonstrating abnormalities in brain areas in individuals with DD, which previously were associated with phonological processing, are compatible with the leading hypotheses on the neurocognitive origins of DD.

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VP24.08: Total brain volume and intracranial volume assessed by magnetic resonance in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with normal fetoplacental Doppler

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.24395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (S1) ◽

pp. 202-202

Author(s):

A. Nakaki ◽

F. Crovetto ◽

A. Urru ◽

G. Piella ◽

M. González Ballester ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Total Brain

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Smaller total brain volume but not subcortical structure volume related to common genetic risk for ADHD

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719004148 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael A. Mooney ◽

Priya Bhatt ◽

Robert J. M. Hermosillo ◽

Peter Ryabinin ◽

Molly Nikolas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Risk ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Process Models ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Subcortical Structures ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Polygenic Score ◽

Total Brain ◽

Polygenic Scores

Abstract Background Mechanistic endophenotypes can inform process models of psychopathology and aid interpretation of genetic risk factors. Smaller total brain and subcortical volumes are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provide clues to its development. This study evaluates whether common genetic risk for ADHD is associated with total brain volume (TBV) and hypothesized subcortical structures in children. Methods Children 7–15 years old were recruited for a case–control study (N = 312, N = 199 ADHD). Children were assessed with a multi-informant, best-estimate diagnostic procedure and motion-corrected MRI measured brain volumes. Polygenic scores were computed based on discovery data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (N = 19 099 ADHD, N = 34 194 controls) and the ENIGMA + CHARGE consortium (N = 26 577). Results ADHD was associated with smaller TBV, and altered volumes of caudate, cerebellum, putamen, and thalamus after adjustment for TBV; however, effects were larger and statistically reliable only in boys. TBV was associated with an ADHD polygenic score [β = −0.147 (−0.27 to −0.03)], and mediated a small proportion of the effect of polygenic risk on ADHD diagnosis (average ACME = 0.0087, p = 0.012). This finding was stronger in boys (average ACME = 0.019, p = 0.008). In addition, we confirm genetic variation associated with whole brain volume, via an intracranial volume polygenic score. Conclusion Common genetic risk for ADHD is not expressed primarily as developmental alterations in subcortical brain volumes, but appears to alter brain development in other ways, as evidenced by TBV differences. This is among the first demonstrations of this effect using molecular genetic data. Potential sex differences in these effects warrant further examination.

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Pyruvate to Lactate Metabolic Changes during Neurodevelopment Measured Dynamically Using Hyperpolarized 13C Imaging in Juvenile Murine Brain

Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1159/000439271 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yiran Chen ◽

Hosung Kim ◽

Robert Bok ◽

Subramaniam Sukumar ◽

Xin Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Hyperpolarized 13C ◽

Total Brain

Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging has recently been used to dynamically image metabolism in vivo. This technique provides the capability to investigate metabolic changes in mouse brain development over multiple time points. In this study, we used 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and hyperpolarized 13C-1-labeled pyruvate to analyze its conversion into lactate. We also applied T2-weighted anatomical imaging to examine brain volume changes starting from postnatal day 18 (P18). We combined these results with body weight measurements for a comprehensive interpretation of mouse brain maturation. Both the produced lactate level and pyruvate to lactate conversion rate decreased with increasing age in a linear manner. Total brain volume remained the same after P18, even though body weight continued to grow exponentially. Our results have shown that the rate of metabolism of 13C-1 pyruvate to lactate in brain is high in the young mouse and decreases with age. The brain at P18 is still relatively immature and continues to develop even as the total brain volume remains the same.

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Cognition, structural brain changes and complicated grief. A population-based study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714002499 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1389-1399 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

H. C. Saavedra Pérez ◽

M. A. Ikram ◽

N. Direk ◽

H. G. Prigerson ◽

R. Freak-Poli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Population Based ◽

Word Fluency ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Total Brain ◽

Fluency Task ◽

Structural Brain

BackgroundSeveral psychosocial risk factors for complicated grief have been described. However, the association of complicated grief with cognitive and biological risk factors is unclear. The present study examined whether complicated grief and normal grief are related to cognitive performance or structural brain volumes in a large population-based study.MethodThe present research comprised cross-sectional analyses embedded in the Rotterdam Study. The study included 5501 non-demented persons. Participants were classified as experiencing no grief (n = 4731), normal grief (n = 615) or complicated grief (n = 155) as assessed with the Inventory of Complicated Grief. All persons underwent cognitive testing (Mini-Mental State Examination, Letter–Digit Substitution Test, Stroop Test, Word Fluency Task, word learning test – immediate and delayed recall), and magnetic resonance imaging to measure general brain parameters (white matter, gray matter), and white matter lesions. Total brain volume was defined as the sum of gray matter plus normal white matter and white matter lesion volume. Persons with depressive disorders were excluded and analyses were adjusted for depressive symptoms.ResultsCompared with no-grief participants, participants with complicated grief had lower scores for the Letter–Digit Substitution Test [Z-score −0.16 v. 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.36 to −0.04, p = 0.01] and Word Fluency Task (Z-score −0.15 v. 0.03, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.02, p = 0.02) and smaller total volumes of brain matter (933.53 ml v. 952.42 ml, 95% CI −37.6 to −0.10, p = 0.04).ConclusionsParticipants with complicated grief performed poorly in cognitive tests and had a smaller total brain volume. Although the effect sizes were small, these findings suggest that there may be a neurological correlate of complicated grief, but not of normal grief, in the general population.

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Atrial Fibrillation and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.118.024143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 783-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jeremy P. Berman ◽

Faye L. Norby ◽

Thomas Mosley ◽

Elsayed Z. Soliman ◽

Rebecca F. Gottesman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Brain ◽

Sectional Analysis

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dementia independent of clinical stroke. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In a community-based cohort, the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), we evaluated (1) the longitudinal association of incident AF and (2) the cross-sectional association of prevalent AF with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Methods— The longitudinal analysis included 963 participants (mean age, 73±4.4 years; 62% women; 51% black) without prevalent stroke or AF who underwent a brain MRI in 1993 to 1995 and a second MRI in 2004 to 2006 (mean, 10.6±0.8 years). Outcomes included subclinical cerebral infarctions, sulcal size, ventricular size, and, for the cross-sectional analysis, white matter hyperintensity volume and total brain volume. Results— In the longitudinal analysis, 29 (3.0%) participants developed AF after the first brain MRI. Those who developed AF had higher odds of increase in subclinical cerebral infarctions (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% CI, 1.39–6.83), worsening sulcal grade (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.04–12.2), and worsening ventricular grade (OR, 9.34; 95% CI, 1.24–70.2). In cross-sectional analysis, of 969 participants, 35 (3.6%) had prevalent AF at the time of the 2004 to 2006 MRI scan. Those with AF had greater odds of higher sulcal (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7–9.1) and ventricular grade (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0–5.7) after multivariable adjustment and no difference in white matter hyperintensity or total brain volume. Conclusions— AF is independently associated with increase in subclinical cerebral infarction and worsening sulcal and ventricular grade—morphological changes associated with aging and dementia. More research is needed to define the mechanisms underlying AF-related neurodegeneration.

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Reduced parenchymal cerebral blood flow is associated with greater progression of brain atrophy: The SMART-MR study

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x20948614 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0271678X2094861

Author(s):

Rashid Ghaznawi ◽

Maarten HT Zwartbol ◽

Nicolaas PA Zuithoff ◽

Jeroen de Bresser ◽

Jeroen Hendrikse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Brain Parenchymal ◽

Mr Study

Global cerebral hypoperfusion may be involved in the aetiology of brain atrophy; however, long-term longitudinal studies on this relationship are lacking. We examined whether reduced cerebral blood flow was associated with greater progression of brain atrophy. Data of 1165 patients (61 ± 10 years) from the SMART-MR study, a prospective cohort study of patients with arterial disease, were used of whom 689 participated after 4 years and 297 again after 12 years. Attrition was substantial. Total brain volume and total cerebral blood flow were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans and expressed as brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and parenchymal cerebral blood flow (pCBF). Mean decrease in BPF per year was 0.22% total intracranial volume (95% CI: –0.23 to –0.21). Mean decrease in pCBF per year was 0.24 ml/min per 100 ml brain volume (95% CI: –0.29 to –0.20). Using linear mixed models, lower pCBF at baseline was associated with a greater decrease in BPF over time ( p = 0.01). Lower baseline BPF, however, was not associated with a greater decrease in pCBF ( p = 0.43). These findings indicate that reduced cerebral blood flow is associated with greater progression of brain atrophy and provide further support for a role of cerebral blood flow in the process of neurodegeneration.

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