VP24.08: Total brain volume and intracranial volume assessed by magnetic resonance in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with normal fetoplacental Doppler

Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging has recently been used to dynamically image metabolism in vivo. This technique provides the capability to investigate metabolic changes in mouse brain development over multiple time points. In this study, we used 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and hyperpolarized 13C-1-labeled pyruvate to analyze its conversion into lactate. We also applied T2-weighted anatomical imaging to examine brain volume changes starting from postnatal day 18 (P18). We combined these results with body weight measurements for a comprehensive interpretation of mouse brain maturation. Both the produced lactate level and pyruvate to lactate conversion rate decreased with increasing age in a linear manner. Total brain volume remained the same after P18, even though body weight continued to grow exponentially. Our results have shown that the rate of metabolism of 13C-1 pyruvate to lactate in brain is high in the young mouse and decreases with age. The brain at P18 is still relatively immature and continues to develop even as the total brain volume remains the same.

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Voxel and surface based whole brain analysis shows reading skill associated grey matter abnormalities in dyslexia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89317-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teija Kujala ◽

Aleksi J. Sihvonen ◽

Anja Thiede ◽

Peter Palo-oja ◽

Paula Virtala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Consistent Finding ◽

Total Brain

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia (DD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantial negative influence on the individual’s academic achievement and career. Research on its neuroanatomical origins has continued for half a century, yielding, however, inconsistent results, lowered total brain volume being the most consistent finding. We set out to evaluate the grey matter (GM) volume and cortical abnormalities in adult dyslexic individuals, employing a combination of whole-brain voxel- and surface-based morphometry following current recommendations on analysis approaches, coupled with rigorous neuropsychological testing. Whilst controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and performance IQ, we found both decreased GM volume and cortical thickness in the left insula in participants with DD. Moreover, they had decreased GM volume in left superior temporal gyrus, putamen, globus pallidus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Higher GM volumes and cortical thickness in these areas correlated with better reading and phonological skills, deficits of which are pivotal to DD. Crucially, total brain volume did not influence our results, since it did not differ between the groups. Our findings demonstrating abnormalities in brain areas in individuals with DD, which previously were associated with phonological processing, are compatible with the leading hypotheses on the neurocognitive origins of DD.

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Reading-Skill Associated Grey Matter Abnormalities in Dyslexia: Voxel- and Surface-Based Whole-Brain Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-147329/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Teija Kujala ◽

Aleksi Sihvonen ◽

Anja Thiede ◽

Peter Palo-Oja ◽

Paula Virtala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Thickness ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Consistent Finding ◽

Total Brain

Abstract Developmental dyslexia (DD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantial negative influence on the individual’s academic achievement and career. Research on its neuroanatomical origins has continued for half a century, yielding, however, inconsistent results, lowered total brain volume being the most consistent finding. We set out to evaluate the grey matter (GM) volume and cortical abnormalities in adult dyslexic individuals, employing a combination of whole-brain voxel- and surface-based morphometry following current recommendations on analysis approaches, coupled with rigorous neuropsychological testing. Whilst controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and performance IQ, we found both decreased GM volume and cortical thickness in the left insula in participants with DD. Moreover, they had decreased GM volume in left superior temporal gyrus, putamen, globus pallidus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Higher GM volumes and cortical thickness in these areas correlated with better reading and phonological skills, deficits of which are pivotal to DD. Crucially, total brain volume did not influence our results, since it did not differ between the groups. Our findings demonstrating abnormalities in brain areas in individuals with DD, which previously were associated with phonological processing, are compatible with the leading hypotheses on the neurocognitive origins of DD.

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Canine cognitive dysfunction patients have reduced total hippocampal volume compared with aging control dogs: A comparative magnetic resonance imaging study

Open Veterinary Journal ◽

10.4314/ovj.v10i4.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 438-442

Author(s):

Curtis Wells Dewey ◽

Mark Rishniw ◽

Philippa J. Johnson ◽

Simon Platt ◽

Kelsey Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

Hippocampal Atrophy ◽

Pathological Feature ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Total Brain

Background: Hippocampal atrophy is a key pathologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hippocampal atrophy has not been documented via MRI in canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), which is considered as the dog model of human AD.Aim: The purpose of this retrospective comparative volumetric MRI study was to compare total hippocampal volumes between successfully aging (control) dogs and dogs diagnosed with CCD.Methods: Mimics® software was used to derive total hippocampal volumes and total brain volumes from the MRI studies of 42 aging dogs (≥ 9 years): 16 dogs diagnosed with CCD and 26 successfully aging controls. Hippocampal volumes were normalized to total brain volume and these values were compared between groups using Mann–Whitney U tests.Results: Total hippocampal volume normalized to total brain volume was significantly less for CCD patients compared with control dogs (p = 0.04).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that – similar to human AD – hippocampal atrophy is a pathological feature of CCD. This finding has potential importance for both investigating disease mechanisms related to dementia as well as future hippocampal-targeted therapies.

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Magnetic resonance imaging study of corpus callosum abnormalities in patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v20i4.574 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Ebru Unlu ◽

Erman Bagcioglu ◽

Mehtap B Acay ◽

Emre Kacar ◽

Ozan Turamanlar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Motor Area ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Total Brain ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Reductions in the size of the corpus callosum (CC) have been described for schizophrenia patients, but little is known about the possible regional differences in schizophrenia subtypes (paranoid, disorganised, undifferentiated, residual). Methods. We recruited 58 chronically schizophrenic patients with different subtypes, and 31 age-and-gender matched healthy controls. The callosum was extracted from a midsagittal slice from T1 weighted magnetic resonance images, and areas of the total CC, its five subregions, CC length and total brain volume were compared between schizophrenia subtypes and controls. Five subregions were approximately matched to fibre pathways from cortical regions. Results. Schizophrenia patients had reduced CC total area and length when compared with controls. Disorganised and undifferentiated schizophrenics had a smaller prefrontal area, while there was no significant difference for the paranoid and residual groups. The premotor/supplementary motor area was smaller in all schizophrenia subtypes. The motor area was smaller only in the disorganised group. A smaller sensory area was found in all subtypes except the residual group. Parietal, temporal and occipital areas were smaller in the paranoid and undifferentiated groups. Total brain volume was smaller in all schizophrenia subtypes compared with controls, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. These findings suggest that the heterogeneity of symptoms may lead to the different CC morphological characteristics in schizophrenia subtypes.

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Decreased brain volumes in infants with prenatal opioid exposure

Proceedings of IMPRS ◽

10.18060/24581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Dietrich ◽

Zoe Guckien ◽

MaKayla Picklesimer ◽

Christina Sparks ◽

David Haas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Older Children ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Cerebellar Volume ◽

Total Brain ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mri Scans ◽

The Brain

Background/Objective: Previous small studies have shown that prenatal opioid-exposed (POE) infants and older children display decreased cerebral, cerebellar, or subcortical brain volumes. However, these studies are plagued by suboptimal reference standards or were unable to correct for the influence of other environmental factors in older children. Therefore, our goal was to study differences in brain volume of POE infants when compared to a geographically matched population. We hypothesized that there will be a significant decrease in total brain volume of the POE infants in comparison to the non-opioid exposed control infants, including a reduction in the cerebellar volume. Methods: This was an IRB approved prospective study of mothers and infants with POE and controls without POE. All recruited infants underwent MRI scans of the brain before they reached a corrected age of 2 months. The T1-weighted MRI images were analyzed by Infant FreeSurfer and segmented into ROIs. The segmentations were manually checked and edited. An ANOVA analysis was performed to compare the cerebellar and total brain volume datasets. We corrected for gender, corrected gestational age at MRI scan, and total brain volume where necessary. Results: 42 infants were included in the study, 21 with POE and 21 control infants. There was a significant difference in the mean gestational age of POE infants (38.28±2.13) compared to control infants (39.42±0.72). On quantitative analysis, the POE group had a significantly reduced total brain and supratentorial volume in comparison to the controls. The cerebellar volume was also significantly smaller in POE, but this significance did not persist when the total brain volume was included in the model. Conclusion: The supratentorial region is affected disproportionately more than the cerebellum in POE. Specific reductions in cortical, subcortical, and white matter volume need to be further investigated and their influence on developmental outcomes need to be studied.

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Estimated intracranial volume from FreeSurfer is biased by total brain volume

European Radiology Experimental ◽

10.1186/s41747-018-0055-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Niklas Klasson ◽

Erik Olsson ◽

Carl Eckerström ◽

Helge Malmgren ◽

Anders Wallin

Keyword(s):

Brain Volume ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Total Brain

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Smaller total brain volume but not subcortical structure volume related to common genetic risk for ADHD

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719004148 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael A. Mooney ◽

Priya Bhatt ◽

Robert J. M. Hermosillo ◽

Peter Ryabinin ◽

Molly Nikolas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Risk ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Process Models ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Subcortical Structures ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Polygenic Score ◽

Total Brain ◽

Polygenic Scores

Abstract Background Mechanistic endophenotypes can inform process models of psychopathology and aid interpretation of genetic risk factors. Smaller total brain and subcortical volumes are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provide clues to its development. This study evaluates whether common genetic risk for ADHD is associated with total brain volume (TBV) and hypothesized subcortical structures in children. Methods Children 7–15 years old were recruited for a case–control study (N = 312, N = 199 ADHD). Children were assessed with a multi-informant, best-estimate diagnostic procedure and motion-corrected MRI measured brain volumes. Polygenic scores were computed based on discovery data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (N = 19 099 ADHD, N = 34 194 controls) and the ENIGMA + CHARGE consortium (N = 26 577). Results ADHD was associated with smaller TBV, and altered volumes of caudate, cerebellum, putamen, and thalamus after adjustment for TBV; however, effects were larger and statistically reliable only in boys. TBV was associated with an ADHD polygenic score [β = −0.147 (−0.27 to −0.03)], and mediated a small proportion of the effect of polygenic risk on ADHD diagnosis (average ACME = 0.0087, p = 0.012). This finding was stronger in boys (average ACME = 0.019, p = 0.008). In addition, we confirm genetic variation associated with whole brain volume, via an intracranial volume polygenic score. Conclusion Common genetic risk for ADHD is not expressed primarily as developmental alterations in subcortical brain volumes, but appears to alter brain development in other ways, as evidenced by TBV differences. This is among the first demonstrations of this effect using molecular genetic data. Potential sex differences in these effects warrant further examination.

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Cognition, structural brain changes and complicated grief. A population-based study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714002499 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1389-1399 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

H. C. Saavedra Pérez ◽

M. A. Ikram ◽

N. Direk ◽

H. G. Prigerson ◽

R. Freak-Poli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Population Based ◽

Word Fluency ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Total Brain ◽

Fluency Task ◽

Structural Brain

BackgroundSeveral psychosocial risk factors for complicated grief have been described. However, the association of complicated grief with cognitive and biological risk factors is unclear. The present study examined whether complicated grief and normal grief are related to cognitive performance or structural brain volumes in a large population-based study.MethodThe present research comprised cross-sectional analyses embedded in the Rotterdam Study. The study included 5501 non-demented persons. Participants were classified as experiencing no grief (n = 4731), normal grief (n = 615) or complicated grief (n = 155) as assessed with the Inventory of Complicated Grief. All persons underwent cognitive testing (Mini-Mental State Examination, Letter–Digit Substitution Test, Stroop Test, Word Fluency Task, word learning test – immediate and delayed recall), and magnetic resonance imaging to measure general brain parameters (white matter, gray matter), and white matter lesions. Total brain volume was defined as the sum of gray matter plus normal white matter and white matter lesion volume. Persons with depressive disorders were excluded and analyses were adjusted for depressive symptoms.ResultsCompared with no-grief participants, participants with complicated grief had lower scores for the Letter–Digit Substitution Test [Z-score −0.16 v. 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.36 to −0.04, p = 0.01] and Word Fluency Task (Z-score −0.15 v. 0.03, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.02, p = 0.02) and smaller total volumes of brain matter (933.53 ml v. 952.42 ml, 95% CI −37.6 to −0.10, p = 0.04).ConclusionsParticipants with complicated grief performed poorly in cognitive tests and had a smaller total brain volume. Although the effect sizes were small, these findings suggest that there may be a neurological correlate of complicated grief, but not of normal grief, in the general population.

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Atrial Fibrillation and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.118.024143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 783-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jeremy P. Berman ◽

Faye L. Norby ◽

Thomas Mosley ◽

Elsayed Z. Soliman ◽

Rebecca F. Gottesman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Brain ◽

Sectional Analysis

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dementia independent of clinical stroke. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In a community-based cohort, the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), we evaluated (1) the longitudinal association of incident AF and (2) the cross-sectional association of prevalent AF with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Methods— The longitudinal analysis included 963 participants (mean age, 73±4.4 years; 62% women; 51% black) without prevalent stroke or AF who underwent a brain MRI in 1993 to 1995 and a second MRI in 2004 to 2006 (mean, 10.6±0.8 years). Outcomes included subclinical cerebral infarctions, sulcal size, ventricular size, and, for the cross-sectional analysis, white matter hyperintensity volume and total brain volume. Results— In the longitudinal analysis, 29 (3.0%) participants developed AF after the first brain MRI. Those who developed AF had higher odds of increase in subclinical cerebral infarctions (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% CI, 1.39–6.83), worsening sulcal grade (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.04–12.2), and worsening ventricular grade (OR, 9.34; 95% CI, 1.24–70.2). In cross-sectional analysis, of 969 participants, 35 (3.6%) had prevalent AF at the time of the 2004 to 2006 MRI scan. Those with AF had greater odds of higher sulcal (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7–9.1) and ventricular grade (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0–5.7) after multivariable adjustment and no difference in white matter hyperintensity or total brain volume. Conclusions— AF is independently associated with increase in subclinical cerebral infarction and worsening sulcal and ventricular grade—morphological changes associated with aging and dementia. More research is needed to define the mechanisms underlying AF-related neurodegeneration.

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