scholarly journals Biological control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) by Entomopathogenic fungi and their side effects on natural enemies

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Corallo ◽  
Evelin Pechi ◽  
Lina Bettucci ◽  
Susana Tiscornia
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease

Abstract Background The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is an insect pest species responsible for damages of citrus fruit quality and tree health. This insect is a vector of bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp. a putative causal agent of citrus greening disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB), considered one of the most destructive diseases of citrus orchards worldwide. Disease management is mainly based on vector control using pesticides which can affect natural enemies that play an important role in pest control. The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (2067 and 2121) and Metarhizium anisopliae (2411) were achieved by applying a suspension of 1 × 107 spores against D. citri nymphs and artificially infected the citrus seedlings under controlled and semi-field conditions. Also, the activity of these EPFs on the coccinellid and lacewing predators was evaluated. The effects of the main chemicals used in citrus plantations on the selected fungi for possible combined use was also investigated. Results The obtained results showed that under controlled conditions, the percentage of insect mortality produced by EPF varied between 82.8 and 85.9%. Under semi-field conditions, the infection and mortality of D. citri caused by the M. anisopliae 2411 strain was significantly higher than that of B. bassiana 2067, 78.9 and 51%, respectively. Non-significant effect of EPF on the natural enemies of D. citri was observed, suggesting that EPF and predators had compatible effects. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrated that EPF were able to kill D. citri and can be explored as a promissory biocontrol candidate. Simultaneous use in an integrated pest management program could be possible by applying EPF combined with pesticides.

New Traps Cut Off Citrus Greening Pests from Hiding Places

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 240-240
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Greening Disease ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Bitter Fruit ◽  
Production Losses

Adult Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, carries the bacterium thought to be the causal agent of Huanglongbing in its salivary glands. As it feeds on citrus leaves, the psyllid transmits the bacterium to the tree. The result is yellowed leaves, bitter fruit, and eventual tree death. Researchers across the nation are struggling to end the scourge of citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing. The disease renders citrus fruit inedible and eventually kills entire orchards. In Florida alone, from 2012?2016 the disease caused production losses of $4.4 billion and eliminated about 7,900 jobs.

scholarly journals Temporal Rhythm Affects the Efficiency of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) to Acquire Huanglongbing Pathogen

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1956
Author(s):  
Yan-Jun Guo ◽  
Yi-Han Li ◽  
Zheng-Qin Su ◽  
Pei-Ping Xu ◽  
Bao-Li Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Temporal Rhythm

Huanglongbing, commonly known as citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus worldwide. Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus is the putative cause of citrus greening disease in China and is spread through the process of plant grafting and feeding by insect vectors. Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is a destructive pest due to insecticide resistance development and the main cause of dissemination of Huanglongbing. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Huanglongbing present in Guangdong province and the acquisition of the pathogen by D. citri through feeding. Six different city areas of Guangdong province were sampled. The results demonstrated that Yunfu currently has the highest infestation rate of CLas in Guangdong province, followed by Chaozhou, Jiangmen, and Foshan. In comparison, Zhongshan and Maoming have the lowest infestation rates. Results also showed that CLas acquisition was directly proportional to the insect feeding duration. The longer an insect fed on an infested plant, the more CLas it acquired. The acquisition efficiency of the pathogen was higher at night compared to during the daytime. During the time period of 15:00–07:00 D. citri acquires more pathogens than during the period of 07:00–15:00. This study provides a basic understanding of the feeding pattern of D. citri, which aids in devising a management program for effective control of direct and indirect losses caused by D. citri.

scholarly journals Insect fauna of pests and their natural enemies inhabiting sorghum-panicles in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Cryptoblabes Gnidiella ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Major Pest

AbstractSorghum panicles offer a very rich microenvironment for many insect pest species and their natural enemies. Thirty arthropod species belonging to 28 families, pertaining to 9 orders were obtained from sorghum panicles planted in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, during the 3 successive seasons of 2016–2018. Out of these species were 14 pests, 16 predators, and 3 parasitoids. Lepidopteran and hemipteran pests were the most dominant species-infested sorghum-panicles during the mature stages of the panicles. Three microlepidopteran pests, the noctuid, Eublemma (Autoba) gayneri (Roth.); the pyralid, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Millière, and the cosmopterigid, Pyroderces simplex Walsingham, were recorded as major pest species infesting sorghum panicles in Sohag Governorate. The dipteran parasitoid species, Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) (Tachinidae) emerged from the pupae of the E. gayneri and C. gnidiella, while the hymenopteran parasitoid, Brachymeria aegyptiaca (Chalcididae) was obtained from the pupae of all the studied microlepidopteran pests. Spiders, coccinellids, and Orius spp. were the dominant predators collected form panicles. Post-harvest, larvae, and pupae of lepidopteran pests, especially P. simplex recorded (147, 96, and 79 larvae) and (47, 30, and 73 pupae)/10 panicles in 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Asian citrus psyllid adults inoculate huanglongbing bacterium more efficiently than nymphs when this bacterium is acquired by early instar nymphs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Desouky Ammar ◽  
Justin George ◽  
Kasie Sturgeon ◽  
Lukasz L. Stelinski ◽  
Robert G. Shatters
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Greening Disease

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) transmits the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), which causes huanglongbing (citrus greening) disease, in a circulative-propagative manner. We compared CLas inoculation efficiency of D. citri nymphs and adults into healthy (uninfected) citron leaves when both vector stages were reared from eggs on infected plants. The proportion of CLas-positive leaves was 2.5% for nymphs and 36.3% for adults. CLas acquisition by early instar nymphs followed by dissections of adults and 4th instar nymphs revealed that CLas bacterium had moved into the head-thorax section (containing the salivary glands) in 26.7–30.0% of nymphs and 37–45% of adults. Mean Ct values in these sections were 31.6–32.9 and 26.8–27.0 for nymphs and adults, respectively. Therefore, CLas incidence and titer were higher in the head-thorax of adults than in nymphs. Our results suggest that following acquisition of CLas by early instar D. citri nymphs, emerging adults inoculate the bacteria into citrus more efficiently than nymphs because adults are afforded a longer latent period necessary for multiplication and/or translocation of CLas into the salivary glands of the vector. We propose that CLas uses D. citri nymphs mainly for pathogen acquisition and multiplication, and their adults mainly for pathogen inoculation and spread.

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