Laboratory and field evaluation of certain wild plant extracts against Aphis fabae Scop. (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predators

Edible wild plants were investigated as potential sources of antioxidants and prebiotics to benefit human health. Antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid and total dietary fibre contents were determined in edible wild plants from Lesotho, Swaziland and South Africa. Pure probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis (ATCC 25527), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (TUTBFD) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 314) were cultured in broth containing edible wild plant extracts to assess their prebiotic activity. Cyperus esculantus had the highest arscobic acid content of 603±64.1 mg/100 g edible dry plant material followed by Rosa rubiginosa (500.8±48.8 mg/100 g). The two plants had IC50 of 10.7±0.2 µg/mL and 47.8±0.2 µg/mL for DPPH inhibition, respectively. Forty percent (40%) (n=30) of the edible wild plants had significant (p<0.01) total antioxidant activity (IC50<60 µg/mL) and high ascorbic acid content (>200 mg/100 g). Nasturtium officinale reported the highest yield for soluble fibre (25%) while Hypoxis hirsute had the highest total dietary fibre content (7.3%). Rorippa nudiuscula enhanced the growth of B. animalis significantly (p=0.001), 8-fold more than inulin. Chenopodium album and Urtica dioica stimulated the growth of L. rhamnosus significantly (p=0.0001) than inulin, respectfully, while Tragopogon porrifolius significantly (p=0.0001) stimulated the growth of L. acidophilus than inulin. It was concluded that the investigated edible wild plants from southern Africa have antioxidant and prebiotic properties that may be beneficial to human health.

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Correlation between Antibacterial Activity and Free-Radical Scavenging: In-Vitro Evaluation of Polar/Non-Polar Extracts from 25 Plants

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8010117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mahmoud Rayan ◽

Baheer Abu-Farich ◽

Walid Basha ◽

Anwar Rayan ◽

Saleh Abu-Lafi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Free Radical ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Highly Active ◽

Depth Analysis

Objectives: The current study aimed to measure the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of 25 wild Palestinian edible plants, which were subjected to extraction by polar and non-polar solvents. Correlations between free radical scavenging activity and antibacterial activity of the extracts were assessed for both polar and non-polar fractions. Materials: Twenty-five wild edible plant species that are frequently consumed by people in Palestine (mainly in a rural area) were examined. Among them, 10 plant species were among those with the highest mean cultural importance values, according to an ethnobotanical survey that was conducted in the West Bank, Palestine, a few years ago. Method: The protocol of the DPPH assay for testing free-radical scavenging was utilized for determining EC50 values, while microdilution tests were conducted to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extracts for the microorganism Staphylococcus mutans. Results and Discussion: Eight extracts (non-polar fractions) were found to possess an antibacterial IC50 of less than 20 ppm, such as Foeniculum vulgare, Salvia palaestinafruticose, Micromeria fruticose, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cichorium pumilum jacq, Salvia hierosolymitana boiss, Ruta chalepensis, and Chrysanthemum coronarium. The polar fractions possess higher antioxidant activity, while non-polar fraction possess higher antibacterial activity. Looking at all the results together can deceive and lead to the conclusion that there is no correlation between antibacterial activity against S. mutans and free radical scavenging (R2 equals 0.0538). However, in-depth analysis revealed that non-polar plant extracts with an EC50 of free radical scavenging ≤100 ppm have a four-fold order of enrichment toward more activity against S. mutans. These findings are of high importance for screening projects. A four-fold order of enrichment could save plenty of time and many in screening projects. The antibacterial active extracts marked by low-medium free radical scavenging might act through a mechanism of action other than that of highly active, free radical scavenging extracts. Conclusion: The screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity performed on 25 selected wild plant extracts revealed a satisfactory free radical scavenging and antimicrobial potential that could be of value in the management of oxidative stress. Further studies are recommended to explore novel and highly active natural antibacterial products.

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Field evaluation of water plant extracts on sucking insect pests and their associated predators in transgenic Bt cotton

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0142-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Arshad ◽

Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽

Naciye Sena Çağatay ◽

Asad Abdullah ◽

Fatma Dikmen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Transgenic Bt Cotton ◽

Water Plant

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Acaricidal activities of wild plant extracts against Luciaphorus perniciosus Rack (Acari: Pygmephoridae) and Formicomotes heteromorphus Magowski (Acari: Dolichocybidae)

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.13.3.5 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Insung ◽

J. Pumnuan ◽

A. Chandrapatya

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Wild Plant

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Field Evaluation of Native B. thuringiensis Isolates Against Aphids (Aphis fabae)

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v7i0.33854 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 115-122

Author(s):

Ganga GC ◽

Charu Arjyal

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Staining Technique ◽

Selection Method ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Preliminary Screening ◽

Before And After ◽

Phaseolus Species ◽

Mortality Percentage ◽

Aphicidal Activity

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aphicidal activity of native Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains. Methods: Soil samples of Provinces 2 and 3 of Nepal were collected randomly for isolation of Bt by acetate selection method. Bt were identified by observing insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) by Commassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining technique. Aphicidal activity of 12 B. thuringiensis isolates was evaluated by two processes. The preliminary screening was done by spraying the suspension containing the spore and ICPs mixture in Phaseolus species heavily infested with black aphids (Aphis fabae) in fi elds. The second process (selective bioassay) was done by counting the number of aphids (nymphs, instar, winged, wingless) before and after spraying 5ml of suspension containing the spore and ICPs mixture on the leaf or on the beans pods surface infested by Aphids. The mortality percentage of Aphids after treatment was calculated on the 4th day, by counting the live aphids and the result was recorded. Results: Preliminary screening for aphicidal activity revealed that 4 isolates ML5(1), CW1(1), SN2(1) and MP2(1) producing spherical crystal protein, showed 100% mortality against nymphs, instar, winged and wingless Aphids. Isolates were effective in controlling the Aphid (Aphis fabae) within 4 days and the part of the plant that was sprayed becomes free of Aphids. Selective bioassay of native isolate MP3(3) was most effective in killing 95.83% of aphids followed by CW2(1), 85.71%, ML5(1), 77.34%, SN3(1), 72.72%, CW1(1), 70.21%. Conclusion: This study revealed that indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis of Terai region of Nepal are effective in controlling Aphids.

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EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZATION AND SOME SINAI’S FLORA EXTRACTS ON THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BROAD BEAN

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed A. I. Mansour ◽

Darin M.R.El- Bolok ◽

Ahmed B. El- Mansy

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Stem Length ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Achillea Fragrantissima ◽

North Sinai

Broad bean plants (Vicia faba L.) were cultivated in two field experiments at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons under North Sinai condition, to study the effect of soil application of some biofertilizers and foliar spray with some wild plant extracts on broad bean plants. Biofertilizer treatments contained combination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) + Trichoderma harzianum + Rhizobium leguminosarum. Three wild plant extracts treatments; i.e., Qeysoom Gebeli (Achillea fragrantissima L.), Harmal (Peganum harmala L.) and Mitnaan (Thymelaea hirsute L.) were sprayed on plants. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in split plot system. The results indicated that biofertilizers had significant effected of all studied traits in both seasons. Foliar spraying of Thymelaea hirsute extract had the highest stimulation effects on spores count, root colonization, mycorrhizal status, and weight of non-active nodules, broad bean plant growth characters; i.e. stem length, number of branches per plant, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry weight as well as both of fresh and dry weight of roots. Both of Thymelaea hirsute and Achillea fragrantissima extracts combined with biofertilizer treatment had significant effects on yield and its components (pod length, number of pods per plant, average pod weight total yield per plant, and weight of seeds per pod) in both seasons. The combination between Thymelaea hirsute and biofertilizer was the superior interaction treatment of this study.

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