scholarly journals Special issue on the battle against complex virus world in the human brain: seizure as a result of viral infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijia Jiang ◽  
Jinmei Li ◽  
Dong Zhou ◽  
Jie Mu
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Virus World

scholarly journals TCR Bias and HLA Cross-Restriction Are Strategies of Human Brain-Infiltrating JC Virus-Specific CD4+T Cells during Viral Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 189 (7) ◽  
pp. 3618-3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Yousef ◽  
Raquel Planas ◽  
Karima Chakroun ◽  
Sabine Hoffmeister-Ullerich ◽  
Thomas M. C. Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Jc Virus

YURAGI Synthesis for Ultrasonic Human Brain Imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Yagi ◽  
◽  
Yoshitetsu Oshiro ◽  
Tomomoto Ishikawa ◽  
Yutaka Hata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Image Registration ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Image Synthesis ◽  
Special Issue

This paper proposes YURAGI synthesis for brain imaging under the skull. The advantage of the proposed method over conventional methods is that, using YURAGI synthesis, it is possible to obtain the effective results without image registration. Image registration is generally needed when more than two images are to be synthesized into one image. YURAGI synthesis does not need image registration; thus, its method is simpler than other methods that need image synthesis. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by comparing its error rate and accuracy with those of other methods. YURAGI leads the simple and energy-saving system with performing autoregulation. Autoregulation is utilized in many biological systems. In this study, YURAGI was applied to an ultrasound-based diagnostic medical imaging technique. The experimental results using YURAGI were superior to those using othermethods. Thus, YURAGI is useful for visualizing the human brain.11. This paper has been reviewed and accepted as a regular paper. The paper was invited and incorporated into the Special Issue on Advances in Fuzzy Inference and its Related Techniques.

scholarly journals microRNA-146a-5p, Neurotropic Viral Infection and Prion Disease (PrD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9198
Author(s):  
Aileen I. Pogue ◽  
Walter J. Lukiw
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Potential Biomarker

The human brain and central nervous system (CNS) harbor a select sub-group of potentially pathogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), including a well-characterized NF-kB-sensitive Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miRNA-146a-5p (miRNA-146a). miRNA-146a is significantly over-expressed in progressive and often lethal viral- and prion-mediated and related neurological syndromes associated with progressive inflammatory neurodegeneration. These include ~18 different viral-induced encephalopathies for which data are available, at least ~10 known prion diseases (PrD) of animals and humans, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other sporadic and progressive age-related neurological disorders. Despite the apparent lack of nucleic acids in prions, both DNA- and RNA-containing viruses along with prions significantly induce miRNA-146a in the infected host, but whether this represents part of the host’s adaptive immunity, innate-immune response or a mechanism to enable the invading prion or virus a successful infection is not well understood. Current findings suggest an early and highly interactive role for miRNA-146a: (i) as a major small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) regulator of innate-immune responses and inflammatory signaling in cells of the human brain and CNS; (ii) as a critical component of the complement system and immune-related neurological dysfunction; (iii) as an inducible sncRNA of the brain and CNS that lies at a critical intersection of several important neurobiological adaptive immune response processes with highly interactive associations involving complement factor H (CFH), Toll-like receptor pathways, the innate-immunity, cytokine production, apoptosis and neural cell decline; and (iv) as a potential biomarker for viral infection, TSE and AD and other neurological diseases in both animals and humans. In this report, we review the recent data supporting the idea that miRNA-146a may represent a novel and unique sncRNA-based biomarker for inflammatory neurodegeneration in multiple species. This paper further reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the nature and mechanism of miRNA-146a in viral and prion infection of the human brain and CNS with reference to AD wherever possible.

scholarly journals The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease: Emerging and Recurring Trends

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Méplan ◽  
David J. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, “The Role of Selenium in Health and Disease” covers diverse diseases in the 8 original research articles and 2 reviews, such as cardiovascular disorders (CVD), metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, and viral infection, and highlights novel potential biomarkers of disease risk and prognosis [...]

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

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