Autonomic response of gradient exercise testing protocol in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive individuals: a prospective, observational, and analytical study

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing day by day in young Indian population with increase in risk factors such as obesity, hypertension etc. Although in early age, these risk factors are clinically asymptomatic but physiologically they are symptomatic. These symptoms can be best assessed by assessing the response of autonomic nervous system Therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the autonomic response of gradient exercise testing protocol in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive subjects in the form of chronotropic response to exercise, inotropic reponse, heart rate recovery, blood pressure recovery, BRPE, and heart rate variability so that the physiological abnormalities can be corrected. Results There were significant differences (p < 0.05) found in gradient exercise testing protocol in diastolic blood pressure in normotensive, in heart rate variability in overweight and in both systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure in pre-hypertensive subjects. Conclusion Gradient exercise testing protocol can be best utilized as a clinical tool in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive subjects for the assessment of autonomic nervous system which provides diagnostic and prognostic information regarding cardiovascular disease or abnormalities.

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Classification of Individuals Based on Autonomic Response to Virtual Gaming

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.9082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 4385-4393

Author(s):

S. Chandana ◽

B. R. Purnima ◽

Prabhu Ravikala Vittal

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The Body ◽

Autonomic Response ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Non Invasive

Modern games consists of digital gaming consoles that involves interaction with a user and has an interface to generate visual feedback through 2D/3D monitor. These games have several psychological side effects like loss of spatial awareness, back pains, insomnia, addiction, aggression, stress, and hypertension. Virtual reality (VR) Gaming is one of the most emerging and novel technologies in the field of entertainment. Evaluation of this new technology has become important in order to analyze the effects of its predecessors (2D and 3D gaming). The main focus of this paper is on detection of stress levels in individuals due to VR gaming and classify them depending on their sympathetic and parasympathetic dominance. This is done through acquisition of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photo plethysmograph signals (PPG) signals and extracting their time domain and frequency domain features before, during and after gaming (Fatma Uysal and Mahmut Tokmakçi, 2018. Evaluation of stress parameters based on heart rate variability measurement. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. [email protected], [email protected]., da Silva1, A.G.C.B., Arauj, D.N., et al, 2018. Increase in perceived stress is correlated to lower heart rate variability in healthy young subjects. Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. s/n., 81531–980, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected].). The physiological signal variation is analyzed by performing Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis over ECG signals which is one of the fast emerging methods in non-invasive research and clinical tools for assessing autonomic nervous system function (Juan Sztajzel, 2004. Heart rate variability: Aa non-invasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system. Cardiology Center and Medical Policlinics, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland, SWISS MED WKLY 2004;134:514–522. www.smw.ch). Pulse-transmissiontime-variability (PTTV), which is extracted, has high coherence with heart rate variability and is also used as an objective measure of stress. In this paper we obtain the response of an individual during VR gaming and correlate them with the HRV/PTT parameters. The game chosen for the data acquisition was ‘VR city view rope crossing-360 android VR,’ during which data recording is done. It was found that there was a quantitative increase in physiological stress when individuals were exposed to virtual high heights in comparison with time relative to unaltered viewing. Mean Heart rate showed a significant increase during gaming for both boys and girls which indicates that the body is under the influence of a sympathetic activity like a physical exercise.

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19. Role of the autonomic nervous system in blood pressure and heart rate variability in conscious rats

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/00004872-199112000-00210 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. S429

Author(s):

C. Cerutti ◽

M. Lo ◽

Claude Julien ◽

Madelaine Vincent ◽

C. Paultre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Conscious Rats ◽

Autonomic Nervous

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Autonomic Nervous System Response to Epidural Analgesia in Laboring Patients by Wavelet Transform of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Variability

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200407000-00006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Alain Deschamps ◽

Ian Kaufman ◽

Steven B. Backman ◽

Gilles Plourde

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Wavelet Transform ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Autonomic Activity ◽

Neuraxial Blockade ◽

Frequency Power

Background Epidurals are effective in relieving labor pain but result in a sympathectomy that may compromise maternal hemodynamic stability and fetal perfusion. Decreases in blood pressure and heart rate can be corrected, but markers of autonomic activity would be useful to predict and prevent such changes. The goal of this study was to find markers describing the changes in autonomic nervous system activity with epidural anesthesia in laboring patients. Methods The authors analyzed heart rate variability and blood pressure variability in 13 laboring patients using wavelet transform, a time-frequency analysis that accommodates rapid changes in autonomic activity. Heart rate and blood pressure variability were obtained 5 min before and 10 min after injection of 20 ml bupivacaine, 0.125%, and 50 microg fentanyl in the epidural space. Results Blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by epidural analgesia. However, high-frequency power of heart rate variability increased after epidural (increase in parasympathetic drive). The ratio of low-frequency:high-frequency power of heart rate variability decreased. High- and low-frequency power of blood pressure variability decreased (decrease in sympathetic outflow). Conclusions Indices of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity after neuraxial blockade in laboring patients can be obtained by analysis of both heart rate variability and blood pressure variability. The analysis by wavelet transform can discern changes in autonomic activity when values of blood pressure and heart rate do not vary significantly. Whether this technique could be used to predict and prevent hemodynamic compromise after neuraxial blockade merits further studies.

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Comparison of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine versus Labetalol for Their Effectiveness in Suppression of Haemodynamic Response during Extubation

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20211137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 286-292

Author(s):

Parth M. Shah ◽

Divya Divya Kheskani

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Body Weight ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Tracheal Extubation ◽

Drug Injection ◽

Sympathoadrenal System ◽

Group D

Background: Tracheal extubation causes autonomic nervous system disturbances which causes tachycardia, hypertension which are harmful in susceptible patients.so we conducted a study between iv Dexmedetomidine and iv Labetalol to assess their effectiveness in decreasing haemodynamic disturbances during extubation. Materials and Methods:we included 100 participants of age of 18-55 yrs with ASA grading I & II and divided them into 2 groups. Group D was given injection Dexmedetomidine 0.6mcg/kg iv and Group L was given injection Labetalol 0.25mg/kg body weight. We recorded Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline, 2,5,8 minutes post drug injection, at extubation and 1,3,5,8,10 and 15 minutes after extubation. Results: Group D had better decreased heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the time of extubation, and also 15 minutes post extubation in comparison to Group L. Conclusion: Injection Dexmedetomidine 0.6µg/kg has showed a better attenuating effect on sympathoadrenal system during extubation than injection Labetalol 0.25mg/kg Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, labetalol, extubation,hemodynamics.

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Influence of vertebral manipulations on the autonomic nervous system

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2021-3-106-120 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106-120

Author(s):

J. M. Sebastian Rausell ◽

A. B. Martinez Garcia ◽

A. S. Jaume Llinas ◽

I. Escobio Prieto

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Spinal Manipulation ◽

Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Autonomic Nervous

Introduction. Although its neurophysiological effects have not been fully elucidated, current evidence suggests the clinical effectiveness of spinal manipulation. Different studies suggest that manual therapy induces changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Recent studies showed that mobilization produced a sympatheticexcitatory effect. However, studies using thrust manipulation appeared to be less consistent in their results.Objectives. The main objective of this review was to evaluate whether spinal manipulation induces effects on the ANS. Another objective was to correlate the changes in the measured variables with the activation or inhibition of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system and with the level of spinal manipulation.Materials and methods. We performed a literature search in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL and OVID, using the keywords «Manipulation, spinal» and «Autonomic Nervous System». The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality.Results. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Six trials measured cardiovascular function indicators (blood pressure, heart rate, Heart Rate Variability). Three other trials measured the pupil reaction. In most studies, cervical or upper thoracic region was manipulated.Conclusions. Our review does not provide definitive evidence of the effects of spinal manipulation on the ANS. However, most studies observed the existence of autonomic effects by modifying parameters such as blood pressure or Heart Rate Variability after manipulation. Increased parasympathetic activation probably occurs after cervical and lumbar treatment and increased sympathetic activation after dorsal treatment.

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