Fluvial architecture of the Burro Canyon Formation using unmanned aerial vehicle-based photogrammetry and outcrop-based modeling: Implications for reservoir performance, Escalante Canyon, southwestern Piceance Basin, Colorado

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. T1117-T1139
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Clark ◽  
Matthew J. Pranter ◽  
Rex D. Cole ◽  
Zulfiquar A. Reza
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Piceance Basin ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Reservoir Models ◽  
Sandstone Body ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The Cretaceous Burro Canyon Formation in the southern Piceance Basin, Colorado, represents low sinuosity to sinuous braided fluvial deposits that consist of amalgamated channel complexes, amalgamated and isolated fluvial-bar channel fills, and floodplain deposits. Lithofacies primarily include granule-cobble conglomerates, conglomeratic sandstones, cross-stratified sandstones, upward-fining sandstones, and gray-green mudstones. To assess the effects of variable sandstone-body geometry and internal lithofacies and petrophysical heterogeneity on reservoir performance, conventional field methods are combined with unmanned aerial vehicle-based photogrammetry to create representative outcrop-based reservoir models. Outcrop reservoir models and fluid-flow simulations compare three reservoir scenarios of the Burro Canyon Formation based on stratigraphic variability, sandstone-body geometry, and lithofacies heterogeneity. Simulation results indicate that lithofacies variability can account for an almost 50% variation in breakthrough time (BTT). Internal channel-bounding surfaces reduce the BTT by 2%, volumetric sweep efficiency by 8%, and recovery efficiency by 10%. Three lateral grid resolutions and two permeability-upscaling methods for each reservoir scenario are explored in fluid-flow simulations to investigate how upscaling impacts reservoir performance. Our results indicate that coarsely resolved grids experience delayed breakthrough by as much as 40% and greater volumetric sweep efficiency by an average of 10%. Permeability models that are upscaled using a geometric mean preserve slightly higher values than those using a harmonic mean. For upscaling based on a geometric mean, BTTs are delayed by an average of 17% and the volumetric sweep efficiency is reduced by as much as 10%. Results of the study highlight the importance of properly incorporating stratigraphic details into 3D reservoir models and preserving those details through proper upscaling methods.

Fast Estimation of Connectivity in Fractured Reservoirs Using Percolation Theory

SPE Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Masihi ◽  
Peter Robert King ◽  
Peyman Reza Nurafza
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Geological Uncertainty ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Reservoir Models ◽  
Fracture Systems ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Summary Investigating the impact of geological uncertainty (i.e., spatial distribution of fractures) on reservoir performance may aid management decisions. The conventional approach to address this is to build a number of possible reservoir models, upscale them, and then run flow simulations. The problem with this approach is that it is computationally very expensive. In this study, we use another approach based on the permeability contrasts that control the flow, called percolation approach. This assumes that the permeability disorder of a rock can be simplified to either permeable or impermeable. The advantage is that by using some universal laws from percolation theory, the effect of the complex geometry which influences the global properties (e.g., connectivity or conductivity) can be easily estimated in a fraction of a second on a spread sheet. The aim of this contribution is to establish the percolation framework to examine the connectivity of fracture systems at a given finite observation scale in 2D and 3D. In particular, we use numerical simulation to show how the scaling laws of the connectivity derived originally for constant-length isotropic systems can be expanded to cover more realistic cases including fracture systems with anisotropy and fracture-length distribution. Finally, the outcrop data of mineralized fractures exposed on the southern margin of the Bristol Channel Basin was used to show that the predictions from the percolation approach are in agreement with the results calculated from field data but can be obtained very quickly. As a result, this may be used for practical engineering purposes for decision making. Introduction Fractured reservoirs are very complex, containing geological heterogeneities (i.e., fractures) on various length scales from microns to kilometers. These heterogeneities have significant impact on the flow behavior and have to be modeled to make reliable prediction of reservoir performance. However, we have very few direct measurements of the flow properties (e.g., core and image-log data) that are 1D and represent a very small volume of a typical reservoir. Other type of data are more widespread (e.g., well-test or seismic data) but generally are related indirectly to fracture distribution. The consequence is a great deal of uncertainty about the spatial distribution of the fractures that influence the flow and affect the reservoir performance. A major factor in analysis of flow and transport in these reservoirs is the appropriate representation of the heterogeneities that control flow (Bear et al. 1993). The conventional approach to investigate the impact of geological uncertainty on reservoir recovery is to build a detailed reservoir model using geophysical and geological data, upscale it, and then perform flow simulation. This is typically done by assuming either equivalent continuum models (i.e., dual porosity or dual permeability), discrete network models, or an integration of both (Warren and Root 1963; Dershowitz et al. 2000). The fractures can be assumed to be infinite (Snow 1969), which means that they are perfectly connected, or finite in length (Sagar and Runchal 1982; Long and Witherspoon 1985). If fractures are poorly interconnected and the matrix rock is relatively impermeable, the network formed by the fractures may control the flow. On the other hand, if the matrix is relatively permeable and the fractures are regular and highly interconnected, fractures and matrix could be treated as two separate continuums occupying the entire domain (Warren and Root 1963). In order to have a reliable estimation of reservoir performance parameters, it is necessary to construct a number of possible reservoir models (with associated probabilities) and then run flow simulations many times. The problem with this approach is that it is computationally very expensive. Therefore, there is a great incentive to produce much simpler physically-based models to predict uncertainty in performance very quickly, especially for engineering purposes.

Study on Fault Diagnosis of Planetary Gearbox in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Multi sensor Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
Hyung Jun Park ◽  
Seong Hee Cho ◽  
Kyung-Hwan Jang ◽  
Jin-Woon Seol ◽  
Byung-Gi Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Planetary Gearbox ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Results of Spatial Structure of Atmosphere Radiation in a Spectral Range (1.5–2) µm Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Anton M. Mishchenko ◽  
Sergei S. Rachkovsky ◽  
Vladimir A. Smolin ◽  
Igor V . Yakimenko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Optoelectronic Systems ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Results of experimental studying radiation spatial structure of atmosphere background nonuniformities and of an unmanned aerial vehicle being the detection object are presented. The question on a possibility of its detection using optoelectronic systems against the background of a cloudy field in the near IR wavelength range is also considered.

Positioning the Angle of Attack Sensor on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Wing

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Amir Birjandi ◽  
◽  
Valentin Guerry ◽  
Eric Bibeau ◽  
Hamidreza Bolandhemmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Multi-Disciplinary Design of High-RPM Electric Generator with External Rotor for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Vavilov ◽  
Flur Ismagilov ◽  
Irek Khayrullin ◽  
Ruslan Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
External Rotor

Fair Deployment of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Base Station for Maximal Coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol E102.B (10) ◽  
pp. 2014-2020
Author(s):  
Yancheng CHEN ◽  
Ning LI ◽  
Xijian ZHONG ◽  
Yan GUO
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Aerial Vehicle
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