An experimental study of the influences of tobacco smoke on fertility and reproduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Florek ◽  
Andrzej Marszalek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Initial Number ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Parent Generation

1 The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological influence of tobacco smoke on fertility and reproduction of Wistar female rats. The influence of tobacco smoke from the Polish ‘Popularne’ cigarette brand was studied. The experiment was conducted on three generations of animals, each generation having two litters. The initial number of animals of the parent generation FO was 192 (128 females and 64 males). Animals were passively exposed to tobacco smoke in three different concentrations based on the content of carbon monoxide (500, 1000 and 1500 mg of CO per cubic meter of air). Animals were exposed to tobacco smoke for 6 h a day, 5 days a week, during 11 weeks. 2 The analysis of indices of mating and fertility revealed the decrease in those indices with animals exposed to tobacco smoke. We also observed an increased number of mothers breading among animals exposed to tobacco smoke. In animals exposed to tobacco smoke, the dose-effect or dose-response dependencies for mating, fertility and delivery indices were found. There was no influence of tobacco smoke on the duration of pregnancy. 3 Tobacco smoke inhalation caused increased levels of carboxyhaemoglobin. 4 Tobacco smoke did not change the duration of pregnancy in rats.

The influence of simultaneous whole body exposure to cigarette smoke and low-protein diet feeding on fertility, reproduction, and progeny of rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Florek ◽  
K Szymanowski ◽  
J Wrzosek ◽  
W Piekoszewski ◽  
W Biczysko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Parent Generation

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicological influence of different concentrations of tobacco smoke and low-protein diet on fertility, reproduction, and survival of offspring of Wistar female rats. We studied three generations, two litters in each. There were 192 animals in parent generation. Animals were exposed to three different concentrations of tobacco smoke that were reflected by the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (500, 1000, and 1500 mg CO/m3 air) during 11 weeks (six before and two weeks during mating, and three weeks of pregnancy). Additionally, animals were divided into two subgroups that were fed normal or low-protein diet. In the present study, we concentrated on the indices describing the reproduction ability, fertility, and rearing of pups of mothers exposed to tobacco smoke. The parameters of newborns survival were estimated also. We concluded that neither tobacco smoke exposure nor the low-protein diet changed the duration of pregnancy. The tobacco smoke in all doses and low-protein diet had a negative influence on fertility, reproduction, and survival of newborns from exposed mothers. This influence was mainly attributed to the tobacco smoke exposure. The levels of carboxyhaemoglobin were increasing with increasing tobacco smoke concentration.

Neurological Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit L. Bleecker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Biological Plausibility ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurologic Disorders

This chapter describes neurologic disorders related primarily to occupational exposures along with presenting signs and symptoms. Acute or subacute occupational exposure to high levels of neurotoxic compounds, which occurred in the past and resulted in unique presentations of neurological disorders, occur infrequently today. Sections include the evaluation of toxic neuropathies and the approach to neurobehavioral impairment along with the cognitive domains commonly affected with exposure to neurointoxicants. A section describes the approach to a patient with exposure to neurointoxicants that includes the need for a temporal association between exposure and effect, a dose-effect relationship, biological plausibility, and other causes eliminated Effects of selected neurotoxins are described, including carbon monoxide, lead, organic solvents, and manganese.

Contractile Performance of Rat Myocardium after Chronic Tobacco Smoke Inhalation

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley W. Brooks ◽  
Oscar H. L. Bing ◽  
Gary L. Huber ◽  
Walter H. Abelmann
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Rat Myocardium ◽  
Contractile Performance

Clinical and Neuropathological Findings of Acute Carbon Monoxide Toxicity in Chihuahuas Following Smoke Inhalation

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kent ◽  
Kate E. Creevy ◽  
Alexander deLahunta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Dorsal Thalamus ◽  
Initial Improvement

Three adult Chihuahuas were presented for evaluation after smoke inhalation during a house fire. All three dogs received supportive care and supplemental oxygen. After initial improvement, the dogs developed seizures. Despite anticonvulsant therapy and supportive care, the dogs died. The brains of two dogs were examined. Lesions were identified that were compatible with acute carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity. Lesions were confined to the caudate nucleus, the globus pallidus, and the substantia nigra bilaterally, as well as the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and dorsal thalamus. This case report describes the clinicopathological sequelae in acute CO toxicity.

Reductive intramolecular hydrogen transfer in a d8 metal hydride promoted by carbon monoxide addition. An experimental study and its theoretical implications

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 922-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Cecconi ◽  
Carlo A. Ghilardi ◽  
Paolo Innocenti ◽  
Carlo Mealli ◽  
Stefano Midollini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

scholarly journals Tobacco Smoke–Induced Lung Cancer in Animals—A Challenge to Toxicology (?)

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanspeter Witschi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Product Modification ◽  
Rats And Mice

Tobacco smoke is a known human carcinogen that primarily produces malignant lesions in the respiratory tract, although it also affects multiple other sites. A reliable and practical animal model of tobacco smoke–induced lung cancer would be helpful for in studies of product modification and chemoprevention. Over the years, many attempts to reproduce lung cancer in experimental animals exposed to tobacco smoke have been made, most often with negative or only marginally positive results. In hamsters, malignant lesions have been produced in the larynx, but not in the deeper lung. Female rats and female B6C3F1 mice, when exposed over lifetime to tobacco smoke, develop tumors in the nasal passages and also in the lung. Contrary to what is seen in human lung cancers, most rodent tumors are located peripherally and only about half of them show frank malignant features. Distant metastases are extremely rare. Male and female strain A mice exposed to 5 months to tobacco smoke and then kept for another 4 months in air respond to tobacco smoke with increased lung tumor multiplicities. However, the increase over background levels is comparatively small, making it difficult to detect significant differences when the effects of chemopreventive agents are evaluated. On the other hand, biomarkers of exposure and of effect as well as evaluation of putative carcinogenic mechanisms in rats and mice exposed to tobacco smoke allow detection of early events and their modification by different smoke types or chemopreventive agents. The challenge will be to make such data broadly acceptable and accepted in lieu of having to do more and more long term studies involving larger and larger number of animals.

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