Life–Cycle Oriented Risk Assessment Using a Monte Carlo Simulation

State of the art mechatronic systems are complex assemblies of various parts and sub-systems. In such an interconnected system, even relatively cheap parts can have a major impact on the overall performance due to unexpected failure. Hence, lifecycle management has major implications on the successful modification of existing products. Potential savings due to changes in production and procurement must be compared to the implied risk of products failing in the field due to these changes. This work documents a generic approach for risk assessment based on the distribution of the expected savings and incident costs over the whole lifecycle. To do so, a stochastic model is introduced to quantify the expected savings and costs given a non-risk-free product modification. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, the effects of uncertainty are incorporated into the risk management. The model and simulation are deployed within an industrial use case. The application demonstrates both the appropriateness of the tool and its useability.

Click Chemistry in Natural Product Modification

Click chemistry is perhaps the most powerful synthetic toolbox that can efficiently access the molecular diversity and unique functions of complex natural products up to now. It enables the ready synthesis of diverse sets of natural product derivatives either for the optimization of their drawbacks or for the construction of natural product-like drug screening libraries. This paper showcases the state-of-the-art development of click chemistry in natural product modification and summarizes the pharmacological activities of the active derivatives as well as the mechanism of action. The aim of this paper is to gain a deep understanding of the fruitful achievements and to provide perspectives, trends, and directions regarding further research in natural product medicinal chemistry.

Bovine Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract IMMUNEPOTENT CRP: Evaluation of Biological Activity of the Modified Product

Dialyzable leukocyte extracts are clinically used under different commercial names (IMMUNEPOTENT CRP®, IMMODIN®, Transferon®) to modulate the immune response altered by pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infections. The purpose of this study is to improve the production process of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract without decreasing its biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral). Our product modification consists of adding a dry heating step in the production process. In this study, we evaluated and compared the chemical composition (bromatological analysis), physical structure (infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM, and zeta potential) and biological function of the dialyzable leukocyte extracts obtained from fresh and dry bovine spleens. Our results showed that the use of a drying step in the production process of the bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) did not affect its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and it improved its antitumor properties. We suggest that this process modification could be applied to other biological products, such as dialyzable leukocyte extracts derived from other sources, in order to improve its functionality and formulation.

Pd-Catalyzed sp3 C–H alkoxycarbonylation of 8-methylquinolines using Mo(CO)6 as a CO surrogate

Pd(ii)-Catalyzed three-component sp3 C–H alkoxycarbonylation of 8-methylquinonlines is developed using Mo(CO)6 as a CO source with the substrate scope, functional group tolerance and natural product modification.

Repair Café Porto

This chapter analyses Repair Café Porto (RCP) through the lens of a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) method. It is based on the event-RCP held for three hours on a Saturday every two months from June 17, 2017 until April 28, 2018 and on a new economics approach of circular economy. It is intended to examine the potentialities and challenges of RCP. Repair Cafés are ‘workshops' for people to bring consumer products in need of repair where they with volunteer fixers learn repair, maintain their broken or faulty products, or try product modification. It is an RCP-requirement that visitors who bring products participate in repairs undertaken. Regular repair stations include bike, electrical and electronic, clothing, and jewellery. The SWOT method is used to assess internal and external aspects of RCP. It is concluded that the success of RCP is dependent on financial support, the maturity of repair notion, and the alteration of consumers and producers' attitudes to see waste as a resource and to extend the life of a product.

О ТРЕБОВАНИЯХ К ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ ПО РЕМОНТУ АВИАЦИОННЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ С МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЕЙ

The role of modernization of aircraft engines in the repair and the requirements for the design documentation. It is analyzed a set of repair documentation, which should include design repair and process documentation for repairs with product upgrades. Emphasis is placed on the repair design documentation, which includes drawings, specifications, diagrams containing data for the preparation of repair production, repair and control of the product after repair. These drawings, as a rule, contain only those images of the product, dimensions, maximum dimensional deviations, parts of the product, parts, circuit elements and additional data that are needed to carry out repairs and control of the product during and after repair. The differences of modernization from the repair of products of aircraft engines are established and the definition of repair with modernization is given. The purpose of the repair with the modernization of the aircraft engine is to obtain a new product modification (engine park). Engineers continue to improve the design of aircraft engines while pursuing, basically, two goals at once - reducing noise and reducing fuel consumption. While retaining all the advantages of the base engines, each subsequent modification of the engine is planned to implement the following new solutions: optimization of the blade shape, measures to expand the operating temperature range, the use of modern electrical systems, plasma ignition, fuel injection system with electronic control system, parts design and assembly units of light modern materials, reducing the size and more. The design documentation is an important link. These are graphic and text documents, which, complete or separately, determine the composition and design of the product and contain all the necessary data for monitoring, operation, and repair. The set of design documentation for a product or its part necessarily includes the main design document, which fully and unambiguously identifies this product and its composition.Repair with modernization is an improvement of the product, a change in the design following the requirements of modernity, which is one of the most important components of the transition to an effective market structure focused on customer satisfaction.