Confirmation of Objective Test Factors and Assessment of Their Relation to Questionnaire Factors: A Factor Analysis of 113 Rating, Questionnaire and Objective Test Measurements of Personality

1958 ◽  
Vol 104 (436) ◽  
pp. 608-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan H. Scheier ◽  
Raymond B. Cattell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Objective Test ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Basic Strategy ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Objective Tests

Cattell's basic strategy in personality research has been first to establish personality factors for each of three major types of measurement, rating (Life-Record), questionnaire (Self-Rating), and objective tests, then to compare factors from one realm with factors from another (7). A factor in any one realm is established in the first place by being replicated. As Cattell says (4, p. 291): “… a functionally unitary trait or process should nevertheless not be considered established by a pattern in a single factor analytic research, but must reappear consistently and persistently in independently rotated studies.”

An investigation into the factor structure of the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) in a CBT training sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Silia Vitoratou ◽  
Sheena Liness
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background: Effective monitoring of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) competence depends on psychometrically robust assessment methods. While the UK Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R; Blackburn et al., 2001) has become a widely used competence measure in CBT training, practice and research, its underlying factor structure has never been investigated. Aims: This study aimed to present the first investigation into the factor structure of the CTS-R based on a large sample of postgraduate CBT trainee recordings. Method: Trainees (n = 382) provided 746 mid-treatment audio recordings for depression (n = 373) and anxiety (n = 373) cases scored on the CTS-R by expert markers. Tapes were split into two equal samples counterbalanced by diagnosis and with one tape per trainee. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The suggested factor structure and a widely used theoretical two-factor model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed by diagnostic group (depression versus anxiety). Results: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution (98.68% explained variance), which was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All 12 CTS-R items were found to contribute to this single factor. The univariate model demonstrated full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance by diagnosis, with one item (item 10 – Conceptual Integration) demonstrating scalar non-invariance. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the CTS-R is a robust homogenous measure and do not support division into the widely used theoretical generic versus CBT-specific competency subscales. Investigation into the CTS-R factor structure in other populations is warranted.

Relation between Number of Subjects and Homogeneity of the Scale in Factor Analytic Studies

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1168-1170
Author(s):  
S. M. S. Ahmed ◽  
André Michon
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Variance Explained

This paper describes a factor analysis of the responses of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, or 160 subjects. The result shows that homogeneous scales need fewer subjects than heterogeneous scales for stable results in terms of the number of extracted factors and percentage of variance explained.

Factor-Analytic Study of the Maitland Graves Design Judgment Test

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Factor Analytic Study ◽  
Five Factors

A factor-analysis was carried out of the 90 items of the Maitland Graves Design Judgment Test based on responses from 172 young males. Five factors were found, of which only four could be interpreted.

scholarly journals Improving Strength and Quality of Epitendinous Repairs

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
Angel Farinas ◽  
Michael Stephanides ◽  
Steven Schneeberger ◽  
Alonda Pollins ◽  
Nancy Cardwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Single Thread ◽  
A2 Pulley ◽  
Suture Thread ◽  
Single Factor Analysis ◽  
Single Suture

Background: Epitendinous sutures not only join the 2 severed tendon edges but also supply strength and support to the repair. Multiple techniques have been described, but none of them include another thread of suture. This could potentially increase the strength of the repair without affecting gliding. Methods: Caprine tendons were harvested, transected, and sutured with 6-0 Prolene. Four groups were created: single thread running (SR), single thread locking (SL), double thread running (DR), and double thread locking (DL). An Instron 5542 was used to pull the repaired tendons apart, and the energy at the break was calculated (gf/mm). For gliding resistance, we harvested a human A2 pulley. A pre- and postrepair value was obtained, and a ratio was elaborated. A single-factor analysis of variance and independent sample t tests were performed. Results: The SR group had a mean energy at break of 9339.71 ± 1630.212 gf/mm; the SL group, 9629.96 ± 1476.45 gf/mm; and the DR group, 9600.221 ± 976.087 gf/mm, with no statistical significance. The DL group was significantly higher at 14 740.664 ± 2596.586 gf/mm ( P < .05). When comparing SR with DL for gliding, SR had less than half of the resistance than DL (0.018 ± 0.004 and 0.049 ± 0.015 N/mm, respectively), with statistical significance ( P < .05). Conclusion: Using a single suture thread for running epitendinous repair is no different than locking with a single thread or using an extra thread in a running fashion. Performing a double suture thread with a locking technique is significantly stronger than the previously mentioned repairs, with the disadvantage of more resistance at the pulley.

scholarly journals Coffee or Tea? Examining Cross-Cultural Differences in Personality Nuances Across Former Colonies of the British Empire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Achaa-Amankwaa ◽  
Gabriel Olaru ◽  
Ulrich Schroeders
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

Cross-cultural comparisons often focus on differences in broad personality traits across countries. However, many cross-cultural studies report differential item functioning which suggests that considerable group differences are not accounted for by the overarching personality factors. We argue that this may reflect cross-cultural personality differences at a lower level of personality, namely personality nuances. To investigate the degree of cultural similarities and differences between participants of ten countries that formerly belonged to the British Empire, we scrutinized participants’ personality scores on domain, facet, and nuance level of the personality hierarchy. More specifically, we used the responses of 9,110 participants on the IPIP-NEO 300-item personality inventory in cross-validated and regularized logistic regressions. Based on the trait domain and facet scores, we were able to identify the country of residence for 60% and 73% of the participants, respectively. By using the nuance level of personality, we correctly identified the nationality of 89% of the participants. This pattern of results explains the lack of measurement invariance in cross-cultural studies. We discuss implications for cross-cultural personality research and whether the high degree of cross-cultural item-level differences compromises the universality of the personality structure.

scholarly journals Sexual Ecstasy Scale: Conceptualizations and measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ecstatic Experience ◽  
Self Transcendence

This article describes the development of the Sexual Ecstasy Scale, an instrument designed to measure the specific features that emerge when sexual arousal is the trigger for an ecstatic experience. Drawing from descriptions of features of sexual ecstasy in the phenomenological literature, the authors generated an initial survey of 31 items. In Study 1, the survey was completed by a wide demographic sample (N = 331). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor solution that was replicated in Study 2 using confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample (N = 331) that showed strong fit indices. Internal consistency for the overall scale and subscales was high with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.873. Positive correlations with measures of emotional, sexual, and spiritual intimacy, and a measure of self-transcendence were used to establish convergent validity. The absence of correlations with measures of personal esteem and life satisfaction was used to distinguish the continuum of sexual ecstasy from other personality factors. The results show that ecstatic sexual experience is consistent with other measures of peak experience and heightened emotion while demonstrating the ability to measure the specific features of the construct. Conclusions are drawn regarding the importance of the ecstatic features of sexuality to transpersonal psychology.

scholarly journals Prestasiebeoordeling: 'n Faktoranalitiese geldigheidstudie

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Smith ◽  
A. L. Barnard ◽  
H. S. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Management Ability ◽  
Performance Appraisal System

Performance appraisal: a factor analytic validation study. The purpose of the study was to establish the validity of a general performance appraisal system through the application of factor analysis. It is found that the performance appraisal system to some extent do dispose a general validity, and that the three constructs involved (management ability, work ability, and ability to adapt) can be evaluated satisfactorily by the measuring instrument mentioned. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was die geldigheidsbepaling van 'n algemene prestasiebeoordelingstelsel deur die toepassing van faktorontleding. Daar is bevind dat die prestasiebeoordelingstelsel wel oor 'n aanvaarbare mate van algemene geldigheid beskik, veral sover dit konstrukgeldigheid aangaan, en dat die drie konstrukte, bestuurs-, werks- en aanpassingsvermoe, wel tot 'n bevredigende mate deur die betrokke meetinstrument geevalueer kan word.

Physiologic Model of Oropharyngeal Swallowing Revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Martin-Harris ◽  
Yvonne Michel ◽  
Donald O. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Physiologic Model

Objective: The purposes of this investigation were to determine whether the temporal onsets of swallow events segment into oral and pharyngeal phases, to test the interdependence of temporal onsets of swallow events, and to determine the influence of age on total swallow duration. Study Design and Setting: The onsets of swallowing and respiratory measures were studied in 76 healthy normal individuals. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 2-factor solution but did not support the hypothesized 2-phase structure (ie, oral and pharyngeal). Two of the onsets, apnea onset and apnea offset, formed a single factor that explained 12.6% of the variation among the 11 onset times. The other 9 onsets formed a second factor that explained 66.4% of the variation. Age accounted for modest variation in total swallow duration. Conclusions: The two factors, oropharyngeal and respiratory, explained 79% of the variation among the 11 onset times. Significance: This finding speaks to the overlap between the initiation of oral and pharyngeal components of swallowing in adults and highlights the artificiality of separating the swallowing continuum into isolated phases.

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