Physiologic Model of Oropharyngeal Swallowing Revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Martin-Harris ◽  
Yvonne Michel ◽  
Donald O. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Physiologic Model

Objective: The purposes of this investigation were to determine whether the temporal onsets of swallow events segment into oral and pharyngeal phases, to test the interdependence of temporal onsets of swallow events, and to determine the influence of age on total swallow duration. Study Design and Setting: The onsets of swallowing and respiratory measures were studied in 76 healthy normal individuals. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 2-factor solution but did not support the hypothesized 2-phase structure (ie, oral and pharyngeal). Two of the onsets, apnea onset and apnea offset, formed a single factor that explained 12.6% of the variation among the 11 onset times. The other 9 onsets formed a second factor that explained 66.4% of the variation. Age accounted for modest variation in total swallow duration. Conclusions: The two factors, oropharyngeal and respiratory, explained 79% of the variation among the 11 onset times. Significance: This finding speaks to the overlap between the initiation of oral and pharyngeal components of swallowing in adults and highlights the artificiality of separating the swallowing continuum into isolated phases.

scholarly journals “What do you think people feel?” Emotional climate during a pandemic: Adaptation and validation of a scale

Psicologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Cristina De Sousa ◽  
João Viseu ◽  
Helena Vinagre ◽  
Dario Páez ◽  
Olga Valentim
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emotional Climate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Collective Resilience

Our study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of an instrument to assess emotional climate during the COVID-19 pandemic using a sample of 601 Portuguese individuals. Two sub-samples were created, one to perform an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), composed of 300 participants, and the other to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), composed of 301 individuals. Two factors were found: positive and negative emotional climate. In the EFA, both factors established a negative and significant correlation. However, the CFA presented a better fit with two independent factors. Reliability analysis indicated acceptable values for both dimensions. There was also evidence of discriminant, convergent, and criterion validity. More negative emotions were perceived regarding the social climate. Results were discussed in the frame of different positive and negative psychosocial variables related to positive and negative emotional climates, as well as positive emotional climate as a resource for collective resilience.

The Measurement Artifact in the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie Caught ◽  
Mark A. Shadur ◽  
John J. Rodwell
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Measurement Artifact ◽  
Measurement Artifacts

This study empirically examined the debate in the literature regarding the dimensionality of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. The sample comprised 803 employees from organizations in the information technology and hospitality industries. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire appears to have a two-factor structure, with one factor consisting of positively worded items and the other factor, negatively worded items. Scores on both factors correlated significantly with job satisfaction, suggesting that both factors appear to be measuring a similar aspect of organizational commitment and that they present as two factors given as measurement artifacts of the item wording.

scholarly journals Propiedades psicométricas del Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) en una muestra de hombres y mujeres jóvenes chilenos

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Neli Escandón Nagel ◽  
María José Baeza Rivera ◽  
Josefa Larenas Said ◽  
Esteban Caamaño Mardones
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Body Ideal ◽  
Order Factor

Drive for muscularity, although it mainly occurs in men, is also experienced by women. It is important to have instruments to measure this construct, which is the reason why the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) in Chilean adolescents and young adults (n = 602). The DMS and the SATAQ-4 were administered. The confirmatory factor analysis showed two factors, one representing attitudes and the other behaviors, in addition to a second-order factor. This structure had a good fit for both sexes, although for women it was necessary to remove two items. Regarding sex, men showed higher scores and, with respect to age, adolescents manifested greater drive for muscularity. For both sexes a positive correlation between the DMS and the athletic/body ideal internalization scale was observed. These results confirm that the Chilean version of the DMS has adequate psychometric properties.

Task and Relationship Conflict at Work

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Anna Grohmann ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The distinction between task and relationship conflict is well established. Based on Jehn’s (1995) intragroup conflict scale, we developed an economic six-item questionnaire for assessing relationship and task conflict in work groups. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on data from a convenience sample (N = 247), and confirmed the original two-factor solution. The stability of the obtained two-factor solution was supported by confirmatory factor analysis in a longitudinal design with a second sample (N = 431) from the industrial sector. In line with previous research, the two types of conflict were intercorrelated. Moreover, the two subscales showed differential longitudinal effects on team outcomes. Task conflict was beneficial for performance in nonroutine tasks (but not in routine tasks). Relationship conflict had a negative impact on team viability and coworker trust.

An investigation into the factor structure of the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) in a CBT training sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Silia Vitoratou ◽  
Sheena Liness
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background: Effective monitoring of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) competence depends on psychometrically robust assessment methods. While the UK Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R; Blackburn et al., 2001) has become a widely used competence measure in CBT training, practice and research, its underlying factor structure has never been investigated. Aims: This study aimed to present the first investigation into the factor structure of the CTS-R based on a large sample of postgraduate CBT trainee recordings. Method: Trainees (n = 382) provided 746 mid-treatment audio recordings for depression (n = 373) and anxiety (n = 373) cases scored on the CTS-R by expert markers. Tapes were split into two equal samples counterbalanced by diagnosis and with one tape per trainee. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The suggested factor structure and a widely used theoretical two-factor model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed by diagnostic group (depression versus anxiety). Results: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution (98.68% explained variance), which was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All 12 CTS-R items were found to contribute to this single factor. The univariate model demonstrated full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance by diagnosis, with one item (item 10 – Conceptual Integration) demonstrating scalar non-invariance. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the CTS-R is a robust homogenous measure and do not support division into the widely used theoretical generic versus CBT-specific competency subscales. Investigation into the CTS-R factor structure in other populations is warranted.

Construction and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Latex Barrier Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Morell-Mengual ◽  
María Dolores Gil-Llario ◽  
Jesús Castro-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Preventive Methods ◽  
Negative Expectations

AbstractSome studies have concluded there is a relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behaviors that prevent HIV transmission. This paper presents the construction and validation of the latex barrier use self-efficacy scale (LBSS), which 480 participants filled out. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two components: positive expectations of self-efficacy (ES-POS) and negative expectations of self-efficacy (ES-NEG), which together accounted for 65.59% of total variance. That structure was later verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was .80 for the total scale, and .78 for each of the two factors. Moreover, the instrument had adequate convergent validity and was positively related with condom use self-efficacy, attitudes toward condom and latex barrier use, and ability to refuse sex if the partner refuses to use preventive methods. In conclusion, this instrument is a useful measure of self-efficacy in latex barrier use.

scholarly journals Is valuing happiness associated with lower well-being? A factor-level analysis using the valuing happiness scale

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Luhmann ◽  
Elizabeth A. Necka ◽  
Felix D. Schönbrodt ◽  
Louise Hawkley
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Level Analysis

Recent studies suggest that valuing happiness is negatively associated with well-being. Most of these studies used the Valuing Happiness Scale (Mauss, Tamir, et al., 2011). In the present paper, we examined the factor structure of this scale using data pooled from six independent samples (Ntotal = 938). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Valuing Happiness Scale is not unidimensional and that only one of its three factors correlates negatively with various indicators of well-being, whereas non-significant or positive correlations were found for the other factors. These findings indicate that valuing happiness may not necessarily be bad for one’s well-being, and call for a better definition, theoretical foundation, and operationalization of this construct.

scholarly journals The Development of a Behavior Patterns Rating Scale for Preservice Teachers

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihat Caliskan ◽  
Okan Kuzu ◽  
Yasemin Kuzu
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors

The purpose of this study was to develop a rating scale that can be used to evaluate behavior patterns of the organization people pattern of preservice teachers (PSTs). By reviewing the related literature on people patterns, a preliminary scale of 38 items with a five-points likert type was prepared. The number of items was reduced to 29 after obtaining expert opinions and was administered to 620 PSTs. As the results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, unlike two factors: structurist and free spirits behavior patterns, in the theory, we obtained the final scale of 15 items consisting of three factors: planners, solution-oriented and prescriptive behavior patterns. The related Cronbach Alpha value was found to be .830 for all the items. We identified that behavior patterns rating scale of the organization people pattern can be confidently applied to evaluate behavior patterns. Moreover, in this study, we obtained a contradiction between practice and theory. Thus, we provided a new idea related to behavior patterns of the organization people pattern.

scholarly journals PEN-13: A New Generic 13-Item Questionnaire for Measuring Patient Enablement (German Version)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Siegel ◽  
Anna T. Ehmann ◽  
Ingo Meyer ◽  
Oliver Gröne ◽  
Wilhelm Niebling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
German Version ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Patient Enablement

Background: The purpose of our study was to develop and psychometrically test a German-language survey instrument that measures patient enablement generically and in greater detail than previous instruments. Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed 13 items to capture individual aspects of patient enablement (PEN-13). A pre-test with 26 subjects was followed by a random sample survey of N = 1168 subjects. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in a random split-half sample of the data to explore PEN-13’s factor structure; a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in the validation sample. The internal consistency of the factors was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, PEN-13’s construct validity was checked by means of additional hypothesis testing. Results: The two factors self-management and patient-practitioner interaction, detected in the exploratory analysis, were confirmed with a few modifications in the confirmatory factor analysis, with the comparative fit index (CFI) amounting to 0.903. The Cronbach’s alpha values of those two factors amounted to α = 0.90 and α = 0.82, respectively. The correlations of the PEN-13 score with the ’general self-efficacy’ and ’health literacy’ (HLS-EU-Q16) scores further confirmed its construct validity; the respective correlation coefficients amounted to 0.57 and 0.60. Conclusion: The German version of the survey instrument Patient Enablement Scale—13 items (PEN-13) shows acceptable psychometric properties. Practical implications: PEN-13 seems particularly suitable for health services research purposes. We recommend checking the results in another sample as well as evaluating its responsiveness to enablement-enhancing interventions.

Measuring the Meaning of Miscarriage: Revision of the Impact of Miscarriage Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn S. Huffman ◽  
Kristen Swanson ◽  
Mary R. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine a factor structure for the Impact of Miscarriage Scale (IMS). The 24 items comprising the IMS were originally derived from a phenomenological study of miscarriage in women. Initial psychometric properties were established based on a sample of 188 women (Swanson, 1999a). Method: Data from 341 couples were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results: CFA did not confirm the original structure. EFA explained 57% of the variance through an 18-item, 4-factor structure: isolation and guilt, loss of baby, devastating event, and adjustment. Except for the Adjustment subscale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were ≥.78. Conclusion: Although a 3-factor solution is most defensible, with further refinement and additional items, the 4th factor (adjustment) may warrant retention.

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